BioCh5 5.1 Cytology Study Guide PDF

5 Cytology  5.1 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS  5.1 Objectives Relate the modern cell theory to the changing nature of models. Compare unicellular, multicellular, and colonial organisms. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures.  5.1 Objectives I...

5 Cytology  5.1 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS  5.1 Objectives Relate the modern cell theory to the changing nature of models. Compare unicellular, multicellular, and colonial organisms. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures.  5.1 Objectives Illustrate a typical cell and describe the functions of its parts.  ESSENTIAL QUESTION What does a cell do? ? As the fundamental unit from which all living things are made, cells can do all the things that define living things: grow, move, reproduce, and respond to their environment.  Cell Theory/Cell Models HISTORY (pre-microscope theories) Spontaneous Generation: The formation of living things from nonliving materials. Preformation: Idea that eggs & sperm contain mini people that simply increase in size. HISTORY (post-microscope theories) 1665 - Robert Hook named “cells” after looking at cork under a microscope. 1682 - Antonie van Leuwenhoek - Discovered blood is made of cells. Also studied cells of sperm, bacteria, larvae. Determined Each cell had a central part. Living cells didn’t come from non-living things or mini people. 1831 - Robert Brown - Named the nucleus.  Modern Cell Theory 1. Cells are the structural and functional units of all living things. 2. Cells come only from other preexisting cells.  Different tissues that work together to perform a specific function In multicellular are organs. organisms, cells are organized An organ system is into tissues. a group of organs that work together.  organelle a structure found within the cytoplasm of cells that performs a specific set of functions in a cell that the cell needs to stay alive Study the names & functions of the organelles (in vocabulary). See labeled cells in notes. Eukaryote and Prokaryote eukaryote: an prokaryote: an organism with cells organism with cells having a true nucleus lacking a true nucleus as well as and membrane-bound membrane-bound organelles organelles Eukaryote and Prokaryote karyote—derived from the Greek meaning “to have a central part,” that is, a nucleus eu—means “true” pro—means “before”  cytoskeleton cytoplasm Dreamstime.com flagellum capsule nucleoid Bacterial Cell (Prokaryote)  ribosome smooth endoplasmic reticulum chloroplast rough leucoplast endoplasmic reticulum granum cell wall central vacuole Plant Cell Dreamstime.com (Eukaryote)  nucleus nucleolus chromatin cilia centrosome cell membrane Animal Cell lysosome Dreamstime.com (Eukaryote)  mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Animal Cell Dreamstime.com (Eukaryote)  Dreamstime.com lipid bilayer Why Study Cells? to improve people’s lives to love people as Christ does to obey God’s command to manage the earth