Nutrition and Health Chapter

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of good nutritional status?

Puffy gums

Dull, lifeless hair

Swollen abdomen

Shiny hair (correct)

What symptom is associated with poor nutritional status regarding sleep?

Insomnia at night and fatigue during the day (correct)

Healthy sleep habits

Consistent and restful sleep

Frequent waking during the night

Which condition implies poor nutritional status concerning emotional health?

Good emotional stability

Resilience to stress

High levels of alertness

Easily irritated or depressed (correct)

A person with a swollen abdomen likely exhibits which nutritional characteristic?

Underdeveloped, flabby muscles (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents a sign of good nutritional status in terms of oral health?

Pink gums and well-developed teeth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign that a person has poor nutritional status related to body weight?

Underweight or overweight (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of good muscle development?

Firm, well-developed muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

A person exhibiting clear eyes and an erect posture demonstrates which aspect of nutritional status?

Good nutritional status (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of primary nutrient deficiency?

Inadequate dietary intake (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with iron deficiency?

Iron-deficiency anemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient deficiency is associated with the condition known as scurvy?

Vitamin C (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency disease results from a lack of both calcium and vitamin D?

Rickets (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the larger problem affecting nutrition in the U.S.?

Overnutrition and excessive nutrient intake (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a secondary nutrient deficiency?

Absorption disorders due to a disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a lack of protein?

Kwashiorkor (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of niacin?

Pellagra (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the six classes of nutrients necessary for life?

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which function is primarily performed by vitamins?

Regulate body processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins in nutrition?

Build and repair tissues and provide energy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is associated with well-nourished individuals?

Healthy skin and nails (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic nutrient?

Proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What describes essential nutrients?

Found only in foods (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is primarily responsible for providing energy?

Fats (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which step is typically involved in a nutrition assessment?

Evaluating physical activity levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrient Classes and Functions

Body requires nutrients to maintain health and function.
Six classes of nutrients:
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy.
- Fats: Provide energy.
- Proteins: Build and repair tissues and provide energy.
- Vitamins: Regulate body processes.
- Minerals: Regulate body processes.
- Water: Regulate body processes.
Nutrients work synergistically; no nutrient functions effectively in isolation.
Distinction between essential nutrients (must be obtained from food) and organic/inorganic nutrients (either must be processed or are ready for use).

Characteristics of Good Nutrition

Well-nourished individuals often exhibit:
- Alert expression and clear complexion.
- Shiny, healthy hair and bright, clear eyes.
- Pink, firm gums and well-developed teeth.
- Normal muscle tone and strong bone structure.
- Appropriate weight for height, good posture, and emotional stability.
- Generally high energy levels with normal sleep and elimination patterns.

Symptoms of Malnutrition

Signs of poor nutrition include:
- Apathy, dull hair, and greasy skin.
- Poor color in complexion and red-rimmed eyes.
- Puffy or underdeveloped gums and muscles.
- Overweight or underweight issues, slumped posture, and emotional instability.
- Increased illness, appetite irregularities, and sleep disturbances.

Malnutrition Types

Overnutrition: Excess intake of energy or nutrients, prevalent in the U.S. due to fast food culture.
Undernutrition: Insufficient energy or nutrient intake, leading to deficiency.
Both types can cause malnutrition, impacting overall health.

Cumulative Effects of Nutrition

Excessive intake can lead to health issues:
- Atherosclerosis, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease, and certain cancers.
Deficiencies occurring over long periods cause serious health problems:
- Examples include iron deficiency leading to anemia, beriberi from lack of thiamin, and scurvy due to low vitamin C.

Nutritional Assessment

Important steps for evaluating nutrition include:
- Identifying nutrient deficiencies (primary due to low dietary intake, secondary due to other causes).
- Recognizing deficiency diseases linked to specific nutrient lacks, e.g.:
  - Iron-deficiency anemia linked to iron.
  - Beriberi associated with thiamin absence.
  - Night blindness due to vitamin A deficiency.

Common Deficiency Diseases

Iron-deficiency anemia: Lack of iron.
Beriberi: Lack of thiamin.
Night blindness: Lack of vitamin A.
Goiter: Lack of iodine.
Kwashiorkor: Protein deficiency.
Marasmus: Overall nutrient deficiency.
Osteomalacia/Osteoporosis: Inadequate calcium and vitamins D and K.
Pellagra: Lack of niacin.
Rickets: Lack of calcium and vitamin D.
Scurvy: Lack of vitamin C.
Xerophthalmia: Lack of vitamin A.

These insights underscore the crucial link between nutrition and health, emphasizing the need for balanced dietary intake to prevent malnutrition and related health issues.

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Description

Dive into the essentials of nutrition with this quiz based on 'Nutrition and Diet Therapy' by Roselle Joy C. Balaquit, RN. Explore the six classes of nutrients, the characteristics of well-nourished individuals, symptoms of malnutrition, and the connection between nutrition and health. Test your knowledge on the fundamental steps in nutrition assessment and enhance your understanding of dietary practices.