General Biology 2 Quarter 3 Week 3 PDF

0 FOR ZAMBOANGA CITY DIVISION USE ONLY NOT FOR SALE 11 GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 QUARTER 3 Week 3 Capsulized Self-Le...

0 FOR ZAMBOANGA CITY DIVISION USE ONLY NOT FOR SALE 11 GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 QUARTER 3 Week 3 Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula Zamboanga City “Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!” Written by: CHARRIZ S. GARCIA, SST - I ECC – Baluno NHS  1 SUBJECT & Gen. Bio 2 QUARTER 3 WEEK 3 DAY _____________________ GRADE/LEVEL Grade 11 dd/mm/yyyy TOPIC Relevance, Mechanisms, Evidence/ Bases, and Theories of Evolution LEARNING 5. Describe general features of the history of life on earth, including COMPETENCY generally accepted dates and sequence of the geologic time scale and characteristics of major groups of organisms present during these (LC) times of period. IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on a separate sheet. Do not forget to answer all the Self-Assessment Questions (SAQs). UNDERSTAND Relevance, Mechanisms, Evidence/ Bases, and Theories of Evolution Did you know how life on Earth evolved? The history of life on Earth has so much to tell. In this topic, you are What happened 4.6 billion years ago? going to learn and look at the history of life which started more than 4.6 billion years ago. But before we move on to the different time scales of the history of life here on earth, let us first know how the.scientists contributed to knowing what we know now! Time to learn! In order to know what and when the different eras did start, scientists look at the relative age of the rocks – that is, they compare few things to decide which is the oldest and the newest. Accordingly, the layers of rocks that are buried deeper are older than the. layers near the surface. This idea was used to determine the relative age of rock layers and of the fossils within those rocks. Fossils are pieces of evidence of organisms that lived in the past. They can be actual remains such as bones, teeth, shells, leaves, seeds, spores, or traces of past activities such as animal burrows, nests, and dinosaur footprints. SAQ-1: How did the scientists determine the age of the fossils/rocks? Let us find out the importance of dating fossils!. What are the two ways of dating fossils? Knowing the age of a fossil can help the scientist determine its position in the geologic time scale and find its connection with the other fossils. Below is a graphic organizer showing the two ways in determining the actual age of the fossils. Written by: CHARRIZ S. GARCIA, SST - I ECC – Baluno NHS  2 DATING FOSSILS RELATIVE DATING ABSOLUTE DATING  Based upon the study of layers of  Determines the actual age of the rocks fossils  Does not tell the exact age; only  Used through radioactive dating compare fossils as older or younger. (using carbon-14 and potassium-40)  Fossils in the uppermost are  Considers the half-life (the time it younger while those in the lower part takes for half of a sample of a are older. substance to decay or break down) What is Geological Time Scale (GTS)? The Geological Time Scale/record is a tabular representation of the major divisions of the earth’s history. It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called – eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. The enumeration of those geologic time units is based on stratigraphy (Correlation and classification of rock strata). The geologic time scale is divided into four large segments called eons: Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. The Precambrian encompasses the Hadean, Archean and Proterozoic eons. Hadean – no rock record on earth. Archean – started about 4 billion years ago. During this time, the old life forms were simple but helped to change the atmosphere of early PHANEROZOIC Earth. They helped in producing more oxygen. Following the increase in oxygen, there was an increase in the number of organisms on Earth. Proterozoic – began around 2.7 billion years ago. During this time, the simple cells that were found in Archean eon continued to evolve and became more complex. Multicellular organisms were found. Figure 1: Geological Time Scale of History of life on Earth Written by: CHARRIZ S. GARCIA, SST - I ECC – Baluno NHS  3 Phanerozoic – covers a small portion of Earth's history, but we have the most information about this eon. As shown in figure 1, Phanerozoic is divided into three eras, namely: Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. Below are the descriptions of the life of organisms under each Era. Era Characteristics of the organisms  Life flourished in the seas. Paleozoic  Evolution of arthropods and chordates.  Trilobites were the most famous invertebrates in this era  The age of dinosaurs and lasted almost 180 million years. Mesozoic  A mass-extinction marked the beginning and end of this era.  Began about 65 million years ago and continues in the present. Cenozoic  The current locations of the continents and the inhabitants which include humans can be traced to this era. SAQ-2: What is the importance of the geological time scale (GTS)? SAQ-3: How is the geological time scale divided into different periods? SAQ-4: What is the largest interval of geologic time? Smallest? REMEMBER ME! DON’T FORGET The geologic time is divided into four Eons: Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. Whereas Phanerozoic is divided into Eras: Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. Smaller divisions called periods, characterized by a single type of rock system, make up each era. Some periods are further divided into smaller time frames called epochs. You can use these mnemonics (memory device) to remember the periods in exact order (from the earliest to the recent); jumps between periods and epochs. Pregnant Plentiful What is Cambrian Explosion? Camels Early Often Oiling Cambrian explosion is the belief that there was a sudden explosion of diversity in life forms about 545 Sit Might million years ago. The explosion created the Down Prevent complexity of multi-celled organisms in a short time frame of 5 to 10 million years. This explosion also Carefully. Partial created most of the major extent animal groups Perhaps Rheumatism today. Their Joints Creak? Written by: CHARRIZ S. GARCIA, SST - I ECC – Baluno NHS  4 Let’s Practice! Direction: Describe what happened to the organisms present on earth during the different eras, inside the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet. Precambrian Paleozoic GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE Phanerozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic II. On the given pictures of different organisms, identify which era/eon does each organism lived or appeared based on the given description under the different eras. Write your answers to the space provided. Written by: CHARRIZ S. GARCIA, SST - I ECC – Baluno NHS  5 REMEMBER \ Key Points  The Geologic Time Scale (GTS) is a tabular representation of the major divisions of the earth’s history.  The GTS is divided into four eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.  The Paleozoic era is divided into four periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian.  The Mesozoic era is divided into three periods: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.  The Cenozoic era is divided into two periods: Tertiary and Quaternary.  Epochs are the division of periods into a smaller time frame. TRY I. Directions: Read each entry carefully and choose the BEST answer among the choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet. 1. Which of the following created most of the major extent animal groups today? A. Mesozoic B. Cambrian explosion C. Mass extinction D. Cenozoic 2. Which is the largest division of geologic time scale? A. Eons B. Epoch C. Period D. Era 3. Which is the CORRECT sequence of the division of GTS from largest to smallest? A. Epoch, Period, Era, Eon C. Era, Eon, Period, Epoch B. Period, Era, Eon, Epoch D. Eon, Era, Period, Epoch 4. Which era was believed to have ended because of the comet/asteroid colliding with Earth that caused extinction? A. Phanerozoic B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic 5. Which era is said to be the Age of mammals? A. Cenozoic B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Phanerozoic 6. Life in the sea flourishes in what era? A. Cenozoic B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Phanerozoic Written by: CHARRIZ S. GARCIA, SST - I ECC – Baluno NHS  6 7. Which geologic event occurred during the Mesozoic era? A. The trilobites existed. B. The oxygen increased in the atmosphere C. Mass extinction of the dinosaurs D. Multi-celled organisms had evolved. 8. How do scientists determine the age of the fossils? A. By examining the fossil’s environment. B. By using radioactive dating. C. By determining the minerals present in the rock. D. By comparing the different fossils. 9. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about relative dating? A. It is used to determine how old or new fossils are. B. It is used to know the actual age of the fossils. C. It is based on the layers of rocks. D. Fossils in the upper layer are younger. 10. Why is understanding the geologic time scale important? A. It helps us understand the evolution of all organisms. B. It helps us understand the history of life on Earth. C. It helps us understand the impact of each era on the environment. D. All of the above Geologic time by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (Updated on June 2,2020) https://www.britannica.com/science/geologic-time Geologic Time Scale- Geoscience News and Information (Authored by: REFERENCE/S Hobart M. King, Ph.D) https://geology.com/time.htm The History Of Life On Earth: Timeline and Characteristics Of Major Eras (Instructor: Danielle Weber) https://study.com/academy/lesson/the- history-of-life-on-earth-timeline-and-characteristics-of-major-eras.html This learning resource contains copyrighted materials. The use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are developing this CapSLET in our efforts to provide printed and e-copy DISCLAIMER OF learning resources available for the learners in reference to the learning LIABILITY continuity plan of this division in this time of pandemic. This material is not intended for uploading nor for commercial use but purely for educational purposes and for the utilization of Zamboanga City Division only. Written by: CHARRIZ S. GARCIA, SST - I ECC – Baluno NHS