CH 1 _ 2 Pretest Study Guide.docx

CHs 1 & 2 Pretest Study Guide **[CH 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology]** 1. **eponym** -- a medical term used for a procedure, disease, medical device, etc., that is named after a person (EX: **cesarean** section, **Hodgkin's** Disease, **Foley** catheter) 2. **constructed medical...

CHs 1 & 2 Pretest Study Guide **[CH 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology]** 1. **eponym** -- a medical term used for a procedure, disease, medical device, etc., that is named after a person (EX: **cesarean** section, **Hodgkin's** Disease, **Foley** catheter) 2. **constructed medical terms** -- terms that can be divided into word parts, consist of at least two word parts, must have a suffix 3. **non-constructed medical terms** -- terms that cannot be divided into word parts, such as heart, nurse 4. **sequence for deconstructing medical terms**: 5. **prefix** -- a word part attached to the beginning of a constructed medical term that modifies the meaning of the word 6. **suffix** -- a word part attached to the end of a constructed medical term that modifies the meaning of the word 7. **word root** -- the **foundation** of a medical term; it provides the **general** or **basic** meaning of the word 8. **combining vowel** -- a vowel added to a word root which makes it possible combine several word parts; combining vowels are only added to word roots 9. **combining form** -- consists of **a word root** and **combining vowel** **[CH 2: Introduction to Medical Terminology]** 10. **cytology** -- the study of cells and their functions is called **cytology** 11. **histology** -- the study of tissues and their functions 12. **integumentary system** -- a protective two-way barrier protecting all internal structures; includes *skin, hair, nails, sweat glands* 13. **musculoskeletal system** -- skeleton supports and protects the body stature and muscles produce movement; includes bones, joints, muscles 14. **cardiovascular system** - pumps blood through the body to transport nutrients, oxygen and wastes***; includes heart, arteries, veins*** 15. **lymphatic system** -- protects the body from disease and invasion of pathogens. Absorbs extracellular fluid into its vessels and filters out pathogens before returning the fluid back into the cardiovascular system; includes *lymph nodes (filters), lymphatic vessels* 16. **respiratory system** -- obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body; includes the *throat, windpipe and lungs* 17. ***digestive system** -- responsible for digestion and elimination of solid waste from the body; includes **mouth, throat, stomach, intestines, colon*** 18. ***urinary system** -- **kidneys** filter waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body; includes **kidneys, urinary bladder*** 19. ***nervous system** -- receives sensory information and coordinates the body's responses; includes the **brain, spinal cord, nerves*** 20. ***endocrine system** -- regulates metabolic activities of the body; includes the **pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands*** 21. ***anatomical position -- used because it establishes a common position and relationships of body parts*** 22. ***abdominal region -- abdomen; anterior side of trunk between the thoracic and pelvic regions*** 23. ***brachial region -- upper extremities or arms*** 24. ***cephalic region -- entire head*** 25. ***cervical region -- neck*** 26. ***inguinal/groin region -- the area directly above and below the fold where the abdomen meets the leg*** 27. ***gluteal region -- buttocks*** 28. ***pelvic region -- area between the hips and internal structures*** 29. ***pubic region -- external area of the external genitals (reproductive organs)*** 30. ***trunk or torso -- contains all body regions other than head, neck and extremities*** 31. ***thoracic region -- chest*** 32. **cavities** -- open spaces within the body that may or may not be filled with organs or other structures 33. ***cranial cavity -- contains brain*** 34. ***spinal cavity -- contains spinal cord*** 35. ***thoracic cavity -- contains the two lungs and the central region between them is called the mediastinum*** 36. ***mediastinum -- the central region of the thorax, located between the lungs; it contains the heart, esophagus, trachea (windpipe), and thymus gland*** 37. ***diaphragm---a physical dividing wall between thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity; it is the muscle used for breathing*** 38. ***abdominal cavity -- refers to the abdomen; the area between the thoracic and pelvic cavities; primarily includes the organs of digestion and excretion*** 39. ***pelvic cavity --the area within the hips or that which is inclusive of the pelvic girdle*** 40. ***abdominopelvic cavity -- used when referring to both the abdominal and pelvic regions as a single unit*** 41. ***epigastric region -- the upper middle area of the abdomen; area most common for stomach and heart issues*** 42. ***umbilical region -- the central area of the abdomen around the umbilicus (navel/belly button)*** 43. ***abdominal left lumbar -- left abdomen lateral to the umbilical area*** 44. ***right lumbar --*** right region lateral to the umbilical region, including the back 45. ***left lumbar --*** left region lateral to the umbilical region, including the back 46. ***flank regions -- posterior lumbar regions between the bottom of the rib cage and upper hip bone*** 47. ***right upper quadrant -- contains majority of liver, gallbladder*** 48. ***right lower quadrant -- contains appendix*** 49. ***left upper quadrant -- contains spleen, stomach, pancreas*** 50. ***left lower quadrant -- contains the sigmoid colon/rectum, pain often the result of constipation*** 51. ***superior -- pertaining to above; more toward the head or above another structure*** 52. ***inferior -- pertaining to below; more toward the feet or below another structure*** 53. ***anterior (ventral)-- pertaining to the front; more toward the front or belly-side of the body*** 54. ***posterior (dorsal) -- pertaining to the back; more toward the back side of the body*** 55. ***medial -- pertaining to the middle; refers to the middle or near the middle of the body or structure*** 56. ***lateral -- pertaining to the side; refers to more toward the side*** 57. ***proximal -- pertaining near to; located nearer to the point of attachment to the body*** 58. ***distal -- pertaining away from; located farther away from the point of attachment to the body*** 59. ***superficial -- more toward the surface of the body; (i.e. -- pain more towards the surface of the body or an injury to the skin)*** 60. ***deep -- further away from the surface of the body (i.e. -- internal/organ pain or an injury that goes below the layers of the skin.)*** 61. ***supine -- lying on your back, facing upward*** 62. ***prone -- lying on your abdomen, facing down*** 63. ***apex -- the conical-shaped part, tip or summit of an organ (specifically refers to the conical part of an organ; therefore, the apex of the heart is the conical part at the bottom of the heart; whereas, the apex of the lung is the conical part of the top of the lung)*** 64. ***base -- bottom or lower part of an organ***