Animal Science 100 Lecture 1 PDF

ANIMAL SCIENCE 100 Principles of Animal Production, Economics and Entrepreneurship James Vincent C. Dizon DVM  INTRODUCTION Since the Ancient days, animals have brought humans invaluable advantages. they have been one of our sources of food suc...

ANIMAL SCIENCE 100 Principles of Animal Production, Economics and Entrepreneurship James Vincent C. Dizon DVM  INTRODUCTION Since the Ancient days, animals have brought humans invaluable advantages. they have been one of our sources of food such as meat, milk, and eggs  INTRODUCTION Since the Ancient days, animals have brought humans invaluable advantages. some are farmed for their fur, silk, and skin as textile & other products  INTRODUCTION Since the Ancient days, animals have brought humans invaluable advantages. some have aided us in hunting other animals  INTRODUCTION Since the Ancient days, animals have brought humans invaluable advantages. agriculture has been easier through the use of draft animals  As animals continue to play their role, as providers in our modern day, their production has become a lucrative and highly competitive agribusiness enterprise. MODERN ANIMAL AGRICULTURE  MODERN ANIMAL AGRICULTURE Modern animal agriculture is the business of producing, processing, and marketing high-quality protein (milk, meat and eggs), fiber and other animal products for human consumption. Progress in the Philippines Don’t memorize this!! Don’t memorize this!! In order to fully achieve its gains, the system and management decisions applied must be based on scientific and economic principles. Every kind of animal has its specific requirements to sustain life and to become productive as determined by its needs such as food, shelter, and reproduction. Studying animal science is imperative to gain proper knowledge and understanding about animals. This leads to the development of appropriate technologies, management practices, and interventions to be applied in animals production, making it efficient and profitable.  ANIMAL SCIENCE Animal science is the study of the biology and management of higher animals. It refers to the different fundamental disciplines that deal with animal’s life. Its disciplines include nutrition, genetics, anatomy, physiology, breeding and reproduction, animal health, ethology, and animal husbandry.  “WHAT IS THE SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND ZOOLOGY?” Animal science is an applied zoology – it deals more with domesticated animals that are produced for food, companionship, gaming, and recreation, and other purposes. On the other hand, zoology covers the animal kingdom in general, from a purely biological perspective.  SPECIALIZED FIELDS OF ZOOLOGY MAMMALOGY the branch of zoology concerned with mammals. ORNITHOLOGY the branch of zoology concerned with birds. HERPETOLOGY the branch of zoology concerned with reptiles and amphibians. ICHTHYOLOGY the branch of zoology concerned with fishes. ENTOMOLOGY the branch of zoology concerned with insects.  CAREERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE Feed milling industry Business and finance Pharmaceuticals/ Veterinary Government drugs and supplies industry Consultancy Abattoir operations Education Food/meat processing Extension works Dairy industry Research Equipment manufacturing Livestock and poultry farm operations Don’t memorize these!!  ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Also known as zootechniques, animal husbandry refers to the breeding, feeding, care, and management of animals for the purpose of making profit. The ultimate objective of animal husbandry is to produce adequate number of animal for food and other purposes while making profit out of the investment in animal production.  GOALS OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 1. Development of animal disease control 2. Reproduction 3. Genetic innovation 4. Nutritional efficiency 5. Product quality 6. Conducive environment  ANIMAL HUSBANDMAN He should be skilled at breeding, feeding, care and management of farm animals His main goal is to produce healthy and attractive animals acceptable in the market He is not a Veterinarian. But he should have knowledge and skills in the first aid treatment (and prevention) of common animal diseases and administration of medicines and biologics to animals He should have a basic knowledge of agronomy for the production of feed grains, legumes and forage crops (grasses)  VETERINARIAN Veterinarians play critical roles in environmental protection, research, food safety, and public health. They work in addressing the health and welfare needs of every species of animal. Healthy animals contribute to the elimination of hunger, to healthy people, and to sustainable food production. Changes in livestock production increase the potential for new pathogens to emerge, grow and spread from animals to humans on a global scale.  