CDS 236- Culture and Related Terms.pptx

CDS 236 Communication Disorders & Cultural Diversity D R. D A L A L A L A L I  What is Culture? Culture is a set of values, beliefs, norms and social practices that socially define a group of people and affect their behaviours.  What Does Culture Invo...

CDS 236 Communication Disorders & Cultural Diversity D R. D A L A L A L A L I  What is Culture? Culture is a set of values, beliefs, norms and social practices that socially define a group of people and affect their behaviours.  What Does Culture Involve? Culture Involves: Beliefs, Values, Norms & Social Practices Beliefs: Refer to the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.  What Does Culture Involve? Culture Involves: Beliefs, Values, Norms & Social Practices Values: Cultural values reflect what a society believes is right or wrong. Values portray the standards that a society would like to live up to.  What Does Culture Involve? Norms: Refer to the perceived informal, mostly unwritten, rules that define acceptable and appropriate actions. within a given group or community, thus guiding human behaviour. Social practices: Are the predictable behaviour patterns that members of a culture typically follow.  What is Race? Refers to certain physical similarities that are shared by a group of people Political & societal term that was invented to justify economic & social distinctions. Can form the basis for biased and discriminatory communication  What is Ethnicity? The social definition of groups of people based on shared ancestry and culture. Ethnicity includes race and factors such as customs, nationality, language & heritage.  Culture is a Filter It influences people's actions and expectations of themselves. It impacts people's perceptions and expectations of others.  Cultural Variables that Influence Behaviour Many variables influence the behaviour of individuals within a culture including: Age Gender Education Socioeconomic status  Cultural Variables that Influence Behaviour Age Resistance to change: older individuals resist change more than younger individuals who are open to new ideas influenced by technology and diverse cultures. Power dynamics: older individuals hold more authority due to their experience, while younger individuals tend to conform to the expectations and decisions of their elders. Cultural preservation: older individuals feel a sense of responsibility to preserve traditions and practices, while younger individuals reinterpret traditions, resulting in behavioural changes.  Cultural Variables that Influence Behaviour Age Aging is perceived differently around the world Cultures treat their elderly differently and place different values on old age. In Eastern & Middle Eastern societies, adult children are expected to care for their aging parents In these societies the elders live with their children and very few live in nursing homes. In these societies putting parents in nursing homes is equivalent to neglect. When unable to care for themselves, parents should ideally move in with their children. Western societies tend to place an increased value on youth.  Cultural Variables that Influence Behaviour Gender Gender roles: Men are expected to be strong and women to be caring and focused on home and family. Power dynamics: Men usually having more authority and decision- making rights. Emotional expression: Men are often encouraged to hide their feelings, while women are expected to openly express emotions. Division of labour: Men tend to do physically demanding jobs, while women are responsible for childcare and household chores. Stereotype: Speech therapy is stereotypically seen as a female occupation, and working with children is perceived as feminine.  Cultural Variables that Influence Behaviour Gender Gender role expectations are shaped and developed very early on in childhood. Parents tell children how to behave based on their biological gender. Children grow and see parents, siblings and teachers as their role models. There are several factors that shape their gender identity including: o The toys they play with o The cartoons they watch o The stories they hear  Cultural Variables that Influence Behaviour Education Transmitting values and beliefs: Education passes on cultural values, beliefs and norms, connecting people with their culture and preserving cultural practices. Language and communication: Schools teach specific languages, promoting cultural identity and preserving language heritage. Cultural diversity and inclusion: Education exposes students to diverse cultures, fostering understanding, empathy, and appreciation for other cultures. It challenges biases and stereotypes, promoting inclusivity and respect. Shaping societal norms and values: Education teaches societal behaviour, ethics, and moral values.  Cultural Variables that Influence Behaviour Socioeconomic status Education: Higher socioeconomic backgrounds provide better educational opportunities Consumption patterns: Higher socioeconomic status allows for purchasing more luxurious items and indulging in travel and experiences. Social networks and relationships: Those with higher socioeconomic backgrounds often have influential contacts and connections, leading to increased opportunities and resources. Health and healthcare access: Lower socioeconomic status can lead to financial constraints and limited healthcare access, impacting healthcare-seeking behaviours.  Why Does Culture Exist? Culture exists to pass on knowledge, beliefs & traditions from one generation to another. It helps individuals to form their identity and sense of belonging. Culture provides a framework for social interaction and communication. Culture helps to shape values and norms within a society. Culture helps maintain social cohesion and unity within a community.  What Maintains a Culture? Language and communication are vital for preserving culture. It helps in sharing knowledge across generations Education systems transmit cultural norms, behaviours, and skills across generations. Arts, literature, music, and media contribute to cultural preservation. Institutions like museums & libraries play a key role in preserving & promoting culture.  Remember No one is entirely typical of the culture to which she/he belongs. Nor is culture the complete explanation for why people behave as they do. Culture is important, but not the only, explanation for people's conduct.  What is Culture Diversity? The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society. Cultural diversity recognises the existence of broad cultural groups within a culture.​  Monocultural individuals: Those who identify exclusively with a single cultural group. Bicultural individuals: Those who are fully proficient and comfortable with values and behaviours of two or more different cultures. Acculturation: When individuals adopt the cultural practices, beliefs, and customs of another society but not at the expense of their own culture. Assimilation: When individuals replace their cultural practices, beliefs, and customs with another culture.