Maryland Colony History - Textbook PDF

) FOUNDING MARVLAN~ This painting shows an artist's view of the founding of Maryland. Why do you think people are shown carrying a cross? Maryland and the owner of the new colony. He called the co...

) FOUNDING MARVLAN~ This painting shows an artist's view of the founding of Maryland. Why do you think people are shown carrying a cross? Maryland and the owner of the new colony. He called the colony Maryland. The Maryland Colony was founded by Cecilius Calvert chose his brother, the Calverts, a family of wealthy English Leonard, to be Maryland's first gover- landowners. The Calverts, who were Cath- nor. The Calvert brothers had learned olic, wanted to build a colony in North from the bad experiences at Jamestown, America that would make money. They in the Virginia Colony, and they planned also wanted a refuge for Catholics. Like their colony carefully. There would be no the Quakers, Catholics in England could "starving time" in Maryland. not worship as they wished. In 1633, the Calverts sent the first group of colonists to Maryland. Most of The Calverts these colonists came as indentured ser- George Calvert, also called Lord vants. Their ships landed near the mouth Baltimore, had invested in the Virginia of the Potomac River. There, the colonists Company. Calvert asked King Charles I founded their first settlement, now called to give him a charter for a new colony St. Mary's City. along Chesapeake Bay, north of Virginia. Calvert died before the charter was iM·1'11f11!11!lWI@ 6SUMMARIZE sigr,: :-f in 1632. His oldest son, Cecilius What were the reasons for the founding of the Calvert became the new Lord Baltimore Maryland Colony? Chapter 7 253  > THE TOLERATION ACT helped protect the rights of Catholics in Maryland, but by the late 1600s, Protestants ruled the colony. Life in Maryland Government In the early 1700s, Virginia was the and Virginia " I largest English colony in North America. The Maryland Colony had much in In 1699, Williamsburg became its capital. common with its neighbor, Virginia. Virginia and Maryland had similar The two colonies, separated by the governments. Both colonies had gover- Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River, nors and elected assemblies. However, shared a mild climate. Tobacco grew in the king controlled the royal colony of the fertile soil along the Coastal Plain. Virginia, while the Calverts controlled the proprietary colony of Maryland. Farming Some colonists in Maryland became In 1649, Maryland passed the Toleration Act, which gave religious rich from growing tobacco on large plan- tations. However, most colonists strug- freedom to all Christians in the col- gled to make a living on small farms. ony. Over time, many members of the Many of Maryland's farmers had come Anglican Church settled in Maryland·.. I to the colony as indentured servants. In 1702, it became the colony's off1e1a Maryland's government helped former church. servants by giving them land, clothes, READING CHECK COMPARE AND CONTRAc\ tools, and barrels of com. 1 What features did Maryland and Virginia. i~818 ' 254 Unit 3  fhe Carolina Colonies rnoney by growing tobacco. The land was.As rnore people moved to Maryland too Wet Tu·. · mgs changed when enslaved Virginia, some colonists moved African workers brought with them the aJld south t rnore land. In 1663, England's ~owledge of how to successfully grow w ge ~w. 0 Charles II, granted land for anoth nee. Rice soon became South Carolina's ~~ called Carolina.. ~ rn t · (01 0 nyI os important crop, and enslaved peo- ple became a large part of its population. Lords Proprietor_s. READING CHECK 6SUMMARIZE 1ne charter d1v1ded Carolina among eight English leaders called the Lords Why was the Carolina Colony hard to govern? proprietors. In 1669, they adopted a constitution, or a written plan of govem- rnent, for Carolina. This let free white rnale colonists choose some leaders and rnake some laws. Still, most of the power belonged to the proprietors and the king. The Carolina Colony soon became hard to govern. It was large, and the colo- y esapeake burg nists often did not follow laws they did :TAN lk not like. In 1712, the Lords Proprietors split the colony into North Carolina and NORT E Cape South Carolina. In hilly North Carolina, Hatte111s farmers grew tobacco and com. Farmers so CAROLINA ·1 I gt mm on EE Cape Fear in South Carolina had trouble making ATLANTIC OCEAN 6 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Tobacco - Present-day border 'W (below) was mostly grown in the upper South. CREEK Native American What city on the map is farthest north? tribe  J Georgia England, France, and King George II gave Oglethorpe a charte f r or last of the 13 Engli h the s co, It was called Geor. 