Sensory Transduction And Perception BIOL112 Szyszka 2024 PDF

Sensory transduction and perception Paul Szyszka (Dept. Zoology) Questions? Anonymously: Blackboard Discussion Board or [email protected] or my office B111 (Benham building) 1 Sources Biology – A Global...

Sensory transduction and perception Paul Szyszka (Dept. Zoology) Questions? Anonymously: Blackboard Discussion Board or [email protected] or my office B111 (Benham building) 1 Sources Biology – A Global Animal Physiology (2016) Principles of Neural Approach (2018/2021) Hill et al. Science (2021 or 2013) Campbell et al. Chapter 14 Kandel et al. Chapter 50...if not otherwise stated 2 Sensory transduction and perception After this lecture you should be able to: Explain the difference between sensation and perception Describe the structure and function of the lateral line system in aquatic animals Explain the general principles of sensory transduction Compare graded receptor potentials and action potentials in terms of properties and functions 3  Function of sensory organs Sense external and internal stimuli Transmit sensory information to the brain Enable perception of the environment 4  Sensation and perception Sensation Activation of sensory receptors by stimuli Sensory transduction: Stimulus energy converted to electrical signals Transmission of sensory information to brain Provides raw data for perceptual processing Perception Brain's interpretation of sensory input Influenced by attention, memory, expectations, culture Gestalt principles organize sensory stimuli into meaningful perceptions of objects Enables recognition of objects and events 5  Gestalt principle of common Object fate / of closure recognition Not relevant for exam Michael Bach, 2002 Asynchronous sound onsets = Two sounds Gestalt principle of temporal correlation 0 500 00 500 500 (ms) (ms) Correlated (synchronous) Uncorrelated (asynchronous) stimulus onset = one sound source stimulus onset = two sound sources Lipp et al., Neuropsychologia, 2010 Not relevant for exam Asynchronous My sound onsets = Two sounds lab‘s research: How do Gestalt principles apply to olfactory perception? Aarti Yunusa Sehdev Mohammed Olfactory object recognition based on fine-scale stimulus timing in Drosophila. Sehdev, Mohammed, Triphan, Szyszka. iScience 2019  Sensation and perception Sensory Stimulus Sensation Perception system Vision Electromagnetic Photoreceptor (rods and Seeing colors, shapes, motion, waves (400-700 nm) cones) hyperpolarization depth Audition Pressure waves Hair cell depolarization in Hearing tones, volume, timbre, (20-20,000 Hz) cochlea location Gustation Chemical molecules Gustatory receptor Tasting sweet, sour, salty, bitter, in solution neuron activation umami Olfaction Volatile chemical Olfactory receptor Smelling odors, detecting molecules neuron activation pheromones 9  Sensory transduction and perception After this lecture you should be able to:  Explain the difference between sensation and perception  Describe the structure and function of the lateral line system in aquatic animals Explain the general principles of sensory transduction Compare graded receptor potentials and action potentials in terms of properties and functions 10 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HGNqFdaD34 (not relevant for exam) Prey fish produce a trail of hydrodynamic wake wake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake 12 Prey fish produce a trail of hydrodynamic wake wake 19.47° A V-shaped wake's half-angle is 19.47°, regardless of object speed or size https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake 13 Prey fish produce a trail of hydrodynamic wake Details not relevant for exam https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5Phg4q5EBU Sharks hunt by following the prey‘s hydrodynamic wake Sharks sense the hydrodynamic wake with their lateral line system https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake 15  Fish lateral line system Senses water movement and self-motion Used for: Orientation Hunting Schooling Defense Mechanosensitive hair cells transduce: water movement vibration Lateral line system pressure gradients https://www.sharksinfo.com/lateral-line.html  Lateral line Top view Cross section SURROUNDING WATER Lateral line Lateral line canal Opening of epidermis lateral line canal Cupula Water flow Nerve Lateral nerve Scale Segmental FISH BODY WALL muscle Biology – A Global Approach (2018) Campbell et al., Chapter 50 Cupula Water flow Cupula Supporting Sensory cell hairs Nerve fiber Hair cell Action potentials