Book 2.docx

**REMEDIAL INSTRUCTION IN ENGLISH ** **1. Take into consideration student inadequacies in language and literature competencies for remediation purposes** 1. 1. High graphic similarity                     C. Low graphic similarity  1. Some graphic similarity                   D. No graphi...

**REMEDIAL INSTRUCTION IN ENGLISH ** **1. Take into consideration student inadequacies in language and literature competencies for remediation purposes** 1. 1. High graphic similarity                     C. Low graphic similarity  1. Some graphic similarity                   D. No graphic similarity  2. What type or retelling does the situation exemplify? A. Unaided retelling                             C. Half-assed retelling  B. Aided retelling                                 D. Fully -added retelling  3. While reading orally, John's word error range is from 2 to 5 word calling errors per 100 words of text ( 95 % accuracy or better) , with at least 80 percent comprehension on simple recall questions about the story. In what level does his ability reading belong?  A. Independent Reading Level           C. Frustration Reading Level  B. Successful Reading Level              D. Instructional Reading Level  4. Don, a grade 4 pupil reads *saw* for *was ,* says a *b* is a *d ,* skips , omits or adds words when he reads outloud , rites for 41 for 14, show no difference between 1 2 3 and 123, act and cat, + and X, and between OIL and 710. What learning difficulty does he suffer from? 1. Dyscalcula                                     C. Dysgraphia  1. Dyslexia                                         D. Reading miscues 5. What should teachers avoid in order to help pupils with learning difficulties remediate their challenges? 1. For a child with difficulty in **speaking,** allow extra time for the child to respond instead of hurrying him to give an answer, teach vocabulary words clearly, practice sentence building and sequencing , introduce " talking partners" and use speaking frames. 1. **For a child who has difficulty  in planning, organizing ideas and formulating language** , provide sequencing , idea concept mapping activities, use reading sessions to explore meaning , cause and effect, and teach and guide pupils how to use coloured pens to highlight different sorts of information for note-taking  , revision, etc.  1. For the child **who has difficulty with interaction,** use auditory aids, repeat an instruction if requested, phrase questions carefully, and use open---ended questions requiring an elaboration ("what do you like to drink?") , then closed questions indicating a preference (" Do you want orange or milk?") 1. For a child **who has reading difficulty,** use imitative , repeated and impress methods which are characterized by the use of more than one physical sense. 6. Fe , a grade 5 pupil has difficulty completing school work, using writing in everyday situations , producing letters on paper, and may not understand the relationship between letters, words, and sounds , shows weaknesses in understanding letter / sound connections,  and in fine motor skills. What learning difficulty does she suffer from? 1. Dyscalcula                                        C. Dysgraphia  1. Dyslexia                                            D.  Digraph 7. Self-monitoring and paying attention belong to which category of learning strategies identified by Oxford in 1989 ? 1. Meta cognitive                                  C. Compensation  1. Affective                                            D. Social  8. Which of the following statements does not describe correctly the given illustration of miscue analysis? 1. 1. 9. Which of the following characterizes a "strategic reader " ? 1. Refers to the dictionary when an unfamiliar word is encountered in the text 1. Chooses reading materials that are easier to read 1. Previews a selection and rereads difficult passages 1. Refrains from taking notes while reading  10. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Bottom -Up Model of Reading?  1. Suggests that the reader constructs meaning from all available sources  1. The primary focus of instruction should be the reading of whole sections  1. Reading is driven by the text, not the reader. 1. The emphasis is on comprehension, not decoding. 11. Don, a  grade 3 pupil find its difficult to relate his thoughts and feelings through speaking and writing. He may find it hard to recall the right word and may try to communicate using gestures and sound effects. When he does speak it will often be in short phrases and sentences which may show incorrect grammar or tense. After undergoing diagnosis, Don is found to suffer from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 1. expressive disorder                              C. auditory processing disorder  1. receptive disorder                                 D. phonological difficulty  **2. ENGLISH for SPECIFIC PURPOSES** **                2.1 Apply content-based principles and strategies in developing language   proficiency for specific disciplines** 12. Which of these words is an example of slang? 1. 1. 13. Which among the list of activities below should be least prioritized or used in an ESP class?                 C.  Feasibility studies          D.    Research  14. Which item is an example of an ESP needs analysis? 1. Psychoanalysis 1. Advocacy Analysis 1. Material-based Analysis 1.  Target Situation Analysis 15.The following statements characterize ESP in the context of English language teaching, EXCEPT 1. It is designed to meet specified needs of the learner 1. It is related in content to particular disciplines, occupations and activities 1. It is centered on the language appropriate to those activities in syntax, lexis, discourse, semantics, etc., and analysis of this discourse 1. It is in contrast with General English   16.Which is a jargon of academe?  17.Which is an example of a course for English for Occupational Purposes (EOP)? 1. English for Counseling 1. English for Classroom Application  1. English for Technician 1. English for Social Advocacy 18\. Slang expressions are any of the following EXCEPT  1. Expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect 1. Considered acceptable in certain social settings 1. Widely used in informal and formal speech and writing 1. Very short and momentary expressions 19\. Which of the following written outputs does NOT qualify as a product of English for Academic Purposes (EAP)? 1. Annual Reports C. Laboratory reports 1. Financial reports D. Thesis abstracts **3. LANGUAGE CURRICULUM FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS** **3.1 Exhibit clear understanding of the design, development, and dissemination of a language curriculum** 20\. Which of the following K to 12 features of English language teaching in secondary level is NOT true? 1. Focus on common areas of difficulty in grammar 1. Sequential teaching of language forms 1. Common errors included in standard and international English proficiency tests 1. Use of literary and informative texts 21\. Which approach to language teaching anchors on the behaviorist assumption that language learning is the acquisition of a set of correct language habits and whose goal is to use the target language communicatively, overlearn it, so as to be able to use it automatically? A. Grammar-Translation Method      B. Direct Method C. Suggestopedia  D. Audio-Lingual Method 22.The curriculum goes through the stages of curriculum planning, curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation; the production of instructional materials falls under A curriculum planning and implementation   B. curriculum planning and evaluation   C. curriculum planning D. curriculum evaluation 23\. An important step in ensuring the relevance of the instructional materials to the rest of the curriculum is to keep a list of A. policies issued by DepEd B. visions and mission of the school C. goals and objectives of the curriculum D. curriculum standards 24\. Which type of syllabus is given examples by the following activities: writing notes and memos, reports, agendas, letters to companies, and reply letters? A. Situational syllabus C. Task-based syllabus B. Grammatical syllabus D. Topical syllabus 25\. Which is NOT a goal of K to 12 language teaching in the secondary level? A. To link life, literature, and language and to integrate themes, texts, and tasks B. To gain mastery of language forms and rules of usage C. To hone independent study strategies through prescribed tasks. D. To use differentiated instruction to accommodate varied learners\' strategies 26\. The primary aim of second language teaching using the audiolingual method is A reading comprehension. B. vocabulary development C. literary appreciation D. oral proficiency 27\. Which of the following concepts is/are correctly defined? I. A curriculum includes the philosophy, purposes, design and implementation of a whole program. II\. A course is an integrated series of teaching learning experiences, whose ultimate aim is to lead the learners to a particular state of knowledge. III\. A syllabus is the specification and ordering of content of a course or courses. A. I only С. I, II B. II only D. I, II, III 28\. A teaching practice which is compatible with Communicative Approach is one that A. derives and makes explicit the grammatical rules of the language B. addresses the needs of the target learners C.follows the listen-speak-read-write sequence of skills D. gives priority to oral proficiency 29\. The K to 12 language teaching in secondary school can be described as follows EXCEPT it A. is literature-based and genre-focused B. uses literary and informative texts C uses culminating performance tasks D. focuses on common areas of difficulty in grammar 30\. Newspaper articles, advertisement, radio announcement, etc. in the real world when used in the classroom situations are classified as A. authentic materials D. audio-visual aids B. mass communication materials E. recycled materials 31\. A plan of what to be achieved through the teaching and learning process which contains the course description, objectives, the prerequisites, the requirements, and the topics to be taught is the A. course outline B. curriculum guide C. course syllabus D. lesson plan 32\. Which of the following DOES NOT characterize the direct method of language teaching? A. It allows errors and these errors are addressed by self-correction. B. The teacher illustrates and demonstrates meaning C. The target language is used as an auxiliary/support language. D. The language is viewed as spoken than written. 33\. The content of the language teaching in this type of syllabus is a collection of specific abilities that may play a part in using language. Which is referred to? A. Skill-based syllabus C. Content-based syllabus B. Task-based syllabus D. Notional-functional syllabus 34\. The Teacher uses a contemporary and highly relevant song in presenting a lesson on conditional clauses. She provides activity sheets in which students indicated their regretful experiences and the possible outcome had they not done a certain regretful act. Then, the students were assigned in pair to share with a partner what they have written. The use of the song, the worksheet, the pair group, the teacher and the students\' talk are provisions of which hypothesis in Krashen\'s Monitor Model? A. Affective Filter B. Monitor Output C. Comprehensible Input D. Natural Order **THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE** 4\. **INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS** 4.1 Demonstrate understanding of the structural aspect of language; ie., phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics 35\. Which conversational maxim is violated in this utterance? In the classroom, the students are noisy, the teacher spoke loud, \"Class, I really appreciate your behaving quietly today. You see we can smoothly and clearly discuss our lesson.\" A. Quality B. Quantity C. Relation D. Manner 36\. The aspect of communicative competence that deals with the appropriate use of communication and coping strategies is known as competence. A. discourse C. grammatical B. sociolinguistic D. strategic 37\. Which generalization in the area of phonology can be drawn from the following linguistic data: table, attack, can, paper, space, accordion? A. A voiceless stop is aspirated if it begins a syllable of a stressed vowel. B. A voiceless stop is aspirated if it follows a stressed vowel. C. A voiceless stop is aspirated if it is in between a consonant and a tense vowel. D. A voiceless stop is aspirated if it is in between a stressed vowel and a voiced consonant. 38\. Which of the following has a glottal segment? A. Hot C. Mat B. Sad D. Dam 39\. The study of illocutionary acts is an area of A. pragmatics C. morphology B. semantics D. syntax 40\. Mary thinks that she is the only girl who can sing the song. Obviously, \"she\" refers to Mary. What concept in referential semantics explains the italicized word? A. Deixis C. Coreference B. Anaphora D. Prototype 41\. What truth relation is exemplified in this pair of sentences: \"Sentence A: The fisherman caught a fish.\" \"Sentence B: The fisherman caught a milkfish\"? A. Sentence A presupposes Sentence B. B. Sentence B presupposes Sentence A. C. Sentence A entails Sentence B. D. Sentence B entails Sentence A. 42\. What is the classification of the morpheme in each of the following linguistic data: invert, covert, revert, subvert, divert? A. Grammatical bound morpheme B. Lexical free morpheme C Grammatical free morpheme D. Lexical bound morpheme 43\. Why does the word \"take\" when pronounced is different from the words \"fake\" \"vase\" and \"thank\"? A. All the three expressions have initial fricative segment. B. All the three expressions have initial affricative segment. C. All the three expressions have final voiced consonant. D. All the three expressions have final voiceless stops. 44\. The vowels in the words \"pet\", \"but\", \"say\" and \"sew\" are A \[+high\] C. \[-high\] and \[-low\] B. \[+low\] D. \[+tense\] 45\. Let\'s surveil the place. The morpheme surveil is an example of A. root creation C. back formation B. derivation D. clipping 46\. What is the morphological error in the following sentence: \"The boys\' in the camp exercises are held in the morning.\"? A. Two derivational morphemes are used in the noun \[boy\]. B. The derivational morpheme is used before the inflectional morpheme.  C. Two inflectional morphemes are used in the head noun of the noun phrase. D. The inflectional morpheme is used before the derivational morpheme 47\. Which of the following is CORRECT? A.A noun phrase must always have an adjective and a prepositional phase. B. A determiner and a noun are obligatory components of a noun phrase C. A noun phrase must constitute a determiner, a quantifier or a verb phrase before a head noun. D. A noun in the noun phrase may have an adjective before it, or a determiner, or may be followed by a prepositional phrase. 48\. In the phrase structure rules, a prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, followed by a A. noun C. noun phrase B. objective pronoun D. clause 49\. Which is a sense property in which two words have the same sense, or same values for all of their semantic features? Example: \"teacher\" and \"instructor\" A. Hyponymy C. Anaphora B. Deixis D. Synonymy 50\. American: Are you a Filipino? Filipino: Yes, I am. American: So you must be a nurse. What concept explains the conversation above? A. Referent B. Extension C. Prototype D. Stereotype 51\. After supper, the wife asked the husband, \"Should I get you some ice cream?\" The husband responded, \"Am I diabetic?\" What conversational maxim is violated?  A. Manner  B. Relation  C. Quality  D. Quantity  52\. What can be said about a polite expression such as, \"Can you give me a glass of water?\"  A. It is an indirect illocutionary act.  B. It is a direct illocutionary act.  C. It is an implied locutionary act.  D. It is a non-literal locutionary act.  53\. In second language acquisition, what is the route to pidginization and fossilization of errors?  A. Nativization and assimilation  B. Nativization and accommodation  C. Denativization and assimilation  D. Denativization and accommodation  54\. Teacher Betty justifies the inclusion of grammar in her lessons. According to her, it should be an integral part of the curriculum. What theory of second language acquisition explains Teacher Betty\'s justification?  A. Nativization Model  B. Accommodation Theory  C. Communicative Language Teaching  D. Monitor Model W 3 DA 12 55\. Teacher Judy examines the reading selection that she will discuss in her class. She reads the selection to check whether the language and vocabulary might be too difficult for the students to understand? What theory explains this?  A. i+1 hypothesis  B. Scaffolding hypothesis  C. Readability test  D. Emergent literacy  56\. A Filipino family migrated to the US. After 5 years, the child\'s accent is typically Filipino. He did not learn the accent of the Americans. When his mother was asked why his son did not acquire the accent and facility to communicate in English, the mother responded, \"He didn\'t want to mingle with other children in the US. He was always at home.\" What explains this phenomenon?  A. Accommodation theory  B. Monitor Model  C. Discourse Theory  D. Nativization Model 57\. Which of the following classes promotes the desired learning environment discussed in the learning-acquisition hypothesis of Monitor Model?  A. Teacher Judith teaches substitution drills after a discussion on grammatical structure.  B. Teacher Michael conducts a speech choir, emphasizing correct intonation and pronunciation. C. Teacher Ben shows a news clip from CNN and asks students questions.  D. Teacher Lovely tells the class to write a letter following the correct format and structure.  58\. The goals of this language teaching approach are learn grammar, vocabulary and culture. Teacher is the authority. He/She makes use of translation, deductive study of grammar, memorization of vocabulary. Which approach of language teaching is described?  A. Grammar-translation approach  B. Natural approach  C. Community language learning approach  D. Direct approach  59\. Which of the following does NOT justify the use of communicative language teaching?  A. Within a social context, people need to perform certain tasks and functions.  B. Students perform well in class, but they are unable to perform communicative tasks outside the classroom.  C. Within a social context, people need to develop their cognitive abilities through authentic texts and content in language.  D. Students need to develop communicative competence as they enhance their linguistic competence.  60\. Teacher Mary learned in her graduate degree class that language learning could also be a result of cognitive processes, or the act of knowing something. Which of the following is a result of this principle?  A. Content-based instruction  B. Desuggestopedia  C. Peripheral learning  D. Total physical response  61\. Teacher Peter uses small group games and tasks; he also asks students to actively listen to music, songs, or any conversation in the class. Which of the following explains Teacher Peter\'s practices?  A. Cognitive code approach  B. Communicative approach  C. Counseling-learning approach  D. Task-based English language teaching 62\. Teacher Minnie reads about desuggestopedia. Which of the following activities is a practice of desuggestopedia?  A. Drills and substitution drills  B. Language games and quiz bees  C. Doing tasks such as writing letters, composing poems, and watching movies  D. Role play  63\. Which of the following illustrates \"positive transfer\" in interlanguage?  A. A Filipino student constructs a sentence in English: \"Beautiful is Mary.\"  B. A Filipino student pronounces \"bag\" correctly.  C. A Filipino student writes a sentence: \"The book is new.\"  D. A Filipino student tells \"We ate pish (fish) last night.\"  64\. The teacher considers feelings of anxiety, fear, and shame that may hinder second language acquisition. Which method can help the teacher address this concern?  A. CL/CLL  B. Task-based language teaching bas  C. Communicative language teaching  D. CBI low motion  65\. Teacher Eric believes that if the students in school would force their habit of speaking in English in the manner they speak Kapampangan, including accent and vocabulary, it might lead to fossilization of errors and eventually lead to a linguistic phenomenon known as  A. codemixing  B. codeswitching  C. depidginization  D. pidginization  66\. In which class is codeswitching allowed?  A. Audio-lingual class  B. Communicative classroom  C. Grammar-translation class  D. TBLT 67\. In which class is CLIL practiced? A. The class visited a museum in order to create a brochure promoting local tourism. B. The class was divided into small groups in order to brainstorm on a topic for process writing. C. The teacher used an authentic task for group performance.  D. The teacher used graphic organizers to aid comprehension. 68\. What is an indication of hypothesis testing in language learning? A. Acculturation B. Error C. Input  D. Utterance 69\. Which of the following is a manifestation of covert grammar teaching? A. Audio lingual method B. Communicative language teaching C. Task-based language teaching D. Silent way 70\. Which of the following supports English for Specific Purposes? A. Competency-based education  B. Organizational competence C. Peripheral learning D. Scaffolding in language education  71\. What is the implication of \"mutually intelligible\" in teaching English? A. Students cannot distinguish any difference in the different varieties of the language. B. Students may still understand different varieties of English. C. Students should not be given different varieties of the English language. D. Students will find it hard to understand a different variety of the English language. 72\. Based on principles of first language acquisition, which of the following should be taught first to students? A. Plural regular B. Possessive C. Present progressive D. Simple present 73\. In first language acquisition, the following are considered language developmental milestones during the pre-linguistic stages, EXCEPT A. babbling B. cooing C. crying D. echolalia 74\. What semantic change is reflected in the word \"queer\"? \"A queer case was solved by Sherlock Holmes.\" \"He is such a queer.\" A. Association B. Metaphor C. Pejoration D. Taboo 75\. Which of the following sentence/s is/are incorrect? A. The safety of students while on a school field trip is something for which teachers are responsible for. B. The safety of students while on a school field trip is something for which teachers are responsible. C. The safety of students while on a school field trip is something which teachers are responsible for. D. Sentences B and C 76\. Which of the following sentences is incorrect? A. The infamous attack on the World Trade Center happened on September 11, 2001. B. The infamous attack on the World Trade Center happened on 11 September 2001. C. The infamous attack on the World Trade Center happened on 11th of September, 2001. D. The infamous attack on the World Trade Center happened on 11 September, 2001. 77\. Noun phrases joined by and are plural. This rule does not apply when and is followed by not. Which of the following statement is CORRECT? A. Love and not hate makes the world go round. B. Love and not hate make the world go round. C. People and not policy is the focus of his analysis.  D. Policy and not people are the focus of his analysis. 78\. Which of the following quantifiers modify plural nouns? A. Many B. Each C. Every  D. Many  79\. The following statements are TRUE about sentence structure EXCEPT A. Two words (lexis) that belong to the same category (lexical category) can substitute each other in a sentence. B. Each word has a limitless range of possible functions. C. There are restrictions on how the words can combine to form grammatical phrases. D. Lexical categories can expand into bigger strings of words called \'phrasal categories.\' 80\. The word \"off\" functions as an adverbial particle in which structure? A. Their on and off relationship  B. We put it off too long. C. Off with you! D. You\'re off the hook. 81\. Which of the following is an example of a sentence fragment? A.They fought  B.A family just moved in  C.The boy and the girl's uncle D.Quit it 82\. In which of the following sentences does the verb "be" (is) function as the intensive verb or copula? A. Don is annoying  B. Don is fooling around  C. Don is annoying me  D. Don is going out of control 83.Which of the following are "optional constituents" of this sentences? "The kind history teacher surprised us with an extraordinary reward." A.Kind, history, teacher B.Kind, surprised, extraordinary  C.Kind, teacher, reward D.Kind , history, extraordinary  84.Which of the following is the correct definition of a "phrase"? A. A sequence of words that can function as a sentence constituent. B.A sequence of words that contains only a subject and no predicate. C.A sequence of words that contains only a predicate and no subject. D.A sequence of words that contains a subject and a predicate. 85.Which of the following CANNOT function as intensive verbs? A.Make B.Turn  C.Seem D.Remain 86.What is the function of the underlined constituent in the following sentence. "Jake dreads [wild] animals in the zoo"? A.Obligatory Complement B.Optional Modifier C.Indirect Object  D.Optional Complement    87.Which of the following statements best qualifies as a "complex" sentence? A.Don't make any comment unless you are fully aware of this issue. B.I didn't start this dispute and I don't want to have anything to do with it. C.You can wallow in your miseries or you can start over and move on. D.Jen likes her new house, but she doesn't like the front yard. 88.Which of the following sentence structures is "syntactically ambiguous"? A.The mayor invited all city hall employees to his birthday dinner. B.The columnist writes feature articles on antique writing desks.  C.The man with a tall hat sits rather uncomfortably at the dinner table.  D.The valet looks imposing in his purple velvet vest.  89.In Chomsky's Transformational Grammar, to what does a sentence's "deep structure"  refer? A.The version of a sentence that we articulate and hear B.The outward form of a sentence  C.The final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence D.The abstract representation of a sentence  90.Which of the following concepts is Not a concern of syntax? A.Lexical categories B.Smaller units called constituents C.Structural analysis D.Distribution and function 91.Which of the following statement is TRUE which regard to the use of the present perfect tense? A. A statement which was true in the past and still relevant to the present   B.A statement which was true in the past but no longer, or not necessarily, true at the moment of speaking  C.A statement which was true, or an action which was completed before another  D.A statement which became true in the past  92.Which of the following types of words does NOT fit into the category of determiners?  A.Articles B.Possessives C.Prepositions D.Demonstratives 93.Which of the following sentence/s depict/s a dative case? A.Marga gave a donation to charity  B.The charity receives a donation from Marga C.The university accepted an awarding from the accrediting organization  D.Sentence B and C are dative 94.The following are basic simple sentence patterns in English EXCEPT [  .] A.Subject + verb  B.Subject + verb +object C.Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object D.Subject + object + verb 95.The following are linguistic mechanism that Halliday and Hassan (1976) point order for texts to have cohesion EXCEPT.  A.Reference  B.Ellipsis  C.Substitution  D.Genre 96\. What lexical process is exemplified by the following?  Jo removed dust from the desk -- Jo dusted the desk.  A.Compounding  B.Conversion  C.Polysemy  D.Derivational affixation  97\. Which of the following is grammatical? A.The burglar lurked B.It fascinated the alarm clock C.I don't like these book D.Anyone who is a good friend must be trustful 98.The following sentence are considered ungrammatical EXCEPT. A.William has bought it last Sunday B.I'm believing you C.Help! I will fall D.Janice has lived with her parents for ten years 99.Which approach to grammar refers to the structure of a language as it is actually used by speakers and writers? A.Reference grammar B. Pedagogical grammar  C.Descriptive grammar  D.Prescriptive grammar 100.This sentence structure contains a  "ditransitive verb group"? A.Max had reply to my letter B.Max has turned a subtle shade of red C.Max hates hug spiders D.Max is giving his boss a headache 101.Which is a correct description of **motif** in literary writing? A.The main insight, central idea, or universal truth found in a literary work B.An image or idea repeated throughout a work or several works of literature C.The element of surprise in a work of fiction , such as twist ending  D.The writing style adopted by the author which is revealed in his/her word choice 102.Which of the following defines stylistics correctly? A.It deals with expressive means which secures the desirable effect of the utterance  B.It is the study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation  C.It explicates the message to interpret and evaluate literary writings as works of art  D.It is the study of language structure, sounds, and meaning  103.Which of the following best illustrates the figure of speech " understatement"? A."That's wrong Poe." (Addressing somebody who does not know the answer) B." I  think our comments differ slightly." ("I do not agree with you at all") C." I'm so thirsty I could drink a pail of water." D." That sounds not intriguing" 104.What stylistic device was employed in " And breaths were gathering sure/ For that last onset, when the king / Be witnessed in his power "(Emily Dickinson). A.Paradox B.Irony  C.Antithesis  D.Oxymoron 105.In stylistic parlance, which term refers to the appropriateness of a work to intended subject, genre and audience? A.Diction  B.Tone  C.Point of view D.Decorum  106.Which of the following excerpts is an example of the figure of speech  "paradox"? A." The child is the father of the man" (Wordsworth) B." O hateful love, o loving hate! I burn and freeze like ice" (Shakespare) C." At the drunkard's funeral, four of his friends carried the bier." D." Don't we all love peace, and hate war." 107.What figure of speech did Nathaniel Hawthrone use in making Rev. Dimmesdale metaphorically dim as the novel progresses while making Chillingworth have a chilled heart? A.Symbol  B.Charactonym  C.Allusion  D.Pun 108.Which if the following exemplifies the device "allusion"? A.Shakespeare is a literary titan B.Death, be not proud C.Philippines, O, Pearl of Orient D.Not yet, Rizal, not yet 109.What techniques were used in the excerpt "Sea nymphs hourly ring his knell/  Ding-dong. Hark/ Now I hear them -- Ding- dong bell"? A.Consonance and rhythm B.Onomatopoeia and rhyme  C.Assonance and rhyme D.Onomatopoeia and assonance 110.What device did Ovid use in the excerpt " And Icarus, his son, stood by and watched him/ Not knowing he was dealing with his downfall/ Stood by and watched, and raised his shiny face/ To boy will, always / Whenever a father tries to get some work done"? A.Flashback B.Foreshadowing  C.Frame story  D.Epiphany  111\. What device did N. V. M. Gonzales use in the excerpt \"After Longos River, the trail to Mauhaw climbs the Hill of the White Cows and for ten kilometers or so wanders about the rolling cogon country before finally entering the woods. Only then may one get glimpses of the sea, heart-warming pictures framed in by palma-brava and dao trees. Mauhaw Bay itself comes after woods, the winding trail, after the resin-fragrant winds that strum the buri leaves as though these were guitars.\" A. Simile B. Local Color C. Allusion  D. Personification 112\. What device did Alexander Pope use in the excerpt \"Here thou, great Anna, whom three realms obey/ Dots sometimes counsel take, and sometimes tea\"? A. Oxymoron B. Paradox C. Irony  D. Anticlimax 7\. LITERARY CRITICISM 7.1 Demonstrate understanding of the basic approaches to problems in critical theory from the classical to modern times as applied to literary works 113\. Which literary theory can give a meaningful criticism of the following poem? \"Hope\" is the thing with feathers - That perches in the soul - And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all- And sweetest in the Gale is heard - And sore must be the storm - That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm - I\'ve heard it in the chilliest  land - And on the strangest Sea Yet never in Extremity, It asked a crumb of me. A. New criticism B. Realism C. Naturalism D. New historicism 114\. Which of the following is the focus of medieval literary period? A. Secular and individualistic B. Aesthetic and social  C. Mundane and symbolic D. Divine and spiritual 115\. Which of the following does NOT characterize deconstructive reading of text? A. Authorial intention fallacy renders meaning uncertain B. Language is a fixed system of signs. C. A text is a combination of multiple shades of contradicting meaning. D. It is a reading which analyses a text\'s critical difference from its intended meaning 116\. Which is an example of the error deus ex machina? A. The protagonist saw and talked to God. B. The antagonist changed and turned to God. C. The conflict is related to religion. D. The plot ended with divine-intervention like way. 117\. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Romanticism emphasizes human subjectivity and imagination. B. Post-modernism is highly structural, objective and empiricist. C. Realism draws from the objective and referential aspect of language and art. D. The Renaissance movement brought about the other-worldly disposition in art and literature. 118\. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Marxism as a literary theory rejects the idea of \"art for art\'s sake.\" B. Formalism is criticism for meaning. C. New Criticism promotes close reading and interpretation. D. Psychoanalytic theory in literature attempts to interpret symbols in literature. 119\. Which is known as the science of interpretation? A. Hermeneutics B. Textual exegesis C. Literary appreciation D. Documentary analysis 120\. Which of the following does NOT allow intertextual reading of literature? A. Feminism Criticism B. Marxism Criticism C. New Criticism D. Post-Colonial Criticism  121\. Which of the following is valid in the context of the science of interpretation? A. Every individual\'s preconception and prejudice is destructive and unproductive in the reading and analysis of texts. B. A person cannot factor out his prejudices but he can compromise and find a common ground between his prejudices and the author\'s historical horizon.  C. Prejudices are productive because they allow rich and valid interpretations of the significance of literary texts. D. Truth is always what the reader thinks, and not what the author attempts to convey in the text. 122\. Which of the following may be accepted by a Reader-Reception critic? A. All interpretations and meanings are correct. B. Interpretations should ultimately be aligned with the author\'s intention, not the reader\'s perception. C. No interpretation can be objective, truthful and accurate. D. Interpretations are governed by the language and convention of the text, and the literary competence of the reader. 123\. What is common among the following literary criticism theories: Marxism, Post-Colonialism, Gender and Feminism, New Historicism? A. Literature is a product of an ideology or social constructs. B. Literature affects human behavior in a given society. C. Literature is independent from other texts and factors external to the text. D. Literature is a creative. 124\. Which of the following can be the subject matter of humanism literature? A. Faith B. Poverty  C. Sacred D. Salvation 125\. Which is characterized by a re-examination and imitation of the classical models, literary styles and values of the ancient Greek and Roman authors? A. Neoclassicism B. Neo-Platonism C. Renaissance D. Romanticism 126\. Which movement reacted against the stylistic excess and superfluous artistry and ornamentation of Renaissance writers? A.Neoclassicism B. Realism C.Aestheticism D.Romanticism 127\. Which literary movement is characterized by logical thinking and freedom which are vital in making choices that relate to moral and social choices? A. Enlightenment B. Neoclassicism C. Renaissance D. Romanticism 128\. Which was characterized by two broad events: French Revolution and the Industrial revolution? A. Humanism revolution B. Modern period C. Post-Modernism D. Renaissance period 129\. In which literary period was poem analysis done within the framework of human subjectivity and its expression and exaltation of nature? A. Naturalism B. Neoclassicism C. Realism D. Romanticism 130\. \"Shall I compare thee to a summer\'s day?\" This sonnet from William Shakespeare may be interpreted in terms of its allusion to the beauty of nature its metaphor, and the feelings that nature and human nature evoke upon the reader. Which literary movement advocates this critical approach? A. Empiricism B. Neoclassicism C. Realism D. Romanticism 131\. Which literary movement is characterized by the avoidance of what is fantastical, imaginary, and mythical or supernatural? A. Naturalism B. Neoclassicism C. Realism D. Romanticism 132 This movement adheres to the requirements of probability and shuns impossible or improbable literary subjects and themes, with characters and incidents from all social strata, included. Which of the following literary selection can be studied using this critical theory of Realism? A. Animal Farm by George Orwell B. The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck C. The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende D. The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins 133\. The following characterize realism, EXCEPT A. it considered the human experiences of the present time, and the topics from contemporary life rather than longing for some idealized past B. it emphasized the social rather than the individual or seeing the individual as a social being. C. it emphasized logical reason, and empiricism in the presentation of events and characters D. it is focused on contemporary life, and not about some classical events in the past 134\. Which emphasizes the hereditary psychological components of characters and experimenting the connections between human psychology and external environment? A. Naturalism B. Neoclassicism C. Realism D. Romanticism 135\. As an extreme form of Realism, which literary movement emphasizes the use of the methods of the physical sciences and principles of causality, using highly detailed methods of description to present the natural occurrences of things in the literary text? A.Enlightenment B. Magic Realism C. Naturalism D. Romanticism 136\. Known as the era of \"decadence,\" which literary movement was a reaction against realism and naturalism, and highly structured poetry? A. Aestheticism B. Classicism C. Enlightenment D. Symbolism 137\. Which literary movement rejected the idea that language was referential, or the the signifiers automatically refer to their accurate signified? A Naturalism B. Realism C. Post-Modernism D. Symbolism 138\. Which literary movement emphasizes a more suggestive, allusive, and connotative language that would enrich and evoke feelings of awareness and aesthetic experience? A. Naturalism B. Post-Modernism C. Realism D. Symbolism 139\. Which literary movement states that art exists for its own sake, or for the sake of beauty, disregarding moral or political considerations, and advocating the freedom of art from didactic, educational, and moralistic functions? A. Aestheticism B. Humanism C. Renaissance D. Structuralism 140\. Which literary movement would give productive interpretations and criticisms of Jose Garcia Villa\'s comma or punctuation poems? \"In, my, undream, of, death, 1, unspoken, the, Word. Since, nobody, had, dared, With, my, own, breath, I, broke, the, cord! A. Aestheticism B. Realism C. Structuralism  D. Symbolism 141\. Which characterized hermeneutics during the Middle Ages?  A. Interpretation became significantly important in the field of religion.  B. Invention of literary forms gave rise to the science of interpretation in secular texts.  C. Meaning became terribly difficult in literature. D. Philosophical ideas were so abstract that people had to invent the science of interpretation. Read the poem below then answer question no. 142.  Then said Almitra, Speak to us of Love. And he raised his head and looked upon the people, and there fell a stillness upon them. And with a great voice he said: When love beckons to you, follow him, Though his ways are hard and steep And when his wings enfold you yield to him, Though the sword hidden among his pinions may wound you. And when he speaks to you believe in him, Though his voice may shatter your dreams as the north wind lays waste the garden. For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you. Even as he is for your growth so is he for your pruning. Even as he ascends to your height and caresses your tenderest branches that quiver in the sun, So shall he descend to your roots and shake them in their clinging to the earth. Like sheaves of corn he gathers you unto himself. He threshes you to make you naked. He sifts you to free you from your husks. He grinds you to whiteness. He kneads you until you are pliant, And then he assigns you to his sacred fire, that you may become sacred bread for God's sacred feast... 142\. Which of the following is a potential meaning from a feminist literary critic as he/she reads the poem?  A. A woman has selfless dreams for humanity.  B. The poem justifies the patriarchal idea that a woman is the symbol of love and affection and the laws of nature.  C. The poem presents a universal truth and symbol that a woman must learn how to respect her husband.  D. The poem presents a woman as the object of love, a martyr for the cause of love presented as man.  143. The following are post-colonial critical approaches, EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.   A. it analyzes how a superior culture influences an inferior community  B. it pushes for the appreciation of the literary creativity of the post-modern era  C. it recognizes how history shaped the lives and beliefs of people of a former colony  D. it studies the impact of colonial culture upon a community through literature 144\. Which of the following is NOT a process or principle of formalist criticism?  A. Close reading and non-intertextual interpretation are approaches in the study of literary texts.  B. Defamiliarization creates the literary experience.  C. Meaning is the essence of literature  D. The dominant quality and literary device shape the nature and form of literature  145\. Intertextuality believes that  A. accurate meaning can be achieved through close reading of the text itself  B. heteroglossia or multiple meanings does not exist, nor can accurate or valid interpretation be possible  C. heteroglossia or multiple meanings exist D. meaning is the sole responsibility of the author, therefore, interpretation should be aligned with what the author meant in the text  146. Which of the following is NOT true about signs?  A. Iconic signs-the signifier resembles the signified  B. Indexes- signifier indicates the signified  C. Signs- signifier as the concept is represented by the sound image or signified  D. True symbol- signifier is arbitrarily assigned to refer to signified  147\. How does a Marxist literary critic view literature?  A. A product of class struggles and economic history  B. A product of the author's view of society and the world  C. A receptacle of symbol  D. An art which exists for its own sake  148. Which of the following represents the philosophical belief of a New Historicism scholar?  A. History exists as the only accurate text of the post-structuralism.  B. It does not allow intertextual reading.  C. It examines how readers are influenced by their prejudice or personal view of the world.  D. There is no history, but a version of the author's view of the historical facts 149\. Which of the following relates Psychoanalytic theory in literary criticism?  A. Art is decadent, and self-indulging.  B. Literary criticism is giving judgment of the behavior and prejudices of readers during the reading act.  C. The literary text is the product of the author's repressed dreams and fantasies, and literary interpretation is a form of dream interpretation or psychoanalysis.  D. The text is a rich symbol of the author's personal, and psychological view of the world and its people.  150. Which approach to literary criticism highlights how meaning, interpretations, frameworks, systems, and structural beliefs break apart?  A. Hermeneutics  B. Post -structuralism  C. Semiotics   D. Structuralism  151\. The idea of the "death of the author" by M. Bakhtin can be associated with which principle of reader-reception theory?  A. Reading is a process of dialogue between the reader and the author mediated by the text.  B. The reader is the author of the text.  C. There cannot be only one interpretation; however, there can be many valid and competent interpretations.  D. There is no accurate and meaningful interpretation in a text that can be ascertained by the reader. LITERATURE  8. MYTHOLOGY AND FOLKLORE  8.1 Use literary concepts in interpreting and analyzing various literary texts  152\. Even before the invention of the printed page in the middle of the 15^th^ century oral literature had been in circulation by word-of-mouth for centuries. Epics myths, legends and fables which were told hundreds of years ago may be said to fall under what literary genre?  A Essay  B. Drama  C. Poetry  D. Fiction  Read the poem, then answer question no. 153.  Fog The fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on.                    Carl Sandburg  153. Among the "senses of the mind," which one is predicted in the poem above?  A. Sense of touch  B. Sense of smell  C. Motion sense  D. Thermal sense  154\. The image projected in "Fog" is  A. the silent, graceful, hardly noticeable and nonchalant coming of the fog.  B. the fog's quiet lifting off towards some unknown direction as it gets dispersed  C. the fog's obvious lifting off towards some known direction as it gets dispersed  D. both A and B  155\. The figure of speech found in the same poem is  A. personification  B. simile   C. metonymy  D. hyperbole 156\. Which character or force in conflict with a main character, eg. The extreme cold in Jack London's "To Build a Fire?"  A. Protagonist  B. Antagonist  C. Hero/heroine  D. supernatural power  157. Which is a body of stories, legends, myths, ballads, songs, riddles, sayings and other works arising out of the oral traditions of peoples around the world?  A. Folk literature   B. Pop culture  C. Epics  D. Folk pop  158 What tone color is exemplified by the underlined words in the following lines taken from "The Raven?" "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary Over a many quaint and curious volume forgotten lore While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door..." Edgar Allan Poe  A. Rhyme  B. Consonance  C. Assonance  D. Alliteration  159\. Which is an all-knowing point of view in which the author tells of the thoughts and feelings of each character in the story?  A. Third person omniscient POV  B. Third person limited POV C. First person POV  D. Third person central character POV  160\. The expression, "and they lived happily ever after" is included as a segment of the  A. resolution  B. setting  C. theme  D. plot Read this stanza, then answer questions no. 161 and 162. Twilight Is a young bird In gorgeous plumes, Seeking refuge Under the soft wings Of its Mother Night.                                   By Epifanio T. Ramos 161\. Which figure of speech is exemplified in the first three lines?  A. Personification B. Metaphor   C. Apostrophe   D. Allusion  162\. The short poem describes the    A. onset of night  B. rising of sun C. high noon D. spread of moonlight   163. A word that means "a shelter or protection from danger or distress" is  A. night   B. refuge C. wings  D. plumes  164\. In mythology, Zeus, the ruler of Olympus had two brothers: one who ruled the sea and the other who ruled the underworld. The two were  A. Apollo and Artemis  B. Poseidon and Hades C. Hermes and Ares   D. Achilles and Aeschylus  165. Three monstrous sisters with snakes for hair, teeth like the tusks of a wild boar, hands of brass and bodies covered with impenetrable scales. They turned to stone all who looked on them. The most famous of the three was Medusa Which is described?  A. Gigantes  B. Furies  C. Gorgons  D. Fates 166\. Son of Zeus and Alcmene, he was renowned for his superhuman strength and courage. Sometimes called Alcides, he is often represented with bow or club wearing a lion skin. Who is referred to?  A. Oedipus B. Odyseus  C. Androcles   D. Hercules or Heracles 167\. Half-human and half-bull, he/it was confined in the labyrinth, where he/ it received an annual tribute of seven youths and seven maidens from Athens Which is referred to?  A. Minotaur  B. Pegasus   C. Midas D. Medea  168. A king of Corinth condemned in the Underworld to roll a huge stone up a hill. Just as he reached the top, the stone would roll down, forcing him to begin the task again. Who is referred to?  A. Sisyphus  B. Sphinx  C. Spartacus  D. Stentor  169\. Which is the substitution of a term considered inoffensive for one that might bring the reader or listener too close to an uncomfortable reality?  A. Euphemism   B. Imagery C. Translation  D. Bathos  170\. Which term is borrowed from art criticism and applied to a kind of fiction that mixes realism with flights of myth and fantasy. It is associated with Latin American writers such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez?  A. Metaphor  B. Masque  C. Magic realism  D. In medias res  171\. Which is the subject in Mythic history portrayed in \"Musee des Beaux Arts\" painting? A. Daedalus and Icarus B. Iliad and Odessey C. Farewell of Hector and Andromache D. Encounter with Polyphemus 172\. The following are examples of Situational Irony EXCEPT A. Abduction of Helen B. Oedipus fled Corinth C. Death of Acrissius in the hands of Perseus D. The quest to expose Laius\' murderer 173\. Philosophic-religious belief in reincarnation is based on which mythical character? A. Orpheus C. Achilles B. Paris D. Agamemnon 174\. The following are typical characteristics of an epic hero, EXCEPT A. immortality B. superiority C. bravery D. fame **9. AFRO-ASIAN LITERATURE** **9.1 Identify characteristics, motifs, archetypes, and symbols of different literary texts** **10. ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE** **10.1 Identify characteristics, motifs, archetypes, and symbols of different literary** texts 175\. A Japanese Folktale entitled \"The Story of The Aged Mother speaks about all;\" EXCEPT A. the fate of the common people under a despot is grim B. the Daimyo\'s unreasonable order is seemingly a boast of his power C. a citizen\'s disobedience towards a cruel mandate ends tragically D. it is an exhibit of the saying: with a crown of snow, there cometh wisdom 176\. It is a significant truth about life and human nature that is exhibited by the words, actions and decisions of characters. This element of fiction is known as A. setting B. of view C. plot D. theme 177\. A mechanism by which a narrative sequence of events (story) is structured and organized is called A. point of view C. literary device B. plot D. denouement 178\. Characterization may be revealed or gleaned by all of the following EXCEPT A. what the character says, thinks and does B. what the readers say and think about the character C. what the author says about the character D. what the other characters say about the character being described 179\. A great deal of the oldest literature of which we have written records is in verse. Which genre of literature may well be considered the oldest literary form? A. Fiction B. Poetry C. Drama D. Essay 180\. Which represents the various social overtones, cultural implications or emotional meanings associated with a sign? A. Denotation C. Syntax B. Connotation D. Euphemism 181\. Which is a direct address to someone absent, long dead or even to an inanimate object, e.g. \"Pack, clouds, away, and welcome, day!\" A. Metonymy C. Metaphor B. Personification D. Apostrophe 182\. A figure of speech uses words having sounds that imitate what they denote, e.g. bang, whoosh, buzz? A. Onomatopoeia B. Allusion C. Metaphor D. Synecdoche 183\. Memoirs, which are first-person accounts of personally or historically significant events, may be classified under A. biography B. autobiographical writing C. fiction D. drama 184\. Ernest Hemingway is noted for a simple prose style. Style includes every feature of a writer\'s use of language such as word choice. Word choice is better known as A. description C. diction B. dialogue D. vocabulary 185\. The term thespian was taken from Thespis, a 6th B.C. poet who was said to have been the founder of Greek drama and the first actor. Thespian means A. actor C. speaker B. orator D. teacher 186\. A stanza is a group of lines whose metrical pattern is repeated throughout the poem. A stanza of six lines is called A. couplet C. quatrain B. octave D. sestet 187\. The one through whose eyes we \"see\" the story is the A. author C. character B. narrator D. reader 188\. The following make a good idea for an essay EXCEPT A. it is true but arguable B. it is limited enough in scope C. it comes with available evidence D. it has a probable setting 189\. What is the intention of a drama? A. To have a script B. To be performed before an audience C. To transform society D. To present an argumentation 190\. Essay may be provisional in its appraisal of the subject but unlimited in point of view Is this true? A. True B. False C. Maybe D. Cannot tell Answer questions 191-194 according to the elements of fiction. 191\. What difference identifies the eating habits of the typical Filipino of the countryside from the more affluent city families? A. Character C. Plot B. Setting D. Theme  192. What instructive principle of right conduct can one draw out from a story? A. Character C. Plot B. Setting D. Theme 193\. For what may the villain be condemned? Point out his personality, chief traits and characteristics. A. Character C. Plot B. Setting D. Theme 194\. How has the author structured the selection? Did he use literary devices to break the normal movement of the story? A. Character C. Plot B. Setting D. Theme 195\. His crowning achievement was the Aeneid, an epic poem in 12 books recounting the story of Aeneas. Who is referred to? A. Euripides C. Homer B. Aristophanes D. Virgil 196\. What is a novel about the education and development of the young hero? A. Burlesque C. Aestheticism B. Bildungsroman D. Allegory 197\. Which is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction? A. Oxymoron B. Metonymy C. Antithesis D. Parody 198\. In which type of novel are real people represented in the guise of fictional characters? A. Picaresque novel B. Epistolary novel C. Roman a clef D. Deux ex machine 199\. Which work of Dante Alighieri narrates his journey through Hell (the Inferno), Purgatory and finally, Paradise? A. Canterbury Tales B. Animal Farm C. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard D. Divine Comedy **11. THE TEACHING OF SPEAKING, LISTENING, READING** **11.1 Demonstrate understanding of the nature of the four language macro-components (listening, speaking, reading, and writing, including grammar) and the theoretical bases, principles, methods, and strategies in teaching these components** 200\. Which among the four basic types of assessment task in speaking requires \"parroting\" back words, phrases, and sentences, which students hear? A. Imitative C. Interactive B. Extensive D. Responsive 201\. Ms. Roallos, an English teacher, divided the class into groups and gave a problem-solving activity entitled \"Lost in a Desert Island.\" She wanted to provide her students with an activity that would allow them to signal that one wanted to speak. What specific speech routine used in conversation did Ms. Roallos adhere to? A. Feedback C. Interaction B. Initiating the task D. Turn-taking 202\. Which mandates that \"for purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino, and until otherwise provided by law, English?\" A. 1987 Philippine Constitution B. Education Act of 1982 C. R.A. 10533 D. R.A. 10157 203\. Ms. Comia gave her class a group assignment. The class must come up with possible solutions to the growing number of vandalism in their school. Each group is expected to come up with a proposal. What kind of assessment task in speaking is she using? A. Intensive B. Responsive C. Extensive D.Interactive 204\. Which type of situation in speaking involves face-to-face conversations and telephone calls, in which participants are alternately listening and speaking, and in which they have a chance to ask for clarification, repetition, or slower speech from their conversation partner? A. Interactive B. Non-interactive C. Partially interactive D.Extensivelly interactive 205\. The principal reminded the teacher, \"Make sure your tasks have a linguistic (language-based) objective, and seize the opportunity to help students to perceive and use meaningfully the building blocks of language.\" What principle in teaching speaking will the teacher follow? A. Focus on both fluency and accuracy B. Give students opportunities to initiate oral communication C. Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening D. All of the above 206\. To help the student to get to process information received, which of the following expressions should the teacher model? A. Asking for clarification (What did you say?) B. Asking someone to repeat something (Pardon me, please?) C. Using fillers (uh, I mean, Hmm) D.Getting someone\'s attention (Hey, say, so) 207\. Which of the following actions should the teacher do in order to encourage the students to participate in any speaking activity? I. Provide an oral or written text/prompt before engaging the learners in the speaking task. II\. Let the students write reflections about the activity. III\. Ask the students to share their ideas right away. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I, II and III 208\. In teaching speaking, particularly when teachers aim to provide appropriate feedback and correction to the learners who make an error because they have not had sufficient chance to observe the correct form or to develop sufficient knowledge of the language system, the teachers should I. not correct the learners but give more models and opportunities to observe the correct language form II\. correct the learners right away and teach the accurate, correct, and appropriate language form III\. let the learners\' errors remain for they will learn to correct them as they grow older A. I only C. III only B. II only D. I, II and III 209\. The teacher lets the students listen to a recorded oral text that provides students models on how to use \"uh-huh, right, OK, Hmm\", etc. Which speaking strategy does the teacher emphasize and develop? A. Asking for clarification B. Using conversation maintenance cues C. Getting someone\'s attention D. Asking someone to repeat 210\. To illustrate the principle, \"Encourage the use of authentic language.\" which of the following should teachers AVOID? A. Provide texts used in a particular discipline such as weather report, news report B. Design tasks such as interviewing for employment purpose, asking  information in a particular place, advertising a product or place, etc. C. Prepare audio-visual aids such as maps, globes, radio, books, references, etc. D. Use labels of any item, community announcements, speeches, etc. 211\. When focused on accuracy, the teacher lets the students realize the importanng of language form and usage given emphasis the thed speaking tasks by showing two videos: video emphasis in the speaking tage erroneously, and 2). A video showing people who use the language correctly. Which act is demonstrated by the teacher to make the students reflect and become more aware of what to look for to learn the language? A. Error correction C. Error analysis B. Consciousness raising D. Reflective thinking 212\. In teaching speaking for beginners, the teacher demonstrates this principle, \"Personalize the speaking activities whenever possible.\" Which activity/ies should the teacher provide? I. Ask the learners to complete the prompt, \"On my way to school, I saw II\. Ask the learners to read in chorus the list of words on the board. III Let the learners bring pictures of their family members, trips to different places, etc. and ask them to share a story about the picture. IV\. Let the learners recite the dialogue by rote. A. I and II C. II and III B. II and IV D. I and III 213\. A student shows unwillingness to participate in any speaking activity because when he reported in one subject, he was laughed at when he mispronounced some words such as \"stimulose\" for stimulus, \"ipikt\" for effect, etc. Which may be the reason of his problem in speaking? A. Has nothing to say C. L1 interference B. Naturally shy and timid D. Uneven participation 214\. Canale and Swain (1980) proposed that the teaching of speaking must aim at the development of the communicative competence; hence learners must be able to communicate freely and spontaneously. In this regard, what should speaking classes feature? A. Must be structured around functional uses of language B. Should emphasize language forms and structures C. Must be replete with translations, repetitions of drills using building blocks of language D. Should emphasize meaning only 215\. In teaching speaking, which of the following statements should the teacher observe to demonstrate the principles in teaching pattern drills? A. For beginners, introduce stress and intonation by pure imitation. B. Start by letting the students to be on their own in saying polite expressions like Hello!, Good Morning!, Good Afternoon, etc.  C. Ask students to use the expressions in meaningful discourse in chorus or individually. D. Illustrate the meaning of the expressions through translations, direct instruction, and dictation. 216\. Which of the following is/are an area\'s involved in speaking? I. Form and Mechanics including pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary which are the components in using the right words in the right order with the correct pronunciation II\. Functions such as transaction and interaction which require knowing when clarity of message is essential (transaction/information exchange) and when precise understanding is not required (interaction/relationship building) III\. Social and cultural rules and norms including turn-taking, rate of speech, length of pauses between speakers, relative roles of participants, and nderstanding how to take into account who is speaking to whom, in what circumstances, about what, and for what reason. A. I only B. I and II C. II and III D. I, II, and III 217\. In a speaking class, the teacher facilitates the lesson by observing this procedure: presenting a weather report, causing interaction by asking questions related to the text (weather report), taking notes of the students\' responses in the form of content and grammar points (Verb Tense), providing exercises individually or collaboratively for mastery of what have been presented, and letting the students perform a task (preparing a brochure on what to do during inclement weather conditions. Which of the following describe/s the teacher\'s instructional procedure? I. Provides a language input that is both content and form-oriented  II\. Uses a structured output focused on sound and word formation III\. Designs a communicative output to complete a task that integrates language form and function A. I and II B. II and IV C. II and III D. I and III 218\. Which of the following is NOT true about the language input used in speaking? A. Comes in the form of teacher talk, listening activities, reading passages, and the language heard and read outside of class B. Gives learners the material they need to begin producing the language orally C. May be content oriented or form oriented D. Presents the type of discourse/task designed by the teacher for the students to do at the end of the teaching session 219\. In teaching speaking, the teacher should recognize that A. all communicative output may in turn be a language input, hence, tasks must be carefully planned. B. all language input must be spoken; thus, there must be available materials to use. C. processing language input must be limited to form; therefore, the teacher must be a good model/source of language learning D. all structured output must be done on individual basis, hence, group work must be avoided. 220\. Using Information Gap Activity for beginners, the teacher uses prompts such as: \"Is my dress green?, Do I have long hair?, Are there thirty students in the class?, Are we Filipino?\", etc. Which of the following describe/s the teaching procedure? I. The teacher uses referential questions to help students discover unknown information. II\. The teacher uses display questions to promote student speaking, or to prompt them remember certain known information. III\. The teacher uses both referential and display questions IV\. The teacher helps the learners know and use the language. A. I and III B. II and III C. II and IV D. I and IV 221\. Considering the principles in teaching minimal pair drills, which of the following should the teacher AVOID? A Proceed from the known sound to the new one, e.g. from /p/to/f/ B. Pronounce the word pairs with the same intonation so as not to confuse the students with differences other than the sound contrast being illustrated, e.g. pit vs fit. C. Provide over drill and spend more time in the production of sound in similar contexts D. Use familiar words if possible and present one pronunciation problem at a time, e.g. /l/ vs /i/ in bit-beat first before ship and sheep. 222\. In using Think-Pair-Share strategy in a speaking class, which should the teacher AVOID? 1\. Initiate the task by posing a question, wait for a single student to respond, evaluate, and provide feedback II\. Pose a question, give students time to think or consider the question, discuss their responses with partners, and share their answers with the entire class III Use any question of interest that may resemble these ones: \"What do you consider as the most effective time of studying your lessons?\", \"How can you challenge students\' apprehension to speak?\", \"When was the last time you lied?. \"What makes you laugh or smile?\", \"An eye for an eye will make the world blind.\", etc. A. I only C. II and III B. II only D. I and II 223\. Games are effective strategies to use in speaking classes. Which of the following principles is VIOLATED in using games? A. Games can be great tools for reviewing the lesson and help students recall what they have learned such as vocabulary and grammar rules. B. Games to be presented must require minimal language use, outright elimination, complicated, with elaborate set-up/procedures to stimulate challenge, or must be overly simple especially with young adult and older learners. C. Games can provide both rehearsed and extemporaneous, language practice, D. Games, if done right, can increase motivation making the students enjoy and be productive in acquiring and learning the language 224\. The teacher aims to develop in the students the ability to hear sounds accurately and to produce these sounds correctly and automatically. In doing pronunciation drill in a speaking class, which is the correct sequence of activities? I. Let students listen to the teacher/tape for the individual sound of sounds, and sound of words, and in phrases and sentences. II\. Ask students to produce the sound contrasts in words, phrases, and sentences. III\. Let students listen to the sound of a word in contrast with another sound/s in words, phrases, and in sentences. IV\. Ask students to produce the sound of sounds and words, and in phrases and sentences. A. I-II-II-IV C. I-IV-III-II B. I-IV-II-I D. II-III-IV-I **12. TEACHING OF LITERATURE** **12.1 Apply principles, skills, and strategies gained to literary instruction** 225\. Which strategy is for reading literature where the reader responds to the literary and cultural impact of the text by identifying images and themes and writing marginal notes about them? A. Previewing B. Highlighting C. Annotating D. Reading 226\. Literature is language in use; as such, language becomes the medium or the tool of literature. Therefore, language is A. separable from literature B. inseparable from literature C. beyond literature D. the development of more than linguistic ability 227\. Which is an engaging task of recording experiences, ideas, insights or reflection on a regular basis that encourages students to articulate their minds than merely restating information about a text? A. Role Play B. Brainstorming C. Journal writing D. Pantomime 228\. The reading and teaching of literature must yield not only enjoyment but also A. understanding C. information B. knowledge D. pleasure 229\. In teaching literature, the task of the teacher is not just to provide the students with information. Therefore, he/she should NOT do the following EXCEPT A tell what each piece of literature is about B. prescribe interpretations; do character studies C. make a synopsis, dictate notes D. enable his/her students to discover for themselves what the work is about, giving encouragement when and where needed 230\. Which of the following pairs of words do NOT rhyme? A. Cry-buy C. Write-right B. Face-race D. Cunning-running 231\. Which is an approach to literature and the other arts that stresses reason, balance, clarity, ideal beauty and orderly form in imitation of the arts of ancient Greece and Rome? A. Realism C. Romanticism B. Classicism. D. Imagism 232\. The play \"Oedipus the King\" by Sophocles starts with a crisis: The bans are suffering from a plague caused by the murder of the former king. Oedipus, the present and trusted leader, in his search for truth finally found out that he himself was the killer he is looking for. What approach to starting a drama is illustrated here? A. Accretive plot. C. Enmedias res. B. Unfolding plot. D. Linear plot 234\. The statement \"Once upon a time in a distant land\" exemplifies the A. setting of the story C. time of the setting B. place of the setting D. local color 235\. Which benefit is derived from literature as we engage ourselves in a continuing process of refining our capabilities to use language and our sensibilities to good language use? A. Wisdom C. Cultural function B. Exploration of a world view. D. Language enhancement 236\. Which is an early 20^th^ century movement in literature and the arts that broke with traditional forms, conventions and expectations, challenging accepted notions of the relationship between art and everyday life, and experimenting with new techniques and new modes of representing reality? A. Modernism C. Scientific realism B. Postmodernism. D. Realism 237\. The curriculum goes through the stages of curriculum planning, curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation. The production of instructional materials falls under \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. curriculum planning and implementation B. curriculum planning and evaluation C. curriculum planning D. curriculum evaluation 238\. An important step in ensuring the relevance of the instructional materials to the rest of the curriculum is to keep a list of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. policies issued by Deped B. goals and objectives of the curriculum C. provision in the continuation of the PTA. D. visions and mission of the school 239\. Which materials are used to help students organize information through the use of a combination of shapes, figures, and lines? I. Graph I organizer II\. Material organizer III\. Pocket organized A.I only C. I and II B.II only. D. I, II and III 240\. Which of the following qualifies as an authentic material? A. A label of a can good C. A paragraph from the book B. A list of isolated sentences. D. A series of vocabulary words 241\. Which teaching strategies in K to 12 curriculum addresses the issue on irrelevance of instructional materials? I. Localization II\. Authentication III\. Contextualization A.I only C. I, II B.II only. D. I, I and III 242\. Which of the following qualities does NOT describe a teacher in the preparation, selection, and utilization of instructional materials? A. Creative C. Fashionable B. Resourceful. D. Culture-sensitive 243\. The following materials are used to activate students' schema or prior knowledge. EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. opinionaire C. anticipation guide B. story impression. D. story star 244\. To illustrate the use of a comprehensible input in language teaching to grade 4 students, the teacher may use the following texts EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. recorded song C. a written weather report B. video clip. D. a journal article 245\. In K to 12 Curriculum, which two types of texts are prescribed to facilitate and enrich learning? I. Literary rest as primary text II\. Informative test as parallel text III\. Literary text as parallel text IV\. Informative test as primary text A.I and III C. I and II B.II and IV. D. III and IV 246\. One prime consideration of instructional materials' use is to link the materials to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. curriculum C. current issues B. policies. D. textbook board 247\. Which of the following should Teacher Jessica use if she wishes to answer the question, "What do the scores tell me about what students have learned? ". A. Test C. Assessment B. Evaluation. D. Measurement 248\. One of the prerequisites to entry to University A is based on the general knowledge or skills of the applicants. Which of the following test types should it administer? A. Diagnostic Test C. Proficiency Test B. Placement Test. D. Achievement Test 249\. What type of test is based on the amount of learning the students have accomplished with very specific reference to a particular course?. A. Diagnostic Test C. Proficiency Test B. Placement Test. D. Achievement Test 250\. If a language teacher aims to group his/her students with similar ability levels so he/she could focus on the problems and learning points appropriate for that level of students, which type of test will be appropriate?. A. Diagnostic Test C. Proficiency Test B. Placement Test. D. Achievement Test 251\. Which type of test is administered at the beginning or middle of the term and are aimed at fostering achievement by promoting strengths and eliminating the weaknesses of individual students,? A. Diagnostic Test C. Proficiency Test B. Placement Test. D. Achievement Test 252\. Which of the following is NOT an objective of a diagnostic test? A. Determine what existing knowledge, skills, attitudes, interests and needs the students has. B. Determine the range of individual differences C. Determine what program or modifications are required to meet the needs of individuals D. Determine the level of study they the students would benefit from 253\. The following questions all pertain to validity EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. do all the items seem to be measuring the same thing? B. Does the test cover all aspects of what it claims to measure? C. So the test items look like realistic, authentic uses of what is being measured? D. Does the test meet the limits of existing resources including time and test administrations? 254\. Who among the following teachers is doing formative assessment? A. Ms. Canals who asked series of questions in the middle of the lecture to determine if students understood the concepts. B. Mr. Galang who gave a test at the end of the grading period to determine if the goals of the program are met C. Ms. Tulabut who gave a test to determine what students know before the unit begins D. Ms. Jaochico who gave a text at the end of the semester to determine if the course outcomes are met 255\. The effect of testing in teaching and learning is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. wash back C. auditability B. construct. D. credibility 256\. Ms. Cruz wants to measure the language abilities of her students using direct testing. Which of the following is NOT recommended? A. Writing letters C. Cloze test B. Role-play. D. Information gap task 257\. The following are examples of discrete point testing EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. essay writing C. yes/no answers B. spelling test. D. true/false answers 258\. Dr. Tubera uses alternative methods of assessment. Which will he NOT likely use? A. Multiple Choice Test C. Oral Presentations B. Reflective Journal Writing. D. Developing Portfolios 259\. Mrs. David\'s going to construct a test in English. What must she do first? A. Write the test items C. Let\'s expert validate the test B. List down the test objectives. D. Prepare a table of specifications 260\. Which of the following is an example of a beneficial backwash? A. If the skill of writing is test only by multiple choice items, there is a great pressure to practice such items B. If teachers ignore the subjects and activities which do not contribute directly to passing the exams. C. If a test regarded as important, preparation for it can dominate teaching activities. D. If what is assessed becomes what is valued and what is valued becomes what is taught.  15.1 Apply principles and approaches in research to find answers to questions in language and   literature teaching and learning   16.1 Apply principles and strategies in writing the various parts (e.g. editorial, news, feature story,   etc.) of a campus paper  291\. Which statement is a clear distinction between news and features? A. Length C. Events B. Topic D. Treatment 292\. If an inaccuracy is brought to the attention of the paper, it should immediately publish any of the following EXCEPT A. rectification C. correction B. erratum D. verification 293\. In writing the news story, the following are to be avoided EXCEPT A. padding C. playing up the dominant point B. coloring D. editorializing 294\. The instinct of a reporter to identify or sort out news from an array of facts is a skill that is called the newsman\'s sixth sense and referred to as A. expertise C. watchdog function B. nose for news D. objective journalism 17\. TRANSLATION AND EDITING OF TEXT 17.1 Apply the rules of discourse and rhetoric in editing various kinds of written materials 17.2 Demonstrate understanding of basic theories and concepts as applied to the writing and editing of various types of texts 17.3 Apply principles and strategies in translating texts of various types from English to another language or from another language to English 205\. Which word is erroneous in the sentence \"Who do you choose to lead the nation? A Who C. Lead B. Choose D Nation 296\. Which type of error is evident in the sentence \"I came, I saw, I conquered? A. Parallelism C Capitalization B. Spelling D Punctuation 297.Which of the following components are required by most translation perspectives? A. Sensitivity to style and faithfulness to content B. Sensitivity to style and faithfulness to register C. Faithfulness to register and avoidance of utopia D. Faithfulness to content and avoidance of domestication 298\. Which perspective considers the speaker and his/her background when translating text? A. Communicative B. Philological C. Linguistic D. Socio-semiotic 299\. What technique does a translator utilize when she uses generic ser culturally sensitive words such as \"pasma\" and \"tampo\" without direct equivalent? A. Closest Equivalence B. Cultural Equivalence C Idiomatic Translation D. Generic Correspondence 300\. Which is the best translation for the verse \"For He gave order and perfection to seven firmaments\" (Koran 2:29)? A Dahil Siya ang nagbigay kaayusan at kagalingan sa pitong kalangitan B. Sapagkat Siya ang nagbigay kaayusan at kagalingan mula sa pitong kalangitan C. Dahil Siya ang nagbigay kaayusan at kagalingan hanggang sa pitong kalangitan D. Sapagkat Siya ang nagbigay kaayusan at perpeksyon mula sa pitong kalangitan 301\. Which is the translation of the term \"kikay\" according to Oxford English Dictionary? A Vain B. Flirtatious C. Seductive D. Fabulous 302\. When translating Derrida\'s work, writers need to observe abusive fidelity. Which of the following may be added while maintaining Derrida\'s syntax, lexicon, and pun? A. Coordinating Conjunctions B. Adjectives C. Adverbs D. Prepositions 303\. Which of the following elements of the works of Stephen Kung, Danielle Steel, and John Grisham may NOT be translated into French? A. Genre B. Setting C. Characterization D. Theme 304\. Which of the following can a translator add to translation to clarify through definitions and citations? A. Interpretation B. Comments C. Version D. Annotation 18.1 Demonstrate understanding of the process of oral communication and the various forms of speech arts from public speaking and group discussions to debate, oral interpretation, and dramatics 305\. Which is NOT an example of visualization before performing literary text? A Mentally outlining performance B. Mentally reacting to possible threats of performance C. Imagining oneself walking on stage D. Imagining oneself finishing the performance 306\. Which is NOT an example of \"exigence\" of literary piece to be staged? A. Autism C. Crush B. Child Labor D. Morning Sun 307\. Which is NOT covered by ethical use of literature when cutting and adapting? A. Adding scenes C. Rewriting text B. Eliminating characters D. Shortening of text 308\. Which of the following is an example of metatest? A. The literary allusion in \"Anna in the Tropics\" B. The reviews on \"Anna in the Tropics\" published online C. The translation of \"Les Miserables\" D. The analysis of stock figures and archeotypes in \"Anna Karenina\" 309\. Which is an example of a cross of the fourth wall? A. Shakespeare\'s characters saying an aside to the audience B. Hamlet\'s soliloquy C. Narrator being detached from characters D. Characters doing apostrophe with God as addressee 310\. Which is NOT an example of cultural story\" A. Aesop\'s fables B. Little Red Riding Hood C. The Parable of Talents D. The Good Earth (P. S. Buck) 311\. Which is an example of spectacle in a stage play? A. The set C. The budget B. The audience D. The twist 312\. Which of the following actors uses emotional memory? A. An actor who is stereotyped for a dramatic role  B. An actor who is an understudy but performs better C. An actor who uses related incident to relive feelings D. An actor who analyzes character\'s motives to internalize 313\. Which of the following is ignored in color-blind casting? A. Popularity of non-theater actors C. Nationality of actors B. Talent fees of veteran actors D. Preference of director 314\. Which scene requires gaze on the part of actors? A. Lovers preparing for a kiss B. Witnesses seeing a crime C. Protagonists having an intense a D. Antagonist delivering monologue 315\. Which is the study of literature through the oral performance of a spesi creates and recreates the meaning and mood of the selection? A. Declamation C. Poetry Interpretation B. Oral Interpretation D. Public Speaking 19\. CREATIVE WRITING 19.1 Apply theories, concepts and skills in creative writing to include biographical sketches, fiction, creative non-fiction and poetry 316\. Which pleasure in writing may relatives of decomed writers likely enjoy! A Popularity C. Readership B. Royalty D Self-Expression 317\. Which benefit of writing do bylines provide? A. Popularity C. Readership B. Royalty D. Self-Expresion 318\. Which kind of journal did Jobe Steinbeck jeep befire publishing Graper of Whatky? A. Working C. Common Place B. Idea D. All aspect 319\. Which figure of speech does a writer use when she describes his or her condition as horribly fine? A. Pun C. Portmanteau B. Oxymoron D Hyperbole 320\. Which point of view is used in autobiography? A. First person B. Third person C. Second person D. Stream of consciousness 321\. Which of the following is portmanteau word? A. Black gold C. FAN-ny B. E-book D. Thin and tiny 321\. Which of the following is portmanteau word? A.Black gold B.FAN-ny C.E-book D.Thin and tiny 322\. Which criterion in effective diction is met when a writer uses Pantene instead of shampoo? A.Denotation B.Concreteness C.Connotation D.Accuracy 323\. What type of diction error is in the next sentence? The dirty, filthy kitchen is the prime suspect for diarrhea among the household members. A.Over modification B.Excessive variation C.Use of archaic term D.Use of highfalutin word 324\. What pre-requisite to writing did the writers Herman Melville (Moby Dick), Juan Crisostomo Soto (Lidia), and Dan Brown do (Angels and Demons) before writing their stipulated celebrated works? A.Immersion B.Imagination C.Research D.Journaling 325\. Which character is created to contradict another character and invite audience to rethink? A.Antagonist B.Foil C.Protagonist D.Flat 326. What type of exposition is used in the excerpt below? "Dr. Jekyll reiterated to Mr. Utterson that his decision was final regarding the will, that nothing could change it. 