Cell Structure Comparison PDF

# Comparison Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell ## Comparison Table | Cell Part | Plant Cell | Animal Cell | |---|---|---| | Cell Wall | Present | Absent | | Cell Membrane | Present | Present | | Nucleus | Present | Present | | Cytoplasm | Present | Present | | Mitochondria | Present | Present | |...

# Comparison Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell ## Comparison Table | Cell Part | Plant Cell | Animal Cell | |---|---|---| | Cell Wall | Present | Absent | | Cell Membrane | Present | Present | | Nucleus | Present | Present | | Cytoplasm | Present | Present | | Mitochondria | Present | Present | | Endoplasmic Reticulum | Present | Present | | Golgi Body | Present | Present | | Lysosome | Present | Present | | Ribosome | Present | Present | | Vacuole | One Big | Many Small | | Plastid | Present | Absent | | Centrosome | Absent | Present | ## Plant and Animal Cell Diagram The document contains two diagrams: **1. A diagram of a plant cell:** - It includes labels for components like cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplast, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus, nucleolus, rough ER, raphide crystal, druse, large central vacuole, and amyloplast. **2. A diagram of an animal cell:** - It includes labels for components like cell membrane, pinocytotic vesicle, lysosome, Golgi vesicles, rough ER, smooth ER, crystal, mitochondrion, cytoplasm, nucleolus, nucleus, centrioles, microtubules, and ribosome. ## Organelles of the Cell Here are the organelles of the cell, with their definitions: - **Cell Wall:** - It is composed of cellulose. - It supports and protects the plant cell. - It allows the passage of water and dissolved substances due to the presence of pores. - **Cell Membrane:** - It surrounds the cytoplasm. - It consists of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic heads and hydrophilic tails. - Embedded proteins act as cell identification or gates. - Cholesterol maintains the membrane's cohesive and intact structure. - It covers the cell and separates it from its surroundings. - It helps organize the passage of substances. - **Nucleus:** - It has a spherical or oval shape located in the middle of the cell. - It helps organize the cell's function. - It contains nucleolus and nucleoplasm. - **Nucleolus:** Synthesizes ribosomes. - **Nucleoplasm:** A fluid that contains chromatin. - **Chromatin:** Coiled chromosomes found around themselves. - **Chromosome:** Appear during cell division as two chromatids joined by a centromere. Each chromatid is DNA wrapped around a histone protein. - **Centriole:** - Composed of 9 triplets of microtubules. - Plays a role in cell division through spindle fiber formation. - Also responsible for flagella and cilia formation. - **Golgi Apparatus:** - A group of flat membranous sacs. - The number of sacs varies according to the cell's secretion activity. - It receives secreted substances through transport vesicles, categorizes them, and then sends them to their specific locations for use. - **Lysosomes:** - Small, round membranous vesicles. - Contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out, damaged, or unnecessary tissue. - **Endoplasmic Reticulum:** - A network of membranous canaliculi attached to the nucleus or plasma membrane. - It forms an internal transporting system. - **Rough ER:** - Has ribosomes attached. - Involved in protein synthesis, making changes to proteins, and forming new membrane. - **Smooth ER:** - Lacks ribosomes. - Involved in lipid synthesis, converting glucose to glycogen, and reducing the toxicity of chemicals. - **Ribosomes:** - Non-membranous round organelles found in animal cells except for nerve cells. - **Mitochondria:** - Contain respiratory enzymes. - They are the powerhouses of the cell, storing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for energy. - **Vacuoles:** - Membranous sacs filled with fluid. - Animal cells have small and numerous vacuoles, while plant cells have a single, large vacuole. - They store water, nutrients, and waste. - **Plastids:** - **Chloroplasts:** Contain chlorophyll, giving plants their green color. They are responsible for photosynthesis. - **Chromoplasts:** Contain carotenoids, which give plants their orange or yellow colors. - **Leucoplasts:** Lack pigment and are responsible for storing starch. This document provides a detailed overview of the differences and similarities between plant and animal cells, focusing on their organelles and their functions.