Cardiovascular - Excretory Answer Keys PDF

Cardiovascular System Functions: 1. Delivering needed materials like nutrients and oxygen (O2) to other body cells. 2. Removing wastes such as carbon dioxide (CO2) from other body cells. 3. Fighting disease by transporting cells that attack disease causing microorganisms....

Cardiovascular System Functions: 1. Delivering needed materials like nutrients and oxygen (O2) to other body cells. 2. Removing wastes such as carbon dioxide (CO2) from other body cells. 3. Fighting disease by transporting cells that attack disease causing microorganisms. Define the function of major organs: Heart: muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system ★ List the 4 parts of the heart: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle Arteries: blood vessels that distribute oxygen-rich blood to your entire body Veins: blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart Superior Vena Cava: a large, significant vein responsible for returning deoxygenated blood collected from the body to the right atrium Inferior Vena Cava: your body's largest vein, carries oxygen-depleted blood back to your heart from the lower part of your body Aorta: large, cane-shaped vessel that delivers oxygen-rich blood to your body 1  Cardiovascular System Define the function of the following tissue: ★ Blood: the fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the body. ★ Plasma: the liquid portion of blood. Define the function of the following cells: ★ Capillaries: small blood vessels that the exchange of materials ★ between the blood and tissue cells ★ Red Blood Cells: carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout our body ★ White Blood Cells: They protect you against illness and disease. ★ Platelets: small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding 2  Respiratory System Functions: 1. The ability to breathe. 2. Transfers Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide into and out of the blood. Define the function of the major organs: ★ Lungs: Two organs that remove oxygen from the air and pass it into your blood. ★ Trachea/Windpipe: Passage connecting your throat and lungs. ★ Nose: Openings that pull air from outside your body into your respiratory system. ★ Bronchi: Small branches of the bronchial tubes that lead to the alveoli. ★ Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. ★ Diaphragm: Muscle that helps your lungs pull in air and push it out. 3  Respiratory System ★ What organelle relies on the respiratory system? Explain. The mitochondria relies on the oxygen obtained by the respiratory system to perform cellular respiration. 4  Digestive System Functions: 1. Digestion-break down food 2. Absorption- store food 3. Elimation- move the waste along to the excretory system Define the function of the Major Organs in the digestive system: 1. Mouth: where mechanical digestion (Chewing) and chemical digestion (saliva) begin 2. Esophagus: receives food from the mouth and connects to the stomach 3. Stomach: hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes_ 4. Liver: process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine using bile 5. Small Intestine: Made up of three segments — the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum — the small intestine is a 22-foot long muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymes 6. Large Intestine: the large intestine is fatter than the small intestine and it's almost the last stop on the digestive tract. 7. Rectum: holds stool for elimination ★ What organelle(s) rely on the digestive system? Why? The mitochondria because it needs sugar/glucose to make energy (ATP). 5  Digestive System Define the following terms: ★ Mechanical digestion: Food broken down through chewing ★ Chemical Digestion: uses water and digestive enzymes to break down the complex molecules 6  Excretory System Functions: 1. Removes metabolic wastes from cells 2. Removes waste from the body Define the function of the major organs in the excretory system: ★ Bladder: sac-like structure with muscular walls that holds urine ★ Kidney: paired, bean-shaped organs located in the abdomen_The kidneys take the majority of cellular waste from the body, transported to them via the bloodstream. They then produce urine and send it to the bladder for excretion. ★ Ureter: tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder ★ Liver: main detoxifying organ of the body_ ★ Lungs: carbon dioxide is a waste product that is removed from the cells and transferred to the bloodstream.When the blood reaches the gills or lungs, it is exchanged for oxygen and released ★ Skin: secondary excretory organ since sweat glands in the dermis can remove salts and some excess water 7  Excretory System ★ How is blood a part of the excretory system? the blood takes waste from the cells and transfers to kidneys to filter urea and other waste products from the blood. Define the following term: ★ Excretion: Disposal of waste products and forms a vital part of all biological cycles at the cellular level. What would happen to our cells if the excretory system didn’t remove waste from our body? The waste would back up and the body would become toxic and die. 8