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Questions and Answers
What is a constructed medical term?
What is a constructed medical term?
- A term always used in medical abbreviations
- A term that has no medical relevance
- A term that cannot be divided into word parts
- A term consisting of at least two word parts (correct)
Which of the following is an eponym?
Which of the following is an eponym?
- Hodgkin's Disease (correct)
- Osteoarthritis
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
What role does a combining vowel play in medical terminology?
What role does a combining vowel play in medical terminology?
- It serves as a prefix for all medical terms
- It connects word roots to other word parts (correct)
- It is crucial for forming abbreviations
- It indicates the suffix in a medical term
What does the term 'cytology' refer to in medical terminology?
What does the term 'cytology' refer to in medical terminology?
Which system is responsible for protecting the body from disease?
Which system is responsible for protecting the body from disease?
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Which word part modifies the meaning of a medical term when placed at the beginning?
Which word part modifies the meaning of a medical term when placed at the beginning?
Which of the following includes the structures of the respiratory system?
Which of the following includes the structures of the respiratory system?
Which system is responsible for regulating metabolic activities in the body?
Which system is responsible for regulating metabolic activities in the body?
Which body region is referred to as the 'gluteal region'?
Which body region is referred to as the 'gluteal region'?
What is the purpose of establishing an anatomical position?
What is the purpose of establishing an anatomical position?
What is contained within the cranial cavity?
What is contained within the cranial cavity?
Which of the following regions includes the area around the umbilicus?
Which of the following regions includes the area around the umbilicus?
What does the term 'mediastinum' denote in the thorax?
What does the term 'mediastinum' denote in the thorax?
Which cavity is referred to when discussing both abdominal and pelvic regions together?
Which cavity is referred to when discussing both abdominal and pelvic regions together?
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
What organs are primarily found in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?
What organs are primarily found in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?
Which term describes the position more toward the feet?
Which term describes the position more toward the feet?
Which of the following regions includes the appendix?
Which of the following regions includes the appendix?
What does the term 'lateral' refer to in anatomical terms?
What does the term 'lateral' refer to in anatomical terms?
Which of the following accurately describes a superficial injury?
Which of the following accurately describes a superficial injury?
What position is described by lying on your back, facing upward?
What position is described by lying on your back, facing upward?
Which anatomical term means nearer to the point of attachment to the body?
Which anatomical term means nearer to the point of attachment to the body?
What is the apex of an organ?
What is the apex of an organ?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Medical Terminology
- Eponym: Medical terms named after individuals; examples include cesarean section and Hodgkin's Disease.
- Constructed Medical Terms: Made of at least two word parts and must contain a suffix; can be deconstructed into individual components.
- Non-Constructed Medical Terms: Standalone terms that cannot be broken down, e.g., heart, nurse.
- Word Parts: Comprised of prefix (beginning modifier), suffix (ending modifier), and word root (basic meaning).
- Combining Vowel: A vowel (usually "o") added to word roots to facilitate joining multiple word parts.
- Combining Form: A combination of a word root plus a combining vowel.
Human Body Systems
- Cytology: Study of cell structure and function.
- Histology: Examination of tissues and their functions.
- Integumentary System: Protects internal structures; includes skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.
- Musculoskeletal System: Consists of bones and muscles that support the body's structure and enable movement.
- Cardiovascular System: Moves blood throughout the body, transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products; includes heart, arteries, and veins.
- Lymphatic System: Guards against disease and filters pathogens through lymph nodes; returns filtered fluid to the cardiovascular system.
- Respiratory System: Facilitates gas exchange by obtaining oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide; includes throat, trachea, and lungs.
- Digestive System: Responsible for processing food and eliminating solid waste; comprises mouth, throat, stomach, intestines, colon.
- Urinary System: Kidneys filter blood waste and expel it; features kidneys and urinary bladder.
- Nervous System: Processes sensory input and coordinates responses; includes brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Endocrine System: Regulates metabolism and other bodily functions; includes glands like the pituitary and thyroid.
Body Regions and Cavities
- Anatomical Position: Standard reference position for anatomical studies, establishing clear relationships among body parts.
- Cavities: Body's open spaces containing organs; include cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
- Mediastinum: Central thoracic region housing the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland.
- Diaphragm: Muscular divider separating thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities, critical for respiration.
Abdominal and Pelvic Regions
- Abdominal Region: Anterior trunk area between thoracic and pelvic regions.
- Quadrants: Division of the abdomen into four areas for clinical reference; includes right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants.
- Regions: More specific areas of the abdomen, including epigastric, umbilical, lumbar, and others.
Anatomical Terms of Location and Position
- Superior: Above another structure or nearer the head.
- Inferior: Below another structure or nearer the feet.
- Anterior (ventral): Toward the front or belly-side of the body.
- Posterior (dorsal): Toward the back of the body.
- Medial: Closer to the midline of the body.
- Lateral: Farther from the midline, toward the side.
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment to the body.
- Distal: Farther from the point of attachment.
- Superficial: Nearer the surface of the body.
- Deep: Further from the body surface.
Body Positioning
- Supine: Lying face up on the back.
- Prone: Lying face down on the abdomen.
- Apex: Tip of a conical structure, such as the top of a lung or bottom of the heart.
- Base: Bottom or lower part of an organ.
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