Colonial America Packet PDF

# Colonial America ## Front Page The front page of the document has the title "Colonial America" centered at the top of the page. Below the title, there are four images depicting people in different types of clothing: * A man with a feathered hat, a coat and pants * A woman wearing a long dress a...

# Colonial America ## Front Page The front page of the document has the title "Colonial America" centered at the top of the page. Below the title, there are four images depicting people in different types of clothing: * A man with a feathered hat, a coat and pants * A woman wearing a long dress and a shawl * A woman wearing a dress * Two figures, likely a husband and wife, dressed in the latest European fashion ## Back Page * The back page of the document has the title "COLONIAL AMERICA" at the top of the page. * Below that, there is an image of a map showing the 13 colonies. * Below the map, there is a section titled "Key Terms" * The "Key Terms" section is divided into three columns. * The first column has the following terms: **Settlement, Persecution, Interference, Specialization, Plantation, Artisan, Enforce, Legislature.** * The second column has the following terms: **Colony, Puritans, Debtor, Interdependence, Slavery, Impose, Appoint, Enslave.** * The third column has the following terms: **Separatists, Quakers, Resources, Civic Life, Indentured Servant, Raw, Proprietor, Tax.** ## Essential SOL Standards * **USI.5.a** Describing the religious and economic events and conditions that led to the colonization of America. * **USI.5.b** Describing life in the New England, Mid-Allantic, and Southern colonies, with emphasis on how people interacted with their environment to produce goods and services. * **USI.5.c** Describing specialization of and interdependence among New England, Mid-Allantic, and Southern colonies. * **USI.5.d** Describing colonial life in America from the perspectives of large landowners, farmers, artisans, merchants, women, free African Americans, indentured servants, and enslaved African Americans. ## Vocabulary This section of the book contains definitions of keywords related to Colonial America. The definitions are arranged in boxes separated by thick black lines. * **Religious Freedom: ** The right to practice religious beliefs freely. * **Economic Freedom: ** To be free of debt from any person or organization. * **Economic Venture:** An attempt to make money. * **Quakers:** Religious group who settled in Pennsylvania under the leadership of William Penn. * **Separatist:** Religious group who wanted to leave the Church of England; settled in Plymouth Colony. * **Debtor:** A person who owes money to another person or institution. * **Puritans:** Religious group who wanted to reform, or change, the Church of England; settled in Massachusetts Bay. * **Manufactured goods:** goods that are made so people can use them in their everyday lives. * **Specialization:** Focusing on the production of only one or a few products. * **Interdependence:** Two or more people depending on each other for goods and services. ## Colonies In The Early 1600s This section features a table of colonial settlements established in the early 1600s, along with prompts for the reader to consider about the settlements. * **Roanoke Island** * **Jamestown** * **Plymouth Colony** * **Massachusetts Bay Colony** * **Pennsylvania** * **Georgia** ## Colonial Settlement Timeline * This section features a vertical line timeline showing the dates of settlement for the 13 colonies. * The timeline runs from the year 1500 to 1750. * Dates are highlighted in a box in red for the following settlements, with the settlement name directly above: * Roanoke (1585) * Jamestown (1607) * Plymouth (1620) * Massachusetts Bay (1628) * Pennsylvania (1682) * Georgia (1733) ## Colonial Regions This section features a map of the 13 colonies, highlighting the borders of the three regions, divided by black lines: * New England Colonies * Middle Atlantic Colonies * Southern Colonies The map has a compass at the bottom (N, S, E, W) and also shows the present-day borders of the US. ## Escaping Persecution This section of the book contains a text explaining the history of the Pilgrims and Puritans. * The Pilgrims were Separatists who wanted to separate from the Church of England and establish a new society where their religious beliefs would be respected. They settled in Plymouth Colony in 1620. * The Puritans were a group of Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England, rather than separate from it entirely. They settled in Massachusetts Bay in 1630. * The text then touches on other colonists who came to the New World to escape religious persecution, including: * John Winthrop, who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. * Lord Baltimore, who founded the colony of Maryland for Catholics. * Thomas Hooker, who founded Connecticut after leaving Massachusetts. * Roger Williams, who founded Rhode Island after being exiled from Massachusetts. * William Penn, who founded Pennsylvania for Quakers. ## Puritans vs Pilgrims * This section features a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting the beliefs of Puritans and Pilgrims. ## Colonial Times This section of