BCOM 1201 Week 9 Governance Lecture 1 Fall 2024 Students PDF

BCOM 1201 Exploring Sustainability Global and Domestic Governance for Sustainability Dr. Hao Lu Assistant Professor Department of Management Today’s Topics Understanding governance Understanding the link between governance and sustainability Global governance for...

BCOM 1201 Exploring Sustainability Global and Domestic Governance for Sustainability Dr. Hao Lu Assistant Professor Department of Management Today’s Topics Understanding governance Understanding the link between governance and sustainability Global governance for sustainability Domestic governance for sustainability 2 Colonialism Colonialism is defined as “control by one power over a dependent area or people”. It generally involves one country taking control of another, often amid violence and involving killing, displacing, and/or marginalizing the existing population. Nowadays, colonialism takes many forms and is less obvious. Source: Lewis, K., (2023). What Is Climate Colonialism? What to Know About Why Climate Change and Colonialism Are Linked. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/what-is- climate-colonialism-explain-climate-change/ https://www.soofiya.com/Climate-Colonialism Neocolonialism The control of less developed countries by developed countries through indirect means. --Britannica Financial controls Resource exploitation Exportation of ideology and culture Climate colonialism 4  So, what’s climate colonialism? There are three main ways to look at climate change in the context of colonialism 1. Historic injustices: The first is about the historical causes of climate change. The Global North is responsible for the climate crisis we’re currently living through — in fact, Global North countries are responsible for over 92% of carbon emissions since 1850. (Lewis, 2023) 2. Further exploitation: The second way climate colonialism is manifesting is through the exploitation of the resources of the Global South by countries in the Global North, to further their climate agendas. (Lewis, 2023) 3. First mover advantage: The global north has been shifting the economic structure from pollution intensive industries to innovation intensive industries. It outsources pollution intensive https://soundcloud.com/user-283077467/carbon-colonialism industries to the global south but enjoys the products. Source: Lewis, K., (2023). What Is Climate Colonialism? What to Know About Why Climate Change and Colonialism Are Linked. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/what-is-climate-colonialism-explain-climate-change/ 5 The Concept of Governance 6  The Concept of Governance  Governance is about the act of governing.  Add ‘good’ and the picture becomes complicated. How do we balance between individual will and collective interest? How do we balance between democracy and efficiency? How do we address conflicting interests in our society? How do we view the role of the government in a Capitalist society? https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/what-is-governance-and-why- does-it-matter/ 7 Principles of Good Governance Trust & Just are the two keys to a good governance Healthy legal framework Effectiveness and efficiency Democracy, decentralization and participation in decision making Transparency and accountability Equity, fairness and caring Freguin-Gresh, S., Wilson White, C., Flores López, J. C., Müller Oporta, P. E., Huybrechs, F., Pikitle, A.,... & Manzanares, D. (2014). Mapping institutions that govern access and uses of natural resources in the Nicaragua-Honduras sentinel landscape: Revealing the complexity, issues, and challenges of natural resource governance. 8  What does governance for sustainability mean? A multi-dimensional concept covering different actors, processes, structures and institutions involved in decision-making and implementation of sustainability related issues. International organizations. e.g., UN International agreements, e.g., Paris Agreement National and local governments, e.g., the NS government Private sector and corporations, e.g., individual companies Civil society organizations, e.g., NGOs Glass, L. M., & Newig, J. (2019). Governance for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: How important are participation, policy coherence, reflexivity, adaptation and democratic institutions?. Earth System Governance, 2, 100031. 9 Governance has many levels and requires alignment at different levels Thus an effective governance Links to SDGs 16 17 Meuleman, L. (2021). Public administration and governance for the SDGs: Navigating between change and stability. Sustainability, 13(11), 5914. 10 Global Governance Global governance functions through a set of institutions, rules, and processes that aim to manage cross-border issues – such as trade, financial transactions, migration, and climate change. (World Economic Forum) Address collective concerns and mediate common interests. Create both privileges and obligations for the public and private sectors. Essential for solving shared problems: pandemics, wars, and financial crises. Not just a set of treaties and organizations. Comprised of a vast network of collaborative processes, relationships, guidelines, and monitoring mechanisms. 