Class 12 Bharat Log Aur Arthvyavastha Chapter 1 PDF
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This document appears to be a chapter from a textbook on geography. It discusses the distribution and characteristics of the Indian population.
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bdkbZ I yksx fdlh ns'k osQ vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ ?kVd gksrs gSaA vè;k; 1 Hkkjr viuh 121-0 djksM+ (2011) tula[;k osQ lkFk phu osQ ckn fo'o esa nwljk l?kure clk gqvk ns'k gSA...
bdkbZ I yksx fdlh ns'k osQ vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ ?kVd gksrs gSaA vè;k; 1 Hkkjr viuh 121-0 djksM+ (2011) tula[;k osQ lkFk phu osQ ckn fo'o esa nwljk l?kure clk gqvk ns'k gSA Hkkjr dh tula[;k mÙkj vesfjdk] nf{k.k vesfjdk vkSj vkLVªsfy;k dh feykdj oqQy tula[;k ls Hkh vfèkd gSA izk;% ;g roZQ fn;k tkrk gS fd bruh cM+h tula[;k fuf'pr rkSj ij blosQ lhfer lalkèkuksa ij ncko Mkyrh gS vkSj ns'k esa vusd lkekftd] vkfFkZd leL;kvksa osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gSaA tula[;k Hkkjr osQ fopkj ls vkidks D;k vuqHkwfr gksrh gS\ D;k ;g osQoy ,d {ks=k gS\ D;k ;g yksxksa osQ forj.k] ?kuRo] o`f¼ vkSj la?kVu lfEeJ.k dks izdV djrk gS\ D;k ;g 'kklu dh fuf'pr laLFkkvksa osQ fu;a=k.k esa jg jgs yksxksa ls clk gqvk ,d {ks=k gS\ bl vè;k; esa ge Hkkjr dh tula[;k osQ forj.k izfr:i] ?kuRo] o`f¼ vkSj la?kVu osQ ckjs esa foospuk djsxa As tula[;k vk¡dM+ksa osQ lzksr gekjs ns'k esa tula[;k osQ vk¡dM+ksa dks izfr nl o"kZ ckn gksus okyh tux.kuk }kjk ,df=kr fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr dh igyh tux.kuk 1872 bZ- esa gqbZ Fkh foaQrq igyh laiw.kZ tux.kuk 1881 bZ- esa laiUu gqbZ FkhA tula[;k dk forj.k fp=k 1-1 dk ijh{k.k dhft, vkSj bl ij n'kkZ, x, tula[;k osQ LFkkfud forj.k osQ izfr:iksa osQ o.kZu djus dk iz;kl dhft,A ;g Li"V gS fd Hkkjr esa tula[;k osQ forj.k dk izfr:i vR;fèkd vle gSA ns'k esa jkT;ksa vkSj osaQnz&'kkflr izns'kksa dk tula[;k esa izfr'kr va'k (ifjf'k"V d) n'kkZrk gS fd mÙkj izns'k dh tula[;k lokZfèkd gS] blosQ i'pkr egkjk"Vª] fcgkj vkSj if'pe caxky dk LFkku gSA Rationalised 2023-24 fp=k 1-1 % Hkkjr & tula[;k dk forj.k 2 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk Rationalised 2023-24 izns'kksa esa ”kehu vkSj ty tSls izko`Qfrd lalkèkuksa esa] mi;ksx osQ dkj.k fuEuhdj.k gqvk gS] fiQj Hkh ekuo cLrh osQ ifjf'k"V d esa fn, x, vk¡dM+ksa dks ns[krs gq, Hkkjr osQ jkT;ksa vkSj vkjafHkd bfrgkl vkSj ifjogu tky&ra=k osQ fodkl osQ osaQnz&'kkflr izns'kksa dks muosQ vkdkj vkSj tula[;k dh n`f"V ls O;ofLFkr dhft, vkSj irk yxkb, % dkj.k tula[;k dk lkanz.k mPp cuk gqvk gSA nwljh vksj fnYyh] eqacbZ] dksydkrk] casxywjQ] iq.ks] vgenkckn] psUubZ fo'kky vkdkj vkSj fo'kky tula[;k okys jkT; vkSj osQa nz&'kkflr izn's k vkSj t;iqj osQ uxjh; {ks=k vkS|ksfxd fodkl vkSj uxjhdj.k osQ dkj.k cM+h la[;k esa xzkeh.k&uxjh; izokfl;ksa dks vkdf"kZr fo'kky vkdkj foaQrq y?kq tula[;k okys jkT; vkSj osQa nz&'kkflr izn's