Cell Energy - Biology PDF

Cell Energy UNIT 2: PART 2 This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-N Energy Molecules ADENOSINE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) (ADP) ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. – Energy is released wh...

Cell Energy UNIT 2: PART 2 This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-N Energy Molecules ADENOSINE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) (ADP) ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. – Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed. – ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added. Stored Energy, like a charged battery phosphate removed Used Energy, like a partially charged battery Photosynthesis  Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts Light energy from the sun must be captured for photosynthesis to occur. Sunlight is “white” light— a mixture of different wavelengths. Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight with pigments—principally with chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place inside organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplast: an organelle found only in plants that creates energy by the sun Chloroplast Structure Why are most leaves green? Contain a pigment called chlorophyll which is a green pigment found in chloroplasts Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis Closing: Extension Why do leaves change colors in the fall? Why do leaves fall off trees in the winter? How do you know photosynthesis is occurring? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRMKiLlpATk Photosynthesis Requires Two Types of Reactions LIGHT DEPENDENT LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION REACTIONS (DARK REACTIONS) Requires the sun Needs products from LDR, continues to happen even if no Occurs in the thylakoids light is present. Produces Oxygen, ATP, and Occurs in the stroma NADPH Produces glucose Calvin Cycle Overview  Factors affecting photosynthesis Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and availability of water. Some plants have adapted to extremely bright, hot conditions: C4 and CAM plants. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. (break down glucose to make ATP) This process occurs in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria.  Aerobic versus Anaerobic Aerobic Respiration – uses oxygen Anaerobic Respiration – does not use oxygen Chemistry of Cellular Respiration What are the REACTANTS and the PRODUCTS? How are Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration similar? ¿En qué se parecen la fotosíntesis y la respiración celular? Stages of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Kreb Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm Anaerobic process ◦ Input 2 ATP ◦ Output is 4 ATP ◦ ATP is like $$$$$ One molecule of Glucose turns into 2 molecules of Pyruvate Kreb Cycle Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria The Kreb cycle goes around two times producing NADH, ATP, FADH2, and carbon dioxide as a by-product Matrix  Electron Transport Chain Occurs in the Intermembrane Space The cell uses a process known as chemiosmosis to produce ATP. Oxygen is the last electron accepter 34 ATP Produced  Products of Cellular Respiration Process Energy Produced Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb Cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport 34 ATP Chain Anaerobic: Fermentation When oxygen is NOT available, cells can switch to using anaerobic respiration for a little while. Another name for anaerobic respiration is FERMENTATION (2 kinds) 1. Alcoholic – produces 2 ATP from 1 glucose 2. Lactic acid- produces 2 ATP from 1 glucose NO MORE ATP IS PRODUCED AFTER GLYCOLYSIS Fermentation ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Pyruvate gets broken down into  Ethanol + CO2 Ex: bread – yeast break down carbohydrate (sugar) in dough  CO2 which causes bread to rise. Beer and Wine are products of alcoholic fermentation LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Pyruvate gets broken down into  lactic acid Lactic Acid causes muscle fatigue & soreness  Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are separate, but related, chemical processes. When writing a chemical equation, the reactants are shown to the left side of the arrow, while the products are shown after the arrow, on the right.  Vocabulary Review Chloroplast Aerobic Chlorophyll Anaerobic Stroma Matrix Thylakoid ATP Synthase Calvin Cycle Cristae Autotroph ATP Glycolysis Light Independent Mitochondria Light Dependent Kreb's Cycle Interdependence Electron Transport Chain  Opener: Review from Last Week The Glycolysis phase Cellular respiration takes of cellular respiration place inside takes place in which organelle? A. An animal cell only. A. Nucleus B. A plant cell only. B. Cytoplasm C. Both plant and animal C. Ribosome D.Mitochondria cells. D.Neither plant or animal  Opener: Review from Last Week The Glycolysis phase Cellular respiration of cellular respiration takes place inside takes place in which organelle? A. An animal cell only. A. Nucleus B. A plant cell only. B. Cytoplasm C. Both plant and C. Ribosome animal cells. D.Mitochondria D.Neither plant or animal cells.  Opener: Review from Last Week During phase two of Cellular Respiration, 3- carbon sugars and oxygen enter the mitochondria to begin the ‘Citric Acid Cycle’. What process is this an example of? A. Anaerobic Respiration B. Aerobic Respiration C. Alcoholic Respiration D.ATP Respiration  Opener: Review from Last Week During phase two of Cellular Respiration, 3- carbon sugars and oxygen enter the mitochondria to begin the ‘Citric Acid Cycle’. What process is this an example of? A. Anaerobic Respiration B. Aerobic Respiration C. Alcoholic Respiration D.ATP Respiration