Animal Science 100 Overview

Course Information

• Course Title: Animal Science 100
• Course Description: Principles of Animal Production, Economics and Entrepreneurship
• Instructor: James Vincent C. Dizon, DVM

Introduction

• Animals have provided humans with invaluable advantages since ancient times
• Animals are a source of food (meat, milk, eggs)
• Some animals are farmed for their fur, silk, and skin for textiles and other products
• Animals have aided in hunting other animals
• Agriculture has been easier through the use of draft animals

Modern Animal Agriculture

• Modern animal production is a lucrative and highly competitive agribusiness
• The business of producing, processing, and marketing high-quality protein (milk, meat, eggs), fiber, and other animal products for human consumption

Livestock and Poultry Production Volume

• The provided table displays livestock and poultry production volumes in the Philippines for the years 2016-2020.
• Data on different livestock types (carabao, cattle, hogs, goats, dairy) and poultry types (chicken, duck, eggs) are presented for each year in the table.
• The metric is thousands of metric tons ('000 mt)

African Swine Fever (ASF) Outbreak

• The Department of Agriculture confirmed the first ASF outbreak in the Philippines in a backyard farm in Rizal in July 2019.
• No information was released on the number of pigs affected that specific day
• Maps indicating infected and protected areas are shown in the data

ASF Vaccines

• The Department of Agriculture (DA) is testing two prototype African swine fever (ASF) vaccines in ten private companies.
• The vaccines are expected to be publicly rolled out by the end of August 2021

Value of Livestock and Poultry Production (2021-2023)

• The provided table outlines the value of livestock and poultry production in the Philippines from the first quarter of 2021 to 2023.
• The table is presented in Philippine Pesos ("Million PhP") and shows significant categories (Livestock, Hogs, Cattle, Carabao, Goat, Dairy, Poultry, Chicken, Duck, Chicken Eggs, Duck Eggs).

Animal Husbandry

• The focus on animal husbandry is breeding, feeding, care, and management of animals for profit
• The objective is to produce sufficient animals for food and other purposes while efficiently managing resources
• Goals of animal husbandry include controlling animal diseases, improving reproductive rates, enhancing genetic advancements, improving animal nutrition, boosting product quality, and creating optimal environmental conditions for animal welfare

Veterinarian

• Veterinarians are essential for environmental protection, food safety research and public health
• Healthy animals improve human health and are key to sustainable food production
• Changes in livestock production can lead to new pathogens that may impact humans

Veterinary Concerns

• Zoonotic diseases
• Transboundary diseases
• Arthropod-borne diseases
• Diseases of production and food hygiene
• Veterinary public health
• Antimicrobial resistance

Career Paths for Veterinarians

• Veterinarians are employed in diverse sectors including clinical practice, teaching, research, regulatory medicine, public health, and military service

Private or Corporate Clinical Practice

• Veterinarians in private settings often provide care for diverse animals.
• Certain practitioners specialize in particular species (such as horses) or a wide variety of animals (e.g., dogs, cats, birds, small mammals, reptiles, fish)

Teaching and Research

• Veterinary faculty (colleges, universities, and governmental agencies) engage in research, animal care, veterinary hospital training, and the development of new veterinary procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention for different species

Regulatory Medicine

• Veterinarians in regulatory agencies are employed in quarantine and inspections
• They oversee international and interstate animal shipments for disease detection
• They develop and implement campaigns to prevent and eradicate animal and human health threats, and oversee food safety

Public Health

• Veterinarians, as epidemiologists, play a role in investigating animal and human diseases, like food-borne illnesses and influenza outbreaks.
• The focus includes monitoring the safety of food-related establishments and water sources.
• Veterinarians evaluate the safety and effectiveness of medicines and medical products related to animals.

Veterinary Corps

• Veterinarians in these roles offer health protection, maintain animal physical efficiency for the (military) organization, ensure food and water safety, perform damage assessments after disasters to prevent zoonotic diseases, and offer essential health care during distress.

Other Career Paths for Veterinarians

• Potential career paths include animal welfare, zoo medicine, aerospace medicine (e.g., shuttle astronauts), aquatic animal medicine, animal shelter medicine, sports medicine, and wildlife medicine.

Industries in the Philippines

• Significant industries in the Philippines include swine, poultry, duck, quail, cattle (dairy and meat), carabao, goat, and sheep.

Livestock and Poultry Industry

• The livestock and poultry industry remain a significant contributor (in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) share) in the Philippines.
• Data is available in various forms (e.g., annual growth rates, inventory distribution by classification, production volume) for different livestock and poultry products

Advantages of Animal Production

• Diversification of agriculture (recovering from losses in one sector)
• Improved soil fertility (using animal manure as fertilizer)
• Utilization of non-arable land

This quiz covers key areas of Animal Science 100, focusing on topics beyond animal production principles. Participants will explore the advantages animals provide to humans, trends in livestock production in the Philippines, and significant health organizations and milestones in animal health.