Child Development MCQ PDF

1. The stages of life include: A. Babyhood, childhood, adolescence, adulthood B. Infancy, teenage, elderly C. Childhood, adulthood, seniority D. Adolescence, teenage, old age 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the development process?...

1. The stages of life include: A. Babyhood, childhood, adolescence, adulthood B. Infancy, teenage, elderly C. Childhood, adulthood, seniority D. Adolescence, teenage, old age 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the development process? A. Physical growth B. Behavioral change C. Cognitive development D. Financial growth 3. Growth refers to: A. A qualitative increase in abilities B. A quantitative increase in size or body mass C. The development of motor skills D. The improvement of social interactions 4. Development is defined as: A. The quantitative increase in size B. The progressive acquisition of various skills C. The control of muscles for skilled movement D. The learning of new languages 5. Development is qualitative in nature and includes skills related to: A. Financial abilities B. Physical growth only C. Motor, cognitive, social, and personality skills D. Nutrition and diet 6. Motor development refers to: A. Intellectual growth B. A sequence of movement behavior changes C. The development of language skills D. Social interactions between individuals 7. An example of motor development is: A. Learning to read B. Development of ambulation from rolling to walking C. Understanding abstract concepts D. Developing the ability to speak multiple languages 8. Intellectual abilities involved in cognitive development include: A. Motor control, walking, climbing B. Learning, memory, language, problem-solving C. Social interactions, teamwork D. Height and weight  9. Social development involves changes in: A. Memory and language skills B. Intellectual problem-solving C. Interaction with others and social relationships D. Growth in body mass 10.An example of early social development in babies is: A. Learning to walk B. Learning to speak C. Making eye contact and responding to voices D. Solving math problems 11.Motor control refers to: A. Development of social relationships B. Initiating and directing purposeful voluntary movements C. Learning new intellectual skills D. Emotional development during childhood 12.Motor learning refers to: A. Acquiring social skills through practice B. Learning to control emotions C. Acquiring a motor skill through practice and refinement D. Developing cognitive problem-solving skills 13.An example of motor learning is: A. Learning a new language B. Driving a car automatically after practice C. Memorizing historical dates D. Making new friends 14.Motor learning is described as: A. An internal neurologic process for refining movements B. A process of cognitive development C. The acquisition of social interactions D. A temporary phase in childhood development 15.What is the length of a newborn at birth? A. 40 cm B. 50 cm C. 60 cm D. 70 cm 16.At what age does a child's height approximately double the height at birth? A. 1 year B. 4 years C. 13 years D. 10 years  17.When does a newborn typically regain their birth weight? A. Within 2 days B. Within 1 week C. Within 2 weeks D. Within 1 month 18.By how many months does a child triple their birth weight? A. 5 months B. 10 months C. 12 months D. 24 months 19.By what percentage is the brain developed at 12 months of age? A. 50% B. 60% C. 75% D. 90% 20.What is the typical weight of a newborn at birth? A. 1-2 kg B. 2-3 kg C. 3-4 kg D. 4-5 kg 21.How much weight does a baby gain per day until 3 months of age? A. 7-14 g/day B. 14-28 g/day C. 28-35 g/day D. 35-50 g/day 22.By what age does the brain reach 80% of its adult size? A. 1 year B. 2 years C. 3 years D. 5 years 23.What is one consequence of unequal lower limb length? A. Enhanced motor skills B. Increased balance C. Scoliosis D. Improved gait 24.What is the name of the combination formed when an ovum is fertilized by a sperm? A. Zygote B. Embryo C. Fetus  D. Blastocyst 25.25. What does the term "conception" most often refer to? A. Fertilization of the ovum by the sperm B. Birth of the baby C. Growth of the embryo in the uterus D. Formation of the conceptus after implantation 26.Which of the following is used to describe how far along a pregnancy is in weeks? A. Embryonic age B. Gestational age C. Fetal age D. Postnatal age 27.How is embryonic age different from gestational age? A. Embryonic age is measured from birth. B. Embryonic age starts 2 weeks before gestational age. C. Embryonic age starts at fertilization, while gestational age starts from the last menstrual cycle. 