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# Elements of Visual Design CHAPTER 4 113 ## Color Color is defined as a "phenomenon of perception"—what we perceive as colors are wavelengths of light. When an object is red, it's reflecting red wavelengths and absorbing other colors. The rose isn't red, it's reflecting red. Color theory and i...

# Elements of Visual Design CHAPTER 4 113 ## Color Color is defined as a "phenomenon of perception"—what we perceive as colors are wavelengths of light. When an object is red, it's reflecting red wavelengths and absorbing other colors. The rose isn't red, it's reflecting red. Color theory and its principles are crucial in design, interacting with other elements like lines, shapes, patterns, and textures. Color application is a significant design topic. Natural sunlight appears colorless to the human eye, but it's actually composed of white light. In 1665, Sir Isaac Newton discovered that a prism could refract light, changing its speed, and separating it into a spectrum of colors. Figure 4.21 shows how light rays exit a prism at varying speeds, creating a rainbow effect. Sunlight is composed of seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet (ROY G BIV). Red has the longest wavelength, and violet the shortest. The color of the sun, moon, and sky can vary throughout the day due to changes in distance, angle of refraction, and interaction with atmospheric particles. Newton's color wheel helped visualize his discovery. A rotating disc with the seven colors, when spun rapidly, created the illusion of white. This disc represents the interconnectedness of colors, forming the foundation of color theory.