VETERINARY CONCERNS Zoonotic diseases Transboundary diseases Arthropod-borne diseases Diseases of production and food hygiene Veterinary public health Antimicrobial resistance VETERINARY CONCERNS Zoonotic Diseases VETERINARY CONCERNS Transboundary Diseases VETERINARY CONCERNS Arthropod-borne Diseases VETERINARY CONCERNS Diseases of Production and Food Hygiene VETERINARY CONCERNS Veterinary Public Health VETERINARY CONCERNS Antimicrobial Resistance  VETERINARIAN Employment opportunities for veterinarians include such diverse areas as: clinical practice teaching and research regulatory medicine public health military service PRIVATE OR CORPORAL CLINICAL PRACTICE Approximately two-thirds of veterinarians work in private or corporate clinical practice, providing veterinary care for a wide range of species. Many treat only traditional or exotic pets such as dogs, cats, birds, small mammals (e.g., hamsters, guinea pigs), reptiles, and fish. PRIVATE OR CORPORAL CLINICAL PRACTICE Some veterinarians exclusively treat horses. Others treat a combination of species. Some veterinarians limit their practice to the care of farm/ranch animals and advise owners on production medicine and protecting our nation’s food supply from farm to table.  TEACHING AND RESEARCH Veterinary college faculty members conduct research, teach, provide care for animals in the veterinary teaching hospital, and develop continuing education programs to help practicing veterinarians acquire new knowledge and skills.  TEACHING AND RESEARCH Research veterinarians employed at universities, colleges, governmental agencies, or in industry are finding new ways to diagnose, treat, and prevent animal and human health disorders. Veterinarians in pharmaceutical and biomedical research firms develop, test, and supervise the production of drugs and biological products for human and animal use.  REGULATORY MEDICINE Veterinarians that are employed by regulatory agencies (BAI, NMIS) to quarantine and inspect animals brought into the country. They supervise international and interstate shipments of animals. Test for diseases that could threaten animal and human health or our food supply.  REGULATORY MEDICINE Manage campaigns to prevent and eradicate diseases, such as tuberculosis and rabies, that pose threats to animal and human health. Ensure that only healthy animals enter our food supply. Ensure that our meat, poultry and egg products are safe for consumption through carefully monitored inspection programs.  PUBLIC HEALTH Veterinarians serve as epidemiologists: investigating animal and human disease outbreaks such as food-borne illnesses, influenza and rabies. Ensure the safety of food processing plants, restaurants, and water supplies. Evaluate the safety and efficacy of medicines, medical products, pet foods and food additives.  VETERINARY CORPS Health protection and preservation of the physical efficiency of AFP-owned animals. Establish and implement a system that will ensure safe food and water for the troops. Conduct damage assessment, prevent zoonotic diseases, ensure food and water safety and provide health care for animals affected during disasters. OTHER CAREER PATHS FOR VETS Animal welfare Zoologic medicine Aquatic animal medicine Aerospace medicine (shuttle astronauts) Animal shelter medicine Sports medicine Animal-assisted activity and therapy programs Wildlife medicine Don’t memorize these!!  INDUSTRIES IN THE PHILIPPINES Swine industry Poultry (broiler and layer) industry Duck industry Quail industry Cattle (dairy and meat) industry Carabao industry Goat and sheep industry Don’t memorize these!! LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRY LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRY LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRY LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRY LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRY 2024 UPDATE!  ADVANTAGES OF ANIMAL PROD. Animal production is a form of progressive agriculture. One must keep abreast with the new trends and research findings in order to make one’s project competitive. New ways of improving the health status of farm animals are evolving to increase production.  ADVANTAGES OF ANIMAL PROD. It is the best type of diversified farming. In diversified (integrated/multiple) farming, when the price of one agriculture falls, the farmer can recover lost income from other products in the farm.  ADVANTAGES OF ANIMAL PROD. Animals improve soil fertility. Animal manure can be used as fertilizer.  ADVANTAGES OF ANIMAL PROD. Animal production leads to the utilization of idle or non-arable lands (not fertile and unfit for crop production).  ADVANTAGES OF ANIMAL PROD. Animal production makes good use of farm wastes. Crop farming results in enormous amounts of by-products that can be utilized as feeds for farm animals. Example: corn stover, rice straw, corn and rice bran, etc. Thank you