11  Using Global Governance to Address Colonialism Reforming global governance structures to ensure fair representation and decision-making processes that reflect the diversity and interests of all countries, Equity and equality particularly those from the Global South. Encouraging more inclusive and participatory global governance processes that actively engage Fairness and justice developing countries and marginalized communities. Equitable Economic Policies: Promoting economic policies that address imbalances and support Caring and kindness sustainable development in developing countries, including fair trade practices, investment in development, and technology transfer. Cultural and Knowledge Exchange: Valuing and Diversity and Inclusion integrating diverse cultural perspectives and indigenous knowledge systems into global governance. Social empowerment Sound Familiar? 12  The United Nation Founded post WWII (1945) Place on earth where all world’s nations can gather together, discuss common problems and find shared solutions that benefit all of humanity (www.un.org). Sustainability becomes a main objective since 2000 (The MDGs) UN Sustainable Development Group is the governing body for sustainability issues. The latest legal binding sustainability agreement: The Paris Agreement (2015) https://unacov.uk/united-nations/ 13  USMCA(Formerly NAFTA) US, Mexico, Canada Agreement Mostly about free trade and free flow of labour. Chapter 24 is about the trilateral collaboration to protect and conserve the NA environment. Pollution Biodiversity Overfishing Invasive species Sustainable forest Management Indigenous rights LAURENS N, DOVE Z, MORIN JF, JINNAH S. NAFTA 2.0: The Greenest Trade Agreement Ever? World Trade Review. 2019;18(4):659-677. doi:10.1017/S1474745619000351 14 Domestic Governance​ 15 Democratic Governance Liberal Democracies: Characterized by free and fair elections, protection of civil liberties, the rule of law, and often a separation of powers among the branches of government. Examples include the United States, Canada, and much of Western Europe. Social Democracies: Combine elements of democracy with a strong emphasis on social rights and welfare policies, aiming to reduce inequality and provide a broad social safety net. Scandinavian countries like Sweden and Denmark are often cited as examples. 16 Autocratic Governance Autocratic governance refers to a system of government in which a single entity or leader holds absolute power, with little to no input or opposition from other members of the government or the governed population. This type of governance is characterized by centralized decision- making, with the autocrat making decisions without the need for consensus from a legislative body or the electorate. 17  Certain industries are just too important to be privatized. Utility Issues with A Education Healthcare Small Certain industries are too important Government to be left unchecked regularly. Financial industry Insurance Military contractors Mercenaries 18 Levels of Governmen t https://vancebadawey.libparl.ca/2024/07/31/governmentjurisdictions/ 19 National governance Ways that national governments can promote sustainability Laws and For example, Species at Risk Act (SARA) regulations Dedicated Ministries/Agencies For example, Environment and Climate Change Canada National Strategic Plans and For example, Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change Initiatives Incentives Tax and subsidies. For example: Canadian Carbon Tax Monitoring and For example, Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) Reporting 20 Carbon Tax by Province https://culturemagazin.com/canadians-set-to-receive-first-carbon- pricing-rebate-of-2024-what-you-need-to-know/ 21  Provincial Governance: Nova Scotia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Inspection, Compliance, and Enforcement Division Policy Sustainability and Applied Science The Sustainable Development Goals Act since 2007 Green and Inclusive Community Buildings program Atlantic Salmon Conservation Energy Reform Act in Spring 2024. 22  Municipality – The City of Halifax https://halifaxpartnership.com/why-halifax/living-in-halifax/environment/#:~:text=Sustainability%20is%20a%20priority%20across,of%20mapped %20bikeways%20to%20explore. 23 Challenges of domestic governance for sustainability Inefficiency and Political influence Bureaucratic delays resource (lobbying and misallocation special interests) Stakeholder Over-Dependency Lack of Engagement and international view on government Participation 24  Measuring Global and Domestic Sustainability Governance 25 UNSDGs: The Overlook 26  The UNSDGs 2024 Report Sachs, J.D., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G. (2024). The SDGs and the UN Summit of the Future. Sustainable Development Report 2024. Paris: SDSN, Dublin: Dublin University Press. doi:10.25546/108572 27 Climate Action Tracker: Policy Status https://climateactiontracker.org/ 28 https://climateactiontracker.org/global/temperatures/ 29 The Canadian Regulation Status https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/canada/ 30  Why Aren’t We Having Sufficient & Effective Governance? Public awareness Economic concerns: impact on economic growth (e.g., oil and gas dependent countries) Political will: for example, in the US, climate action is a polarizing issue Short-termism and Self-interest Difficulty in global coordination Combat Colonialism: Resource allocation in developing countries Influence of special interests: business and industries lobbying (will be covered in the next class) 31 Questions? 32