Cellular Respiration PDF

Cellular Respiration Ms. Melody Dalag Gen. Bio. 1 Cell Energy = Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ATP is the chemical compound that cells use for energy (like a battery) Modified nucleic acid Contains: - adenine - ribose (sugar) - 3 phosphates “Dead Battery ATP” = Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ATP...

Cellular Respiration Ms. Melody Dalag Gen. Bio. 1 Cell Energy = Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ATP is the chemical compound that cells use for energy (like a battery) Modified nucleic acid Contains: - adenine - ribose (sugar) - 3 phosphates “Dead Battery ATP” = Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ATP is rechargeable! ADP forms when a “P” is broken off ATP to release energy. ADP can be recharged by using food energy to reconnect the P.  Cellular Respiration Equation Equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + ATP (Does it look familiar?!)  YES! Respiration is the exact opposite of photosynthesis! Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6 Respiration: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Photosynthesis and Respiration together make the Carbon cycle.  Respiration ALL cells (including plants) use respiration to recharge their ATP Respiration reverses the work of photosynthesis. It uses oxygen to break down a sugar, releasing CO2 and water as waste Two types of respiration – Aerobic (requires oxygen, takes place in cytoplasm and mitochondria, creates around 36 ATP ) – Anaerobic (no oxygen needed, takes place in the cytoplasm only, creates only 2 ATP, uses fermentation)  Respiration Stages Three stages (Aerobic requires all ; anaerobic repeats stage one) 1. Glycolysis (cytoplasm): break glucose in half and charge 2 ATP; no oxygen needed 2. Krebs Cycle (mitochondria): finish the job to turn glucose into CO2 and release energy; requires oxygen; 3. Electron Transport Chain (mitochondria): use the energy from stage 1 and 2 to charge 32-34 ATP; requires oxygen Overview of Cellular Respiration  Gross vs Net ATP Glycolysis (stage one) occurs first. It does not require oxygen, but it does require a little ATP to start. Glycolysis uses 2 ATP to make 4 ATP, so the GROSS production is 4 ATP, but the NET production = 2 ATP  No Oxygen Needed! Glycolysis is so fast that thousands of ATPs can be produced in a few milliseconds! Some small cells can survive with just glycolysis (ex: bacteria, yeast), and therefore NEVER need oxygen!  After Glycolysis If oxygen is present, then the products of glycolysis move on to the mitochondria for stages 2 and 3. There they will be further broken down to create MUCH more ATP energy. ATP Totals Glycolysis(anaerobic respiration) makes 2 ATP With O2, Aerobic Respiration (all three stages) makes 36-38 ATP Some energy will be lost as heat and used to maintain body temperature What if oxygen is NOT present? Respiration is BETTER with Oxygen! Without oxygen, cells have to switch to Anaerobic Respiration which is maintained through Fermentation. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration function energy capture energy releases location chloroplasts mitochondria reactants CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2 products C6H12O6 and O2 CO2 and H2O 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O equation energy energy