k dj jgs gSaA blfy, bu {ks=kksa esa tula[;k dk mPp lkanz.k vis{kko`Qr y?kq vkdkj vkSj fo'kky tula[;k okys jkT; vkSj ik;k tkrk gSA osaQnz&'kkflr izns'k tula[;k dk ?kuRo rkfydk ifjf'k"V (d) ls tk¡p dhft, fd rfeyukMq] eè; tula[;k osQ ?kuRo dks izfr bdkbZ {ks=k esa O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k izns'k] jktLFkku] dukZVd vkSj xqtjkr osQ lkFk mÙkj izns'k] }kjk vfHkO;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA blls Hkwfe osQ lanHkZ esa egkjk"Vª] fcgkj] if'pe caxky vkSj vkaèkz izn's k dh tula[;k tula[;k osQ LFkkfud forj.k dks csgrj us esa feydj ns'k dh oqQy tula[;k dk 76 izfr'kr Hkkx gSA lgk;rk feyrh gSA Hkkjr dk tula[;k ?kuRo 382 O;fDr nwljh vksj tEew vkSj d'ehj (1-04»)] v#.kkpy izns'k izfr oxZ fd-eh- (2011) gS 1951 bZ- esa tula[;k dk ?kuRo (0-84») vkSj mÙkjk[k.M (0-83») tSls jkT;ksa dh tula[;k 117 O;fDr@oxZ fd-eh- ls ckj[kaM] vksfM'kk (>kj[kaM) vkSj ifjogu tky osQ fodkl (izk;}hih; jkT;ks)a osQ esa eè;e ?kuRo ik;k tkrk gSA fgeky; izns'k osQ ioZrh; ifj.kkeLo:i mu {ks=kksa esa tks igys fojy tula[;k {ks=k Fks os jkT;ksa vkSj vle dks NksM+dj Hkkjr osQ mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa vc tula[;k ds eè;e~ ls mPp laosQUnz.k osQ {ks=k gks x, gSaA vis{kko`Qr fuEu ?kuRo gSa tcfd vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hiksa tula[;k forj.k osQ lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj ,sfrgkfld dks NksM+dj osaQnz&'kkflr izns'kksa esa tula[;k osQ mPp ?kuRo dkjdksa esa ls egÙoiw.kZ dkjd LFkk;h o`Qf"k dk mn~Hko vkSj ik, tkrs gSa A o`Qf"k fodkl] ekuo cLrh osQ izfr:i] ifjogu tky&ra=k dk tula[;k dk ?kuRo] tSlk fd igys osQ vuqPNsnksa esa fodkl] vkS|ksxhdj.k vkSj uxjhdj.k gSaA ,slk ns[kk x;k gS ppkZ dh tk pqdh gS] ,d v'kksfèkr eki gSA oqQy o`Qf"kr fd Hkkjr osQ unh; eSnkuksa vkSj rVh; {ks=kksa esa fLFkr izn's k lnSo Hkwfe ij tula[;k osQ ncko osQ lanHkZ esa ekuo Hkwfe vuqikr gh fo'kky tula[;k lkanz.k okys izns'k jgs gSaA ;|fi bu osQ csgrj ifjKku osQ fy, dkf;d vkSj o`Q"kh; ?kuRoksa dks tula[;k % forj.k] ?kuRo] o`f¼ vkSj la?kVu 3 Rationalised 2023-24 fp=k 1-2 % Hkkjr & tula[;k dk ?kuRo 4 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk Rationalised 2023-24 Kkr djuk pkfg, tks Hkkjr tSls fo'kky o`Qf"k tula[;k okys vfHkizfs jr (Induced) A tcfd izko`Qfrd o`f¼ dk fo'ys"k.k ns'k osQ fy, lkFkZd gSa (ns[ksa ckWDl)A v'kksfèkr tUe vkSj e`R;q njksa ls fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS] vfHkizfs jr ?kVdksa dks fdlh fn, x, {ks=k esa yksxksa osQ varoZrhZ vkSj cfgoZrhZ lapyu dh izcyrk }kjk Li"V fd;k tkrk gSA dkf;d ?kuRo ¾ oqQy tula[;k @ fuoy o`Qf"kr {ks=kA fiQj Hkh] bl vè;k; esa ge Hkkjr dh tula[;k dh osQoy o`Q"kh; ?kuRo ¾ oqQy o`Qf"k tula[;k @ fuoy o`Qf"kr {ks=kA izko`Qfrd o`f¼ dh foospuk djsaxsA o`Qf"k tula[;k esa o`Q"kd] o`Qf"k e”knwj vkSj muosQ ifjokj osQ lnL; lfEefyr gksrs gSaA Hkkjr dh tula[;k osQ nksuksa n'kdh; vkSj okf"kZd o`f¼ nj cgqr mQ¡ps gSa vkSj le; osQ lkFk fuR; c