Southeast Asian Geography PDF

SOUTHEAST ASIA GEOGRAPHY Southeast Asia Overview Mainland Southeast Asia ​ 11 countries, divided into two subregions: ○​ Mainland/Continental Southeast 1.​ Myanmar (Burma) Asia:...

SOUTHEAST ASIA GEOGRAPHY Southeast Asia Overview Mainland Southeast Asia ​ 11 countries, divided into two subregions: ○​ Mainland/Continental Southeast 1.​ Myanmar (Burma) Asia: ○​ Known as “Land of a Thousand ​ Myanmar, Pagodas” ​ Thailand, ○​ Borders: China, India, ​ Laos, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos. ​ Cambodia, ○​ Naypyidaw (capital), Yangon ​ Vietnam (largest city). ​ Malaysia (West - ○​ Notable Geography: Irrawaddy Penang & Kuala River, Andaman Sea coastline, Lumpur) Shan Plateau. ○​ Maritime/Insular/Island/Archipe ​ Irrawaddy River - lagic Southeast Asia: longest River ​ Malaysia (East - Sabah & Sarawa), 2.​ Thailand ​ Singapore, ○​ Known as “Land of Smiles” ​ Brunei, ○​ Bangkok (capital and largest ​ Indonesia, city). ​ the Philippines, and ​ Located on the Chao ​ Timor-Leste/East-Timor Phraya River  SOUTHEAST ASIA GEOGRAPHY ○​ Borders: Myanmar, Laos, ○​ Borders: Thailand, Brunei, Cambodia, Malaysia. Indonesia, and maritime borders ○​ Notable Geography: Chao with the Philippines. Phraya River, Gulf of Thailand, ○​ Divided into two regions: northern mountainous regions. Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. 3.​ Laos ○​ Vientiane (capital). 7.​ Singapore ○​ Borders: Landlocked (neighbors ○​ Singapore (city-state). are China, Myanmar, Thailand, ○​ Famous Landmark: Marina Bay Vietnam, Cambodia). Sands and the Merlion. ​ the only landlocked ○​ Borders: None (island nation at country in SEA the southern tip of the Malay ○​ Mekong River (important for Peninsula). agriculture and trade). ○​ Notable Geography: Urbanized ​ forms the western with little natural terrain. border with Thailand ○​ Smallest Country by Area in SEA (728.6km) 4.​ Cambodia ○​ Phnom Penh (capital). 8.​ Indonesia ○​ Borders: Thailand, Laos, ○​ Jakarta (capital). Vietnam. ○​ Borders: Timor-Leste, Papua ○​ Angkor Wat – Largest religious New Guinea, Malaysia (on monument in the world, located Borneo). in Siem Reap. ○​ Made up of 17,000+ islands ○​ Major River: Tonlé Sap River ​ Largest Islands: Java, connects to the Mekong River. Sumatra, Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi, 5.​ Vietnam Papua. ○​ Hanoi (capital), Ho Chi Minh ○​ largest archipelago in the world. City (largest city). ​ Also the most populous ○​ Borders: China, Laos, Cambodia, coastline along the South China 9.​ Philippines Sea. ○​ Borders: Maritime (South China ○​ Has the longest coastline along Sea, Philippine Sea, and the SCS (3,444km) Celebes Sea). ○​ Notable Geography: Red River ○​ Archipelago of 7,641 islands, Delta (north), Mekong Delta grouped into Luzon, Visayas, (south), Truong Son Mountains. and Mindanao. ○​ Manila (capital), Quezon City (largest city). Maritime Southