Cell Theory & Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Biology Study Notes PDF
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Korea International School Jeju Campus
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This document provides an overview of cell theory, comparing and contrasting prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It covers topics such as cell structures, the classification of life, and the similarities between different types of cells for biology students.
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Cell Theory and Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes What is a Cell? ○ Cell – Basic unit of living things. Organisms are either: ○ Unicellular – made of one cell such as bacteria and amoebas. OR ○ Multicellular – made of many cells such as plants and animals. Cell T...
Cell Theory and Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes What is a Cell? ○ Cell – Basic unit of living things. Organisms are either: ○ Unicellular – made of one cell such as bacteria and amoebas. OR ○ Multicellular – made of many cells such as plants and animals. Cell Theory ○ Confirmed discoveries that all scientists believe to be true about cells: 1. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. All living things are made of cells. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells. Review - Kingdoms and Domains As new discoveries have been made, the systems of classification had to be changed. The first attempt at scientific classification was Linnaeus with his 2-kingdom system. Since the time of Linnaeus, many changes have been made in the ways that scientists classify organisms. Classification The Discovery of Cells before nucleus true nucleus Prokaryotes 1. NO nucleus 2. NO membrane bound organelles (just ribosomes) 3. ALL are unicellular 4. Smaller than eukaryotic cells 5. Forerunner to eukaryotic cells (smaller and more simple) 6. DNA – single chromosome, double stranded and circular 7. Ex: ALL Bacteria and Archaea (see last slide for more info) Eukaryotes 1. Has a nucleus with a nuclear envelope 2. Bigger and more complex than prokaryotes 3. Have membrane bound Organelles (golgi, ER, lysosomes…etc) (more on these later) 4. DNA – double-stranded and forms chromosomes (highly organized) 5. Can be uni- OR multicellular organisms 6. Ex: animals, plants, fungi Similarities 1. Contain all four biomolecules (lipids, carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids) (You had better remember this stuff from Semester 1!) 1. Have ribosomes (Will explain what they are now.) 2. Have DNA (Please say you know this one!) 3. Similar Metabolism (You most likely know this word) 4. Can be unicellular (But doesn’t have to be for Eukaryotes) 5. Have cell/plasma membranes or cell wall (Much more on this to come) Eukaryote VS. Prokaryote Picture Size Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Hand Drawn Cell Type Posters: This requires two papers. One A4 and one A4 ( or A3 if you like). During class you should produce a Venn Diagram on A4 paper that demonstrates the differences and similarities between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. This is something that will show up on future quizzes and tests. On the A4 or A3 you will draw your own labeled diagrams of a Prokaryote and a Eukaryote. Label each structure and add annotations where possible. (No need to write a lot. Just a sentence is fine. )
