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THE RELATIONSHIP OF NUTRITION AND HEALTH NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN On completion of this chapter, the students will be able to: Name the six classes of nutrients and their primary functions Recognize common characteristics of well- nourished peopl...

THE RELATIONSHIP OF NUTRITION AND HEALTH NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN On completion of this chapter, the students will be able to: Name the six classes of nutrients and their primary functions Recognize common characteristics of well- nourished people Recognize symptoms of malnutrition Describe ways in which the nutrition and health are related List four basic steps in nutrition assessment NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN OUTLINE: A. Nutrient and their functions B. Characteristics of good nutrition C. Malnutrition D. Individuals at risk form poor nutritional intake E. Cumulative effects of nutrition F. Nutrition assessment NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  NUTRIENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS  To maintain health and function properly, the body must be provided with NUTRIENTS.  Nutrients are chemical substances that are necessary for life.  Divided into six classes: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Fats 3. Proteins 4. Vitamins 5. Mineral 6. Water NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN Chemical substances necessary for life Functions:  Provide energy  Build and repair tissue  Regulate body processes  Circulation, respiration, digestion, and elimination NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN Nutrients No nutrient can work alone Essential nutrients Found only in foods Organic nutrients Must be broken down to be used by body Inorganic nutrients Already in their smallest components NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN The Six Essential Nutrient Classes and Their Functions Organic nutrients Function Carbohydrates Provide energy Fats Provide energy Proteins Build and repair tissues and provide energy Vitamins Regulate body processes Inorganic nutrients Function Minerals Regulate body processes Water Regulate body processes NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS Good Poor Alert expression Apathy Shiny hair Dull, lifeless hair Clear complexion Greasy, blemished complexion Good color Poor color Bright, clear eyes Dull, red-rimmed eyes NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  Good Poor Pink, firm gums and well- Red, puffy, receding gums and developed teeth missing or cavity-prone teeth Firm abdomen Swollen abdomen Firm, well-developed Underdeveloped, flabby muscles muscles Well-developed bone Bowed legs and “pigeon structure breast” NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  Good Poor Normal weight for height Overweight or underweight Erect posture Slumped posture Emotional stability Easily irritated or depressed and poor attention span Good stamina Easily fatigued NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  Good Poor Seldom ill Frequently ill Healthy appetite Excessive or poor appetite Healthy, normal sleep habits Insomnia at night and fatigued during day Normal elimination Constipation or diarrhea NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  CUES OF GOOD NUTRITION: Shiny hair Clear skin Clear eyes Erect posture Alertness Firm flesh on well-developed bone structures Pink gums and well-developed teeth Normal weight for height NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN MALNUTRITION Overnutrition Excess energy or nutrient intake Undernutrition Deficient energy or nutrient intake Overnutrition is larger problem than undernutrition in United States (U.S.) Supersizing, fast-food industry contributes to problem NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF NUTRITION Excesses Excess nutrients over time E.g., atherosclerosis, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease, some cancers Deficiencies Nutrients lacking for extended period E.g., iron deficiency, beriberi, scurvy, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, rickets, goiter NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY Primary Inadequate dietary intake Secondary Due to causes other than dietary intake Both can result in malnutrition NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  DEFICIENCY DISEASES Deficiency disease Nutrients lacking Iron-deficiency anemia Iron Beriberi Thiamin Night blindness Vitamin A Goiter Iodine Kwashiorkor Protein NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN Deficiency disease Nutrients lacking Marasmus All nutrients Osteomalacia Calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, and fluoride Osteoporosis Calcium and vitamin D NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN Deficiency disease Nutrients lacking Pellagra Niacin Rickets Calcium and vitamin D Scurvy Vitamin C Xerophthalmia Vitamin A NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  DIETARY AND SOCIAL HISTORY Evaluation of food habits  24-hour recall Types, amounts, and preparation of all foods eaten in last 24 hours  Food diary Written record of all food and drink ingested in specified period  Computer diet analysis Determines nutrient deficiencies or toxicities NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  Social history  Consideration of financial resources to do the following: Obtain needed food Properly store and cook food  Food-drug interactions that can lead to malnutrition NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN  CONSIDERATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS: Nutrition and health directly related Effects of poor nutrition cumulative Six essential nutrient classes: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and water Nutritional assessment Best way to determine deficiencies that can result from lack of nutrients NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY BY: ROSELLE JOY C. BALAQUIT, RN