'onir,'l. g1a Spain all claimed the honor of the king. 1n' 1n · area to the south of the first group of 1733, COJo. South Carolina. By 1727, founded the settle tlis~ England's new ruler, King Savannah. lll.entOf George II, knew that to Slavery gain control of the area, he had to send colonists there. The leaders of Georo;.. o a lini A wealthy English leader ited the size of farms anct ct· · Id named James Oglethorpe had E not allow slavery. As a resuJ ) JAMES OGLETHORP Georgia had no plantations t, an idea. Why not send English debtors-people who had been However, the settlers were divided · put in prison for owing money-to in their views about slavery. In 175} settle a new colony? The settlers would Georgia's leaders decided to allow ;1av. defend the land against other countries. ery. Over time, Georgia's economy, like Oglethorpe also hoped to give the debt- that of all the other Southern Colonies ors a chance to start a new life. He wrote, grew as a result of plantations and the, labor of enslaved Africans. ,, By such a Colony, many families, who would otherwise starve, will / READING CHECK MAIN IDEA ANO DETAILS be provided for, and made masters Why did James Oglethorpe found the Georgia of houses and lands.'' Colony?  Heading West trail, it became wide enough for wagons arly 1700s, most towns, farms to use. This trail became known as the {1 1 the e.. ' Great Wagon Road. d plantations m the English colonies The Great Wagon Road passed through a!1 re es tablished near the coast, on the the Shenandoah Valley and along the we 1Plain. At that time, few colo- C03sta d settled in the Piedmont-the eastern side of the Blue Ridge Mountains. ·5ts ha It was the only way to get wagons loaded Jll d be tween the Coastal Plain and the 1311 with household goods to the backcountry. alachian Mountains. Settlers called APP1and the backcountry because it was this Elt ii)Wiiilllk U 6SUMMARIZE beyond, or "in back of," the area settled Why was it hard to reach the backcountry? byEuropeans. The Great Wagon Road. The thick forests, steep hills, and few roads made travel to the backcountry n : hard However, by the mid-1700s, many settlers were moving west of the Coastal Plain. From Pennsylvania, large numbers Jr sburg lk ', of German immigrants began to move 1 into the backcountry of Virginia and the Carolinas. The settlers followed a Native American trail. As more people used the 50 lOO Miles 100 Kilometers I Equal-Area Projection  I I , ources Long house Ceremonial dance circle NatjJ,.e,.~m.erij~run ~ Backg-;.,und This drawing of a Na~ive American village in North Carolina was made by John White, an English colonist, in the 1580s. I I [Bi) Document-Based Question Why do I you think the Native Americans planted crops I close to their homes? ,, cheated these Indians Conflicts with in trading, and would not / Native Americans allow them to hunt near their plantations.... ,, Thousands of Cherokee, Creek, Powhatan, and other Native American In 1711, their land losses caused the tribes lived in areas that became the Tuscarora to attack several settlements. Southern Colonies. As more Europeans The Tuscarora hoped to scare off the arrived, they built their settlements on settlers, but their attacks led to the Native American lands. As in the New England Colonies, conflicts arose between Tuscarora War. When the war finally Native Americans and settlers. ended in 1713, about 950 Tuscarora had been either killed or captured and sold The Tuscarora War into slavery. In North Carolina, for example, Settlers in the Southern Colonies kept German and Swiss settlers destroyed the pushing Native. Amencans. off their !ands. Tuscarora village to build a new settle- Some were captured and sent to the Wes! ment. Some colonists believed that the Indies to work on sugarcane planta- remaining Native Americans were not tions. Others died fighting the colonis~ treated justly, either. One settler said that over land or trade. Even peaceful Nabve rs the other colonists had American groups died in large nurnbe 258 Unit 3