1. Both are the same. 28.. How long is a normal pregnancy typically expected to last? A. 36-40 weeks B. 37-41 weeks C. 38-42 weeks D. 39-43 weeks 29.. Development is continuous from conception until when? A. Adulthood B. Infancy C. Maturity D. Old age 30.. Which of the following can halt the continuity of development temporarily? A. Growth spurts B. Severe malnutrition or disease C. Emotional stress 31.Which of the following best describes the principle of gradual development? A. Development comes all at once. B. Development is fast in early stages and slows down. C. Development is a slow, cumulative process. D. Development happens irregularly. 32.Which principle explains that children follow the same pattern of development but at different rates?  A. Development is sequential B. Development is unique C. Development is cephalocaudal D. Development is continuous 33.At what age do infants typically begin to gain control of their legs? A. 1 to 3 months B. 3 to 6 months C. 6 to 12 months D. 12 to 18 months 34.According to the proximodistal principle, which develops first? A. Hands and feet B. Fingers and toes C. Arms D. Spinal cord 35.Which principle suggests that individual children may reach developmental milestones at different times? A. Development is continuous B. Individual rates of development C. Development is inter-related D. Development depends on maturation 36.Which of the following is an example of hypertrophy in development? A. Increase in the number of brain cells B. Increase in the size of muscle cells C. Reduction in cell size D. Decrease in the number of cells 37.Which principle highlights that cognitive, social, and motor developments are interconnected? a) Development is inter-related b) Development is sequential c) Development is continuous d) Development depends on maturation 38.Which factor is responsible for biological changes during development? A. Environment B. Maturation C. Nutrition D. Exercise 39.Which principle states that development is influenced by both heredity and environment? A. Development is sequential B. Development is continuous  C. Development is gradual D. Development is a product of both heredity and environment 40.According to which principle does the brain develop before the fingers and toes? A. Cephalocaudal B. Proximodistal C. Hyperplasia D. Sequential 41.Which of the following does NOT influence development according to the principles? A. Heredity B. Environment C. Culture D. None of the above 42.What is the process of human development from fertilization until birth called? A) Embryogenesis B) Prenatal Development C) Postnatal Development D) Gestational Period lec 2 43.What is a reflex? A. A voluntary action B. A type of mutation C. An involuntary or automatic action D. A prenatal abnormality 44.Which of the following is a dominant genetic disorder? a) Phenylketonuria b) Muscular dystrophy c) Down syndrome d) Sickle-cell anemia 45.Which of the following is NOT considered a teratogen? a) Cigarette smoke b) Alcohol c) Sickle-cell anemia d) Radiation 46.What is the primary cause of autosomal recessive disorders? a) A single dominant gene b) A pair of recessive genes  c) Mutation due to UV radiation d) Smoking during pregnancy 47.Which disease can be transmitted from a mother to her child during pregnancy and lead to mental retardation or brain swelling? a) Herpes b) Down syndrome c) Phenylketonuria d) Muscular dystrophy 48.Which of the following is linked to low birth weight in infants? a) Maternal exercise b) Smoking c) Genetic mutation d) Premature birth 49.Which of the following may result from maternal drug use during pregnancy? a) Enhanced brain development b) Fetal alcohol syndrome c) Increased immune function d) Genetic mutation 50.What is the normal gestational age range for a full-term newborn? A. 28 to 32 weeks B. 32 to 36 weeks C. 38 to 42 weeks D. 40 to 44 weeks 51.What is the expected weight range for a normal newborn? A. 1.5 to 2.5 kg B. 2.5 to 3 kg C. 3 to 4 kg D. 4 to 5 kg 52.Which of the following conditions is a risk factor for mechanical fetal injury? A. Prematurity B. Fetal macrosomia C. Low birth weight D. Maternal age above 40 53.What is the normal respiratory rate for a healthy newborn? A. 20-30 breaths/minute B. 30-40 breaths/minute C. 40-50 breaths/minute D. 50-60 breaths/minute 54.Which of the following infections is commonly associated with fatal infections in premature infants? A. Group B Streptococcus B. Staphylococcus aureus C. E. coli D. Klebsiella pneumoniae 55.Which birth injury could