Boundary layer ~20 µm Jelly-like sheath encapsulating hair cell sensory hairs Functions: Biomechanical interface between water and hair cells Transmits water movement to hair cells Bridges boundary layer (reduced fluid movement zone) Enhances sensitivity to water disturbances  Sensory transduction and perception After this lecture you should be able to:  Explain the difference between sensation and perception Describe the structure and function of the lateral line  system in aquatic animals Explain the general principles of sensory transduction  Compare graded receptor potentials and action potentials in terms of properties and functions 19  Sensory transduction 1. Stimulus detection and receptor activation 2. Membrane potential change 3. Neurotransmitter release 4. Action potential generation 5. Signal transmission to central nervous system 20  1. Stimulus detection and receptor activation in hair cells Stereocilia Tip link 1 µm Tip link Mechanosensitive receptor: Spring-gated ion chanel Animal Physiology (2016) Hill et al., Fig. 14.7 Exam: Understand structure and function. Exact terms not required 21 Principles of Neural Science (2013) Kandel et al., Fig. 30-8 (Fig. 26-8 in the 2021 edition)  1. Stimulus detection and receptor activation in hair cells Tip links: Connect adjacent stereocilia Stereocilia Maintain resting tension, increasing sensitivity Tip link Transmit forces from 1 µm bundle deflection Tip link Gate mechanosensitive Mechanosensitive receptor: ion channels Spring-gated ion chanel Exam: Understand structure and function. Exact terms not required 22 Principles of Neural Science (2013) Kandel et al., Fig. 30-8 (Fig. 26-8 in the 2021 edition)  Sensory transduction 1. Stimulus detection and receptor activation 2. Membrane potential change 3. Neurotransmitter release 4. Action potential generation 5. Signal transmission to central nervous system 23  2. Membrane potential change 3. Neurotransmitter release 4. Action potential generation 5. Signal transmission to central nervous system Stereocilia Kinocilium Biology – A Global Approach (2018) Campbell et al., Fig. 50.11 24  2. Membrane potential change 3. Neurotransmitter release 4. Action potential generation 5. Signal transmission to central nervous system Stronger deflection Stereocilia Kinocilium More positive receptor potential More action potentials per time Biology – A Global Approach (2018) Campbell et al., Fig. 50.11 25  2. Membrane potential change 3. Neurotransmitter release 4. Action potential generation 5. Signal transmission to central nervous system Stereocilia Kinocilium Biology – A Global Approach (2018) Campbell et al., Fig. 50.11  Hair cells encode the direction of water movement 26  Sensory transduction and perception After this lecture you should be able to:  Explain the difference between sensation and perception Describe the structure and function of the lateral line  system in aquatic animals  Explain the general principles of sensory transduction  Compare graded receptor potentials and action potentials in terms of properties and functions 27  Compare graded receptor potentials and action potentials in terms of properties and functions Receptor Property Action potentials potentials Dendrites/cell Stereocilia Kinocilium Location Axons bodies Amplitude Variable, graded All-or-none Duration Variable Fixed (1-2 ms) Receptor potential Long-distance, Propagation Local, decremental non-decremental Threshold None Required Information Function Stimulus encoding transmission Biology – A Global Approach (2018) Campbell et al., Fig. 50.11  Hair cells encode the direction of water movement 28  Compare graded receptor potentials and action potentials in terms of properties and functions Receptor Property Action potentials potentials Dendrites/cell Stereocilia Kinocilium Location Axons bodies Amplitude Variable, graded All-or-none Duration Variable Fixed (1-2 ms) Receptor potential Long-distance, Propagation Local, decremental non-decremental Threshold None Required Information Function Stimulus encoding transmission Biology – A Global Approach (2018) Campbell et al., Fig. 50.11  Hair cells encode the direction of water movement 29  Sensory transduction and perception After this lecture you should be able to:  Explain the difference between sensation and perception Describe the structure and function of the lateral line  system in aquatic animals  Explain the general principles of sensory transduction Compare graded receptor potentials and action potentials  in terms of properties and functions 30  Next Muscles and glands 31