BIOL 1010 Exam 1 Study Guide

BIOL 1010*05 Exam 1 – Study Guide Understand and be able to explain the following terms/concepts: Chapter 1 o Biology (Scale & Themes) o Steps of the Scientific Method o Treatment o Control o Replication o Response var...

BIOL 1010*05 Exam 1 – Study Guide Understand and be able to explain the following terms/concepts: Chapter 1 o Biology (Scale & Themes) o Steps of the Scientific Method o Treatment o Control o Replication o Response variable o Dependent vs Independent Variable(s) o Hypotheses o Characteristics of life (reproduce, made of cells, require energy, etc.) Chapter 2 o Matter o Element o Atom o Subatomic particles (electrons, protons, neutrons) o Atomic number and atomic mass o Compound o Molecule o Periodic table (understand what it is and being able to read it correctly) o What are the 4 most common elements of the human body by weight? o What are essential elements? o What are trace elements? o Isotopes o Electron shell/valence shell o Chemical reactivity of elements/electron configuration o Types of chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen, van der Waals) o Polar vs. non-polar molecules o Electronegativity o Salts Chapter 3 o Unique properties of water o Acids, bases, and the pH scale o Buffers o Chemical equations Chapter 4 o Importance of carbon to life o The Carbon Cycle o Carbon skeleton (hydrocarbon) o Diversity of organic molecules is a function of: (two main things!) o Variation in carbon skeleton (structure and isomers) o Functional groups (names and recognize structure when attached to an organic molecule) o Functional groups = hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, methyl 1 SP25 BIOL 1010*05 Exam 1 – Study Guide Be sure to review and study material presented in the following labs: Lab #1: Safety, Scientific Method, Float the Boat Lab #2: Metric System & Properties of Water Lab #3: Tables, Graphing & Intro to Statistics Lab #4: Brine Shrimp Experiment Exam Format The exam is worth 210 points, and will include a combination of multiple choice, fill in the blank, short answer, and short essay questions. The following are a few examples to give you a sense of what these four types of questions might look like on the exam. Multiple Choice: 1. About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen B) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen E) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium Fill in the Blank: 4. Scientists use a ________________ in their experimental study design to provide a baseline against which they can compare their experimentally treated group(s). 5. When electrons are transferred from one atom to another (for example when Na gives up an electron to the more electronegative Cl), the resulting bond is referred to as a/an _____________ bond. Short Answer: 6. List two unique properties of water and explain how these properties are, in part, due to hydrogen bonding. Short Essay: 7. In a few sentences, describe the main stations and forms of carbon in the carbon cycle. Good luck studying! 2 SP25