lead to Erb’s palsy? A. Brachial plexus injury B. Fractured clavicle C. Skull fracture D. Cephalohematoma 56.What heart rate is expected in a healthy newborn? A. 60 to 80 beats/minute B. 80 to 100 beats/minute C. 100 to 140 beats/minute D. 140 to 160 beats/minute 57.Which of the following is NOT a complication of post-maturity? A. Neonatal hypoglycemia B. Meconium aspiration syndrome C. Prematurity D. Asphyxia 58. What is the birth weight classified as "very low birth weight"? A. Less than 1500g B. Less than 2000g C. Less than 1000g D. Less than 2500g 59.What is the birth weight classified as " low birth weight"? A. Less than 1500g B. Less than 2000g C. Less than 1000g D. Less than 2500g 60.Intrapartum asphyxia primarily causes damage to which body system? A. Respiratory system B. Cardiovascular system C. Nervous system D. Gastrointestinal system 61.Where do reflexes primarily occur in the body? A. At the level of the cerebral cortex B. Cortically, under conscious control C. Subcortically, below the level of higher brain centers  D. In the peripheral nervous system only 62.Which type of reflex is responsible for survival and protection functions in newborns? A. Postural reactions B. Primitive reflexes C. Locomotor reactions D. Voluntary motor reflexes 63.What is the dominant form of movement during the last 4 months of prenatal life and the first 4 months after birth? A. Voluntary movement B. Reflexive movement C. Postural movement D. Locomotor movement 64..Which of the following is a primitive reflex used for nutrition in newborns? A. Stepping reflex B. Sucking reflex C. Moro reflex D. Righting reflex 65.. Which reflex is closely associated with the development of upright posture? A. Moro reflex B. Labyrinthine reflex C. Stepping reflex D. Rooting reflex 66.When does the stepping reflex typically disappear in infants? A. Around the 6th month of life B. At birth C. After the first year of life D. At 2 months of age 67.Which condition may result in the persistence of an infant reflex beyond the appropriate age? A. Reflexive maturity B. Brain damage or neurological dysfunction C. Healthy nervous system development D. Adequate nourishment 68.What might the bilateral absence of the Moro reflex indicate? A. Normal development B. Fractured clavicle C. Central nervous system damage  D. Brachial plexus injury 69.Which reflex is specifically tested as part of diagnosing potential motor delays in infants? A. Stepping reflex B. Sucking reflex C. Moro reflex D. Rooting reflex 70.. Teratogens are best described as: A. Genetic mutations B. Environmental factors that harm the fetus C. Prenatal reflexes D. Dominant genetic disorders 71.Fetal alcohol syndrome is linked to which of the following? a) Increased birth weight b) Neurological improvement c) Heart defects and body malformations d) Enhanced immune system 72.Which of the following terms describes a birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation? A. Mature birth B. Postmature birth C. Premature birth D. Term birth 73.Which of the following terms describes a birth that occurs After 42 weeks of gestation A. Mature birth B. Postmature birth C. Premature birth D. Term birth 74.. What is a reflex? A. A conscious movement in response to a stimulus B. A stereotyped movement in response to a stimulus transmitted to and from the central nervous system C. A random movement not related to any stimulus D. A movement controlled by the cerebral cortex Lec 3 75.Which muscle groups are involved in gross motor skills? A. Small muscle groups  B) Large muscle groups C) Tongue muscles D) Finger muscles 76.Which of the following is NOT a gross motor skill? A) Running B) Jumping C) Picking up small objects D) Crawling 77.What helps accelerate the velocity of stimulation to facilitate motor nerve activity? A) Muscle contraction B) Increased diameter of nerve dendrites C) Reflex action D) Subcortical reflexes 78.Fine motor skills primarily involve movements of: A) Arms and legs B) Fingers, toes, and wrists C) Entire body D) Neck and trunk 79.What do reflex movements eventually give way to as an infant matures? A) Increased reflexes B) Voluntary movements C) Spontaneous movements D) None of the above 80.At what age is a child typically able to crawl? A) 2 months  B) 6 months C) 12 months D) 4 months 81.Which reflex is prominent during the first year of life? A) Grasp reflex B) Voluntary movements C) Reflexive movements D) Flexor withdrawal 82.What is one of the final gross motor milestones typically achieved? A) Sitting B) Running C) Jumping D) Crawling 83.What controls movement production