'I hope you understand, that I really have great interest in poor Hyde..." A.Flashback B.Epiphany C.Foreshadowing  D.Scene 327\. Which words in the following excerpt observe the quality verisimilitude? "He asked his girlfriend why she is unusually quiet. She answered, 'Nothing' A.Asked and answered B. He and girlfriend C. Quiet and nothing  D. He and she 328\. Which is the problem of narration evident in the next excerpt? "Mon was desperate for a weapon to defend himself and instantly found the knife resting and tempting" A.Needless complication B. Sudden comfort C. Sudden omniscience D. Pogo Stick       329 What type of point of view is used in the next excerpt? "Michael is a pitiful specimen. Permanent shaving rash, whiny voice. He looks crumpled and pale as a parched mushroom. I used to have a fantasy about him living his eventless little life in the small cupboard under my stairs." A.Detached Autobiography B.Interior Monologue  C.Dramatic Monologue  D.Unreliable                  330\. What is the poetic problem in the next excerpt? "Midhoary trees her shadows could be seen" A.Anonymous Voice B.Archaic Diction C.Appealing Abstraction D.For the sake of rhyme 331\. What type of rhyme can be associated with assonance and consonance?                      II. Internal rhyme                      III. Eye rhyme A.I only B.III only C.II only D.I, II and III 332\. Which type of fiction has distinct themes such as Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventure of Tom Sawyer?" A.Mainstream B.Science Fiction C.Category D.Modern Fiction 333\. What is the usual type of a main character according to description? A.Round B.Protagonist C.Flat D.Antagonist 334\. What kind of character is a stepmother such that in Cinderella? A.Foil B.Dynamic C.Stock D.Static 335 What type of characterization is used in the next excerpt? "Sheryl's hair was always unkempt. She does not devote precious time to comb the tangled strands busying herself with her reading." A.Direct B.Indirect C.Implied D.Understood 336\. What style in dialogue is evident in the next excerpt? ""Itay, Pablo said while putting together in his head the next consoling words." A.Local Color B.Formality C.Stating the Obvious D.Contraction 337 What problem in dialogue may be encountered when an author uses detailed eulogy in the wake of an accomplished man? A.Dialect B.Swearing C.Long Speech D.Lack of verisimilitude  338. Which prerequisite to research did Cornelia Funke do by living with street thieves to write her book "The Thief Lord"? A.Documentation B.Immersion C.Portfolio D.Interview 339\. Which technique does a writer use when s/he describes something while tapping different senses? A.Figures of Speech B.Idiomatic Expression C.Imagery D.Local Color 340\. Which technique does a writer use when s/he refers to a sight of an ugly picture as "a blast from the past"? A.Pun B.Litotes C.Simile D.Metaphor Answer Key 1\. Option B. Some graphic similarity A miscue would be considered having some graphic similarity if one of the three parts a word similarity. A miscue is of no graphic similarity when the text-printed word and the reader\'s is broken into is visually similar to the text printed word when broken into thirds. No graphic pronunciation of the word do not have any common letters or number of letters. 2\. Option B. Aided retelling In unaided retelling, the teacher praises the reader and asks the student to tell the story in his/her own words. 3. Option D. Instructional Reading Level Independent Reading Level. Easy reading. In oral reading, a child would have one or less word calling errors in 100 words of text, with 100 percent accuracy on comprehension questions about the story. A student could read it alone with ease. Frustration Reading Level. This is too hard for the reader. Word errors are over 5 per 100 words of text. Comprehension questions are below 70 percent accuracy. 4. Option B. Dyslexia. Dysgraphia-affects the ability to recognize forms in letters, to write letters and words on paper and to understand the relationship between sounds, spoken words and written letters. Dyscalcula-type of learning disability that causes students to show inability to process information using numerical figures and poor computational and logical-mathematical skills. 5\. Option C. For the child who has difficulty with interaction, use auditory aids, repeat an instruction if requested, phrase questions carefully, and use open-ended questions requiring an elaboration (\'what do you like to drink?\'), than closed questions indicating a preference (\'Do you want orange or milk?\') The other items can help remediate the cited learning difficulties. 6\. Option C. Dysgraphia Dyslexia- type of reading disability that causes students to have the confusion and difficulty with the written language, particularly in reading and spelling, tendency to interchange letters within the words when reading or spelling, confuse letters such as b, d, p, and q, and have difficulty grasping sound-letter associations in words. Dyscalcula-type of learning disability that causes students to show inability to process information using numerical figures and poor computational and logical-mathematical skills. 7. Option A. Metacognitive Affective learning strategy- (e.g.self-encouragement, anxiety reduction) Social learning strategy (e.g.ask questions, become culturally aware) Compensation learning strategy-(e.g. guessing meanings, using synonyms) 8. Option B. It is syntactically incorrect. Miscue analysis focuses specifically on \"cueing systems\" used by the reader labeled as the graphophonic system (visual cues based on graphic similarity), the syntactic system (syntax or structure cues- sentence the reader might produce in his/her dialect of the language in which the text appears), and the semantic system (meaning cues- what the student has read make sense). 9\. Option C. Previews a selection and rereads difficult passages The other items are ordinary things done during reading. 10\. Option C. Reading is driven by the text, not the reader The other choices describe top-down model. 11. Option A. expressive disorder to make sense of what is heard, to distinguish between syllables, words and sentences. Auditory processing disorder manifests through difficulty to process what has been said and may be particularly upset by loud or sudden noises or noisy environments. Receptive disorder is a problem in understanding certain aspects of speech such as hearing words but not always making sense of them, e.g. to confuse between a bell and a ball; being slow to respond to questions and instructions; may be having limited vocabulary and trouble working out what a story was about, being confused with prepositions and may be having difficulties with spatial and temporal relationships. 12. Option C. Ammo Ammo is the clipped form of ammunition. Slang is a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal and are more common in speech than in writing. 13\. Option A. Simulation All other options are activities in an ESP class. 14. Option D. Target Situation Analysis Target Situation Analysis determines the need in ESP including necessity wants, lack, 15\. Option C. it is centered on the language appropriate to those activities in syntax, lexis, discourse, semantics, etc., and analysis of this discourse The rest of the options are characteristics of ESP. 16\. Option A. Pedagogy Other options are jargons of other disciplines 17\. Option C. English for Technicians The other options are not specific to a particular discipline 18\. Option C. widely used in informal and formal speech and writing Slang expressions are not inappropriate in formal speech and writing. 19\. Option A. Annual Reports Annual reports are outputs of established agencies/offices. 20. Option B. Sequential teaching of language forms The other choices are all features of K-12 Enflishin the secondary level. 21\. Option D. Audio-Lingual Method GTM-structural; DM-communicative, teacher-directed; Suggestopedia-humanistic) 22\. Option C. curriculum planning The other choices are carried out during and after implementation. 23. Option C. goals and objectives of the curriculum The other choices are broad statements to serve as basis in establishing relevance of instructional materials. 24. Option C. Task-based syllabus. Situational syllabus uses situations; grammatical syllabus uses grammar points, whereas topical syllabus uses content topics of an area of discipline 25\. Option C. To hone independent study strategies through prescribed tasks. Tasks are varied and relative to the needs of the learners. 26\. Option D. oral proficiency ALM emphasizes correct pronunciation and repetition of the target language. 27\. Option D. I, II, III All of the above 28\. Option C. follows the listen-speak-read-write sequence of skills. Learners are exposed to comprehensible input, before they acquire the language and render it as an output. 29\. Option A. is Literature-based and genre-focused. The other choices are features of K to 12 language teaching in secondary level 30\. Option A. authentic materials The other materials are intended for classroom use. 31\. Option C. course syllabus The other choices do not contain the same components. 32\. Option C. The target language is used as an auxiliary/support language. The DM does not allow translation or use of native language (L1). 33\. Option A. Skill-based syllabus TBS uses holistic, and life-like tasks, CBS uses content/topics of a discipline, and NFS uses concepts and functions of language. 34\. Option C. Comprehensible Input Affective filter is concerned with the motivational aspect of language learning; the Monitor deals with editing or correction; and the Natural Order deals with the natural sequence of acquired language forms. 35\. Option A. Quality This item measures understanding of a pragmatic theory. Paul Grice (1975) explained that an utterance can elicit an implicature, which is not part of the utterance and does not follow a necessary consequence, if any of the conversational maxims is violated (Parker and Riley 2010). Further, the process of violating a conversational maxim as \"flouting.\" Conversations, according to the Cooperative Principle by Grice (Parker and Riley, 2010) are governed by the following maxims: (1) Quantity (the participant\'s contribution should be informative); (2) Quality (the participant\'s contribution should be true); (3) Relation (the contribution should be relevant); and Manner (the contribution should be clear). In the given item, the teacher flouted the maxim of quality because the teacher\'s contribution in the conversation is definitely not true. 36\. Option D. strategic Canale and Swain (1980) identify grammatical competence (words and rules), sociolinguistic context or situation), discourse competence competence (appropriateness, social (cohesion and coherence, logical organization) and strategic competence (appropriate use of communication, or coping strategies) as the major components of communicative competence. 37\. Option A. A voiceless stop is aspirated if it begins a syllable of a stressed vowel. In phonology, voiceless stops \[p\], \[t\]. \[k\] can be aspirated \[+aspirated\] or \[\"\] when they begin a syllable and are followed by a stressed vowel (Parker and Riley, 2010). The \[t\] in \"attack,\" \[k\] in \"can\", \[p\] in \"paper\", and \[k\