the book covers the history of the 13 colonies, from their founding to the late 1700s. * The text begins with the early arrival of explorers in North America around the year 1500. * The text explains that colonies are not independent countries, but rather territories belonging to a larger country. * The text explains that the first English settlement in North America, Jamestown, was founded in 1619. * By 1760, there were 13 English colonies in America. * The 13 colonies are then categorized into three regions, shown in a map: * The New England Colonies: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Maine (not pictured) was part of Massachusetts until 1820, when it became its own state. * The Middle Colonies: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. * The Southern Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. ## Colonial Products This section of the book focuses on the trading activity of the 13 colonies. * Trading goods helped the colonies prosper. * The different products produced in each region are listed: * New England: whaling, fishing, shipbuilding, furs, lumber. * Middle: furs, grains, lumber. * Southern: grain, tobacco, fishing, indigo, lumber, rice ## The New England Colonies This section of the book focuses on the New England colony and its people. * The text describes the geography of the region: bordered by New York State, Canada, the Atlantic Ocean, and Long Island Sound. * The text states that industry and tourism have overshadowed the historical importance of fishing and shipbuilding in this region. * Major events of American history occurred in New England, including the start of the Revolution. * The text describes the challenges faced by the colonists in this region: very cold winters and mild summers, as well as rocky terrain that was not very good for farming. This forced them to live in smaller homes, huddled together in small villages. * The New England colonies attracted religious refugees seeking to escape persecution by the Church of England. * John Calvin was the driving force behind the Protestant followers who landed in the New World. * The Pilgrims, seeking escape from persecution, established Plymouth Colony in 1620. * The Puritans, also Calvinists, established Massachusetts Bay in 1629. * The text explains that the Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England from within, while the Pilgrims wanted to separate from it entirely. * The text discusses how the Puritans spread to other regions, including Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, upstate New York, and Eastern Ohio. * The churches served as social centers, hosting town meetings and celebrations, and even sometimes school functions. ## The New England Region * This section features a prompt for the reader to draw a picture of the New England region. * The prompt then asks the reader to complete a table answering questions about the region, including: * Describe the geography of the region. * Describe what daily life was like in the region. * How were laws decided? * How did the colonists make their money? * What was the climate of the region? * What was the religious life like in this region? * Any other interesting facts. ## New England Colonies: Resources and Interdependence This section of the book features a table with prompts for the reader to list out the resources, both human and natural, of the New England colonies. * **Resources: ** * Natural Resources: * 1. * 2. * 3. * Human Resources: * 1. * 2. * 3. * **Drawing: ** * **Examples of Interdependence: ** * The New England colonies depended on the Southern colonies for... ## The Mid-Atlantic Colonies This section of the book focuses on the Mid-Atlantic colonies and its people. * Also known as the "Breadbasket Colonies", because of the fertile land that flourished in the region. * Known for wheat, corn, and rye crops as well as producing money through trade in the main market towns. * William Penn settled Pennsylvania in 1682 for people from all religious backgrounds. * His policies of religious liberty and freehold ownership meant that farmers owned their land. * The majority of settlers were English and Welsh Quakers. * The text then lists some of the skilled workers found in this region: shipwrights, butchers, coopers, seamstresses, shoemakers, bakers, carpenters, masons. * The text notes that many of these workers had to operate in teams, and often passed their skills on to their children. * Farmers relied on market towns to trade their crops and livestock. * Philadelphia became the largest and wealthiest city in the English colonies. ## The Mid-Atlantic Region * This section features a prompt for the reader to draw a picture of the Mid-Atlantic region. * The prompt then asks the reader to complete a table answering questions about the region, including: * Describe the geography of the region. * Describe the lifestyle of the people in the Mid-Atlantic region. * How did the colonists make their money? * What was the climate of the region? * Any other interesting facts. ## Mid-Atlantic Colonies: Resources and Interdependence This section of the book features a table with prompts for the reader to list out the resources, both human and natural, of the Mid-Atlantic colonies. * **Resources: ** * Natural Resources: * 1. * 2. * Human Resources: * 1. * 2. * 3. * **Drawing: ** * **Examples of Interdependence: ** * The Mid-Atlantic colonies traded with the New England and Southern colonies to... * The Mid-Atlantic colonies depended on the Southern colonies for... * The Mid-Atlantic colonies depended on the New England colonies for... ## The Southern Colonies This section of the book focuses on the Southern colonies and its people. * King James granted the Virginia Company a charter in 1607, establishing the first English settlement in the region. * In addition to Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina all make up the southern region. * The region is known for its Atlantic Coastal Plains, with its good harbors, many rivers and humid climate. * The Southern Colonies are known for their large plantations. * Plantations grew cash crops such as tobacco, indigo, and rice. * Plantations were self-sufficient, with facilities like the planter's mansion, slave's cabins, cattle pen, overseer's house, stable, tobacco barn, kitchen, office, and smokehouse on the property. * Those who could not afford to build a plantation operated small farms. * The text emphasizes how reliant Southern colonies were on slavery as the primary source of labor for these plantations, and notes the harsh realities of enslaved life. * The text discusses the minimal development of cities in this region, as most of the land was used for agriculture. * More farmland was needed for crops, so people moved inland and small towns developed. * Most of the towns were County seats. * The text lists the importance of County seats, as the location where families gathered for church services, held social events and traded goods. * The text notes that slavery was an active practice in County seats, as slaves were bought and sold for the purpose of maintaining labor on the plantations. * The text also mentions that nearly all Southerners belonged to the Church of England. ## The Southern Region * This section features a prompt for the reader to draw a picture of the Southern region. * The prompt then asks the reader to complete a table answering questions about the region, including: * Describe the geography of the region. * Describe the lifestyle of the people in the Southern region. * How did the colonists make their money? * What was the climate of the region? * Any other interesting facts. ## Southern Colonies: Resources and Interdependence This section of the book features a table with prompts for the reader to list out the resources, both human and natural, of the Southern colonies. * **Resources: ** * Natural Resources: * 1. * 2. * 3. * 4. * Human Resources: * 1. * 2. * **Drawing: ** * **Examples of Interdependence: ** * The Southern colonies depended on the New England colonies for... * The Southern colonies depended on the Mid-Atlantic colonies for... ## The Colonial Regions - USI 5b * This section features a table with prompts for the reader to compare and contrast the different regions of the colonies. * The table has the following headings: * New England * Mid-Atlantic * Southern * The table asks the reader to fill in the different categories of each region. * Geography & Climate * Economy * Social Life * Political & Civic Life ## Complete the Chart * This section provides a list of 24 phrases describing different aspects of colonial life. * The reader is asked to match the phrases to the correct category in the chart provided on the previous page. ## Specialization * This section defines the concept of specialization, which was a key factor in the colonial economy. * The text defines specialization as "the focus on one or a few products". * The text uses the example of a colonial village to illustrate how specialization could benefit a community by focusing on the unique talents of individual workers. * The text then explores the concept of "interdependence", which is caused by specialization. * The text explains that interdependence occurs when people rely on each other to obtain the goods and services they need. * The text uses the example of a colonial family building a house to demonstrate how relying on the skills of others can be beneficial. ## Interdependence * The section defines interdependence as: ”two or more people (or groups of people) who depend on each other for goods and services.” * The text further explains how the colonists in the New World relied heavily on each other for survival and trade. * Two examples of interdependence are provided: * Portuguese Explorers relied on West Africans for salt, gold and slaves, while West Africans relied on the Explorers for manufactured goods. * European Explorers relied on American Indians for furs and crops, while the American Indians relied on the Europeans for manufactured goods. ## Colonial Life * The section provides a table focusing on the social and political life of the 13 colonies. * The table shows that the colonies were inhabited by different social groups: * Enslaved Africans * Free African Americans * Indentured Servants * Large landowners * Artisans * Women * Merchants * The table then provides a description of each group, focusing on their social and political experiences, including: * their means of making a living. * their rights and freedoms. * their access to power. ## Economic and Political Relationships Between Great Britain And The Colonies * This section uses a diagram to illustrate the complex relationship between Great Britain and the 13 colonies. * The diagram is divided into two sections: economic and political relationships. * The diagram shows that: * Great Britain imposed strict control over trade. * Great Britan taxed the colonies after the French and Indian War. * The colonies traded raw materials for goods made in Great Britain. * The diagram also shows that: * Colonists had to obeyer British laws. * Colonial governors were appointed by the king or the proprietor. * A colonial legislature made laws for each colony but was monitored by the colonial governor. ## Study Guide for SOL 1.5a, b, c * This section of the document provides a study guide in the form of questions about the colonial period. * The section asks the reader to answer questions in the following categories: * SOL 1.5 a Essential Question: Why did Europeans establish colonies in North America? * SOL 1.5 b Essential Questions: How did climate, geographic features, and other available resources distinguish the three regions from each other? How did people use the natural resources of their region to earn a living? What are the benefits of specialization and trade? * Specialization: Define specialization. In what ways did the New England Colonies specialize? In what ways did the Middle Colonies specialize? In what ways did the Southern Colonies specialize? * Interdependence: Define interdependence. What are examples of how New England colonies were interdependent on the other colonies? What are examples of how the Middle Colonies were interdependent on the other colonies? What are examples of how the Southern colonies were interdependent on the other colonies? ## Colonial America: Vocabulary Development * This section of the document features two vocabulary exercises, in the format of Magic Number Squares. * **Colonial America 1** * This Magic Number Square asks the reader to match nine vocabulary terms to nine definitions. * Terms: * Self-government * Royal Colony * Strict * Taxed * Libel * Proprietor * Imposed * Ally * Appointed * Definitions: * 1. One to whom you have entered into an alliance to provide help and support, especially during war. * 2. A system of government in which people make their own laws. * 3. An owner and often manager of a business. * 4. Exacting in enforcement, observance, or requirement. * 5. The act of presenting false information that damages a person's reputation. * 6. Established or applied as compulsory; levied. * 7. Assessed money to be paid to support the work of the government. * 8. Selected or designated to fill an office or position * 9. A colony controlled by a monarch. * **Colonial America 2** * This Magic Number Square asks the reader to match nine vocabulary terms to nine definitions. * Terms: * Enslaved African American * Plantations * Merchant * Landowner * Terrain * Town Meeting * Artisan * Assembly * Cede * Definitions: * 1. One who owns land. * 2. One who runs a retail business; a shopkeeper. * 3. A group of persons gathered together for a common reason, as for a legislative, religious, educational, or social purpose. * 4. To surrender possession of, especially by treaty. * 5. The surface features of an area of land. * 6. Persons who are owned by and forced to work for someone else. * 7. A large farm or estate on which crops are raised, often by resident workers. * 8. A skilled manual worker; a craftsperson. * **Colonial America 3** * This Magic Number Square asks the reader to match nine vocabulary terms to nine definitions. * Terms: * Colony * Governor * Faith * Pacifist * Pilgrim * Separatist * Diverse * Persecution * Interaction * Definitions: * 1. An official appointed to govern a colony or territory. * 2. The process of two or more things coming into contact and their effect on each other. * 3. A believer in a peaceful settlement of a conflict. * 4. Different * 5. A person who makes a journey for a religious reason. * 6. The set of teachings of a religion. * 7. A person who wants to become or remain separate from a government or group. * 8. A settlement or group of settlements ruled by another country. * 9. The oppression or harassment of people for their politics, religion, or race. * **Colonial America 4** * This Magic Number Square asks the reader to match nine vocabulary terms to nine definitions. * Terms: * Stock * Cash Crop * Economic Venture * Indentured Servant * Export * Slave * Servant * Jagged * Import * Civic Life * Definitions: * 1. A person who agrees to work for another person without pay for a certain length of time. * 2. Marked by irregular projections and indentations on the edge or surface. * 3. A crop that people raise to sell rather than to use themselves. * 4. A share or investment in a company or business. * 5. A person who is owned by and forced to work for someone else. * 6. Part of life connected to the duties and obligations of belonging to a community. * 7. To bring in goods or materials from a foreign country for trade or sale. * 8. A business enterprise involving some risk in expectation of gain. * 9. To send or transport a commodity abroad, especially for trade or sale. ## Colonial America Study Guide * This section of the document is a study guide for understanding the 13 colonies. * The study guide is divided into the following sections: * Terms to Know: * Resources: Natural, Capital, or Human * Specialization * Interdependence * Why Did Europeans Establish Colonies In North America? * Economic Reasons * Religious Reasons * Colony Information * How Did Climate And Geographic Features Distinguish The Three Regions From Each Other? * How Did People Use The Resources Of Their Region To Earn A Living? * What Are The Benefits Of Specialization And Trade? * Colonial Specialization * How Did Political And Social Life Evolve In Each Of The Three Regions? * How Did Great Britain Impose Political And Economic Control Over The Colonies? * **Terms To Know** Section * *Resources: Natural, Capital, or Human* (The available supply of these items) * *Specialization* (Focusing on one or a few products) * *Interdependence* (Two or more people depending on each other for goods and services) * **Why Did Europeans Establish Colonies In North America?** * Economic Reasons: Financial or money-related. * Religious Reasons: Having to do with spiritual beliefs, values, and practices. * **Colony Information** * Roanoke Island: Lost colony, established as an economic venture. * Jamestown Settlement: The first permanent English settlement in North America (1607). * Plymouth Colony: an economic venture by the Virginia Company, settled by separatists from the Church of England who wanted to avoid religious persecution. * Massachusetts Bay Colony: settled by the Puritans to avoid religious persecution. * Pennsylvania: settled by the Quakers who wanted freedom to practice their faith without interference. * Georgia: was settled by people who had been in debtors' prisons in England and hoped to experience economic freedom and start a new life in the New World. * **How Did Climate And Geographic Features Distinguish The Three Regions From Each Other?** * New England: Appalachian Mountains, Boston harbor, hilly terrain, rocky soil, jagged coastline, moderate summers, cold winters. * Mid-Atlantic: Appalachian Mountains, coastal lowlands, harbors and bays, mild winters and moderate climate, wide and deep rivers. * Southern: Appalachian Mountains, Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, good harbors and rivers, humid climate with mild winters and hot summers. * **How Did People Use The Resources Of Their Region To Earn A Living?** * New England: Timber, fish, deep harbors, skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, shipbuilders, tools, buildings. * Mid-Atlantic: Rich farmlands, rivers, unskilled and skilled workers, fishermen, tools, buildings. * Southern: Fertile farmlands, rivers, harbors, farmers, enslaved African Americans, tools, buildings. * **What Are The Benefits Of Specialization And Trade?** * *Specialization* (Focusing on one or a few products) * *Interdependence*: (Two or more people depending on each other for goods and services). * **Colonial Specialization** * This section features a table highlighting the unique specialization and interdependence between different colonies. * New England: Fishing, shipbuilding, naval supplies, metal tools and equipment, livestock and grains, crops such as tobacco, rice, cotton, and indigo, and for forest products such as lumber, tar, and pitch. * Mid-Atlantic: Livestock, grains, fish, metal tools and equipment, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and forest products. * Southern: Tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, forest products (lumber, tar, pitch), manufactured goods, including metal tools and equipment, grains and other agricultural products not plentiful in the South. * **How Did Political And Social Life Evolve In Each Of The Three Regions?** * New England: Villages and churches were centers of life, religious reformers and separatists, civic life: town meetings. * Mid-Atlantic: Villages and cities, varied and diverse lifestyles, diverse religions, civic life: market towns. * Southern: Plantations (slavery), mansions, indentured servants, fewer cities, fewer schools, Church of England, civic life: counties. * **How Did Great Britain Impose Political And Economic Control Over The Colonies?** * Great Britain imposed strict control over trade, colonists had to obey British laws, which were enforced by governors. * Great Britain taxed the colonies after the French and Indian War, colonial governors were appointed by the king or by the proprietor. * The colonies traded raw materials for goods made in Great Britain, a colonial legislature made laws for each colony but was monitored by the colonial governor. The document you attached is a study guide on Colonial America. It provides a framework for understanding the different colonies in the region, including: - their geographical features - their resources (natural, capital and human) - their distinctive economic activities - the social and political structures that emerged It highlights the key role that **specialization** and **interdependence** played in shaping the colonial economy, and also points to the complex relationship between Great Britain and the colonies.