as reflexes disappear? A) Subcortical mechanisms B) Cerebral cortex C) Muscular system D) Proprioception 84.At what age should an infant exhibit good head control? A) 1 month B) 2 months C) 4 months D) 6 months 85.What does good head control require? A) Reflexes B) Muscle strength and coordination C) Spinal flexibility  D) Vision 86.At 4 months of age, what should an infant be able to do in a prone position? A) Lift the head past 45 degrees B) Sit independently C) Roll from back to stomach D) Stand with support 87.When does an infant typically develop the ability to flex the head from the supine position? A) 3 months B) 4 months C) 5 months D) 6 months 88.Rolling from prone to supine occurs before rolling from supine to prone because: A) Extensor control precedes flexor control B) Flexor control precedes extensor control C) Head control is unnecessary for this movement D) It is easier to roll from the back first 89.Which of the following positions is NOT part of the development of head control in infants? A) Prone B) Supine C) Sitting D) Standing 90.What motivates a baby to turn their head in early development? A) Hunger  B) Desire to see an object or hear a sound C) Crawling D) Standing upright 91.When does segmental rotation rolling typically develop in infants? A) 3 to 4 months B) 4 to 6 months C) 6 to 8 months D) 9 to 12 months 92.When does log roll rotation rolling typically develop in infants? A. 3 to 4 months B. 4 to 6 months C. 6 to 8 months D. 9 to 12 months 93.Which sensory impairments can impact an infant’s ability to develop head control and rolling? A) Hearing and vision impairment B) Taste and smell impairment C) Reflex impairment D) Muscle tone abnormality 94.How can an infant with visual impairments be encouraged to roll? A) Use brightly colored objects or musical toys B) Use tactile stimulation only C) Provide silent visual cues D) Avoid external stimuli 95.What can cause difficulty with rolling movements in infants? A) Poor coordination B) Spasticity and abnormal muscle tone  C) Hunger D) Limited vision 96.Why might a floppy or weak infant struggle with rolling? A) Lack of visual interest B) Inability to overcome gravity C) Poor hearing D) Lack of motivation 97.What is the typical age for an infant to achieve independent sitting? A) 6 months B) 7 months C) 8 months D) 9 months 98.What defines independent sitting in infants? A) Sitting with hand support B) Sitting alone with a straight back and no hand support C) Sitting with back kyphosis D) Sitting with someone holding them 99.Which of the following is necessary for maintaining a sitting position in infants? A) Reflexes B) Equilibrium reactions and protective responses C) Muscle strength alone D) Vision and hearing 100. What can improve a baby’s equilibrium reactions? A) Sleeping more B) Playing in the sitting position and challenging balance C) Eating more food  D) Lifting weights 101. What makes sitting difficult for babies with muscle tightness or weakness? A) Vision problems B) Weakness in the neck and trunk muscles or tightness in the legs C) Hearing impairments D) Difficulty eating 102. At what age do infants typically start reciprocal creeping on all fours, according to WHO (2006)? A) 6 months B) 7.5 months C) 8.5 months D) 9.5 months 103. What does “reciprocal creeping” mean? A) Both arms and legs move at the same time B) Opposite arm and leg move together C) The baby slides on the ground D) All limbs move independently 104. When do most infants begin pulling up to stand and cruising around furniture? A) 6 to 7 months B) 8 to 9 months C) 10 to 11 months D) 12 to 13 months 105. What is the term “cruising” used to describe in infants? A) Crawling on all fours B) Walking without support  C) Walking sideways while supported by hands or tummy on a surface D) Standing still without support 106. What distinguishes crawling from creeping? A) Crawling involves dragging the body on the floor B) Creeping is slower than crawling C) Crawling requires upright posture D) Crawling is an elevated form of locomotion 107. What is required for a baby to begin pulling up to stand? A) Only muscle strength B) Strength, coordination, and balance C) Hearing and vision development D) Assistance from parents 108. What is an infant’s “high guard” arm position during standing? A) Arms at their sides B) Arms stretched out in front C) Hands held high with a wide base of support D) Hands held behind their back 109. What external support is typically needed for a baby to pull up to stand? A) A person holding the baby B) Furniture or other stable objects C) A walker D) A cushion 110. Which of the following is a form of highly efficient locomotion in infants? A) Rolling B) Creeping  C) Crawling on the stomach D) Standing 111. At what age does a child typically begin walking unassisted? A) 6 months B) 10 months C) 12 months D) 15 months 112. What is a characteristic of a new walker’s stance? A) Narrow base of support B) Wide base of support with legs abducted and externally rotated C) Legs held close together D) Hands held down by sides 113. What is the traditional age range for walking development? A) 7 to 12 months B) 10 to 14 months C) 12 to 18 months D) 14 to 20 months 114. Which of the following is not a prerequisite for normal walking? A) Maturation of the CNS B) Adequate ROM (Range of Motion) C) Intact sensation D) Limited motor control 115. What skill helps babies learn the weight shift necessary for walking? A) Crawling B) Sitting C) Sidestepping or cruising along furniture D) Rolling  116. Which factor contributes more to the maturity of walking patterns in children? A) Age B) Height C) Walking experience D) Weight 117. What posture do infants commonly exhibit when they first start walking? A) Straight legs and even steps B) Knees flexed and toes pointing out C) Wide steps with straight knees D) Narrow stance with short steps 118. What percentage of infants initially attempt to climb stairs by crawling? A) 50% B) 75% C) 90% D) 25% 119. What method do most infants use to descend stairs? A) Walking down while holding onto a handrail B) Sliding down feet-first C) Crawling down with feet leading D)Crawling down with hands first Lec 4 118. Which of the following is a manipulative skill? a. Running b. Skipping  c. Throwing a Frisbee d. Twisting 119. What type of skill involves movement from one place to another? A) Non-locomotor skills B) Locomotor skills C) Manipulative skills D) Dexterity skills 120. Which of the following is an example of a non-locomotor skill? A) Walking B) Bouncing C) Stretching D) Kicking 121. Which part of the body is primarily used in manipulative skills? A) Head B) Core C) Hands, feet, or other body parts D) Only the legs 122. What is manual dexterity? A) Ability to walk quickly B) Coordinated hand and finger movements to manipulate objects C) Stability while standing D) Muscle coordination in the lower body 123. Gross motor manipulation refers to movements involving: A) Hands and feet B) Intricate hand movements C) The upper limb and object displacement D) Fine hand coordination 124. What is an example of a simple synergy movement? A) Twiddling the thumbs B) Squeezing a rubber bulb C) Rolling a pencil between the fingers D) Tying a knot 125. Reciprocal synergies involve: A) Coordinated movements of fingers and thumbs to produce dissimilar movements B) Sequential hand movements to achieve a goal C) All digits performing the same movement simultaneously D) Force imparted to an object through the arms 126. Which of the following is NOT an example of gross motor manipulation? A) Throwing overhand B) Kicking a ball C) Tying a knot D) Catching a ball 127. Sequential patterns in hand movements are characterized by: A) Simultaneous actions of all digits B) Movements involving only the thumb C) A sequence of hand movements to achieve a specific goal D) Uncoordinated finger movements 128. Which of the following activities requires fine motor manipulation? A) Typing B) Throwing a basketball C) Rolling a ball underhand D) Kicking a ball 129. Gross motor manipulation primarily involves which type of movements?  A) Intrinsic movements of fingers B) Extrinsic movements that displace both hand and object C) Flexion of the limbs D) Non-locomotor skills 130. What category of movement includes tying a knot or unscrewing a lid? A) Simple synergies B) Reciprocal synergies C) Sequential patterns D) Locomotor skills 131. Which skill theme involves stability without moving from one place to another? A) Locomotor skills B) Non-locomotor skills C) Manipulative skills D) Gross motor skills 132. Manual dexterity is important in: A) Bouncing a ball B) Performing small, precise movements C) Running D) Hopping 133. Which of the following tasks would involve sequential patterns of manipulation? A) Bouncing a ball B) Writing C) Tying shoelaces D) Jumping 134. Which of the following is an example of a manipulative skill?  A) Walking B) Stretching C) Throwing a Frisbee D) Skipping 135. What is the primary difference between locomotor and non-locomotor skills? A) Locomotor skills involve object handling B) Locomotor skills require moving from one place to another, while non locomotor skills do not C) Non-locomotor skills require object manipulation D) Locomotor skills involve only the upper body 136. What does manual dexterity primarily involve? A) Moving from one place to another B) Coordinated hand and finger movements C) Using the lower body to move objects D) Stability and balance without movement 137. Gross motor manipulation is characterized by: A) Intricate movements of the hand and wrist B) Displacing both the hand and an object with upper limb movement C) Writing and cutting D) Sequential patterns of hand movements 138. Which of the following is an example of a fine motor manipulative skill? A) Catching a ball B) Kicking a ball C) Writing D) Throwing underhand 139. Simple synergies involve movements where: A) All digits perform the same movement  B) Digits perform reciprocal movements C) Movements are sequential D) Only the thumb moves 140. What defines reciprocal synergies? A) All digits work in the same direction B) Sequential movement of the digits C) Simultaneous and dissimilar movements of digits D) No thumb involvement 141. An example of a reciprocal synergy is: A) Rolling a pencil between the thumb and forefinger B) Squeezing a rubber bulb C) Lifting an object with both hands D) Bending forward 142. Which of the following is an example of a sequential pattern? A) Squeezing a rubber bulb B) Tying a knot C) Rolling a ball D) Twiddling the thumb 143. What type of manipulation is involved when a child throws a ball? A) Gross motor manipulation B) Fine motor manipulation C) Reciprocal synergies D) Sequential patterns 144. Fine motor manipulation primarily involves: A) The use of the whole body to move objects B) Complex, coordinated hand and finger movements C) Large muscle groups  D) The movement of objects using arms and legs 145. Which of the following is an example of gross motor manipulation? A) Typing on a keyboard B) Catching a ball C) Cutting paper D) Writing a letter 146. Which of the following is an example of fine motor manipulation? A) Catching a frisbee B) Tying shoelaces C) Kicking a soccer ball D) Jumping over an obstacle 147. Gross motor manipulation involves movements that: A) Require only the hands B) Are very precise and delicate C) Displace both the hand and object through the upper limb D) Involve moving from one place to another 148. Which of the following is an example of a skill that uses simple synergies? A) Typing on a keyboard B) Squeezing a rubber bulb C) Rolling a ball D) Kicking a ball 149. What type of manipulation involves movements of individual digits? A) Gross motor manipulation B) Non-locomotor skills C) Fine motor manipulation D) Locomotor skills  150. Which classification of manipulation involves alternating flexor and extensor synergies? A. Gross motor manipulation B. Reciprocal synergies C. Simple synergies D. Sequential patterns 151. Which digits are identified for their functional importance in many patterns? A. Thumb and index B. Thumb and digit 3 C. Digits 4 and 5 D. Index and digit 4 152. What does the term “radial deviation” refer to? A) Movements toward digit 3 B) Movements toward the thumb side C) Abduction of all fingers D) Movements of digit 3 153. Which type of grip is used to immobilize an object within the hand? A) Precision grip B) Power grip C) Palmar grasp D) Pincer grasp 154. Which of the following is an example of in-hand manipulation? A) Releasing an object B) Adjusting an object inside the hand C) Grasping an object D) Carrying an object 155. At what age do most children begin to show hand preference?  A) 12 months B) 18 months C) 2 years D) 3 years 156. Which type of reaching is exhibited by newborns? A) Visually guided reaching B) Visually elicited reaching C) Pre-reaching D) Reflexive reaching 157. When does visually guided reaching typically develop? A) Birth to 2 months B) 2 to 4 months C) 4 to 8 months D) 9 to 12 months 158. What is the hallmark of visually elicited reaching? A) Making several corrections before making contact B) Quick and accurate reaching with fewer corrections C) Thrashing movements of the limbs D) Reliance on vision to guide the hand 159. At what age does the radial palmar grasp typically develop? A) 2 months B) 5 months C) 7 months D) 9 months 160. Which of the following is true about the inferior pincer grasp? A) It involves the thumb opposing the fingers B) The thumb is placed on the lateral side of the index finger C) It is the first voluntary grasp seen in newborns D) It occurs at 12 months of age 161. At what age does the mature pincer grasp typically develop? A) 9 months B) 10 months C) 10-12 months D) 12-15 months