Bio 101 Lecture 9: Transcription PDF

Learning Outcomes BIO 101 At the end of this lecture, the students should be able to:...

Learning Outcomes BIO 101 At the end of this lecture, the students should be able to: INTRODUCTORY ✓ describe the universal features of transcription; ✓ discuss the steps and factors involved in prokaryotic and eukaryotic MOLECULAR transcription; BIOLOGY ✓ discuss the major processing events undergone by eukaryotic mRNA molecules; Lecture 9 ✓ describe common processing events for tRNA and rRNA molecules; Transcription ✓ explain how mature RNA molecules are transported from the nucleus into the cytosol Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Gregor Mendel’s Experiment Replication DNA Transcription Reverse Transcription RNA Translation POLYPEPTIDES Post-translational modifications TRAITS PROTEINS Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. 1  Molecular Basis: Seed Shape Molecular Basis: Plant Height Sbe1 Le gene Transcription gene Transcription Sbe1 Le RNA Translation RNA Translation Starch branching Gibberellin 3B enzyme hydroxylase Round seed Tall plant Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. Sbe- can still be transcribe but it will not produced round seed due to glucose not being polymerased, with much H2O Transmission of Genetic Information Universal Features of Transcription Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. 2 Transcription: Universal Features Transcription: Universal Features DNA-dependent RNA synthesis DNA-dependent RNA synthesis Template Products antisense DNA anti-coding/antisense strand (______ strand) Messenger RNA (mRNA) Sense strand: 5’― A T G A C G A G T A A ―3’ Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Anti-sense strand: 3’― T A C T G C T C A T T ―5’ Transfer RNA (tRNA) miRNA, siRNA and other regulatory RNAs RNA: 5’― A U G A C G A G U A A ―3’ Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. Transcription: Universal Features Transcription: Universal Features Involves only certain regions of the DNA template Three general steps Coding Initiation ______ Regions Elongation DNA sequence that code for an RNA molecule Termination Non-coding ___________ Regions Major control point of gene expression Do not code for an RNA molecule initiation step At the __________ Have important roles in switching the gene “on” or “off” Uses RNA polymerase as the main enzyme Ex. centromeres, telomeres, promoter A DNA-directed RNA polymerase Uses DNA as the template Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. 3  Transcription: Universal Features Some Terminologies Transcription unit ___________________ RNA-coding sequence; the region from start site (+1) to termination site Primary transcript Immediate, unaltered product of the RNA polymerase action Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in BIO 101. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. They use Mg2 as a cofactor Differecence of RNA polymerase - can start without primers - deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates - absolutely processive finish the product in just one reaction Some Terminologies Some Terminologies proximal ___________ Consensus sequence Regions closer to the promoter nucleotide sequence which when aligned with each other have certain nucleotides that at certain positions occur at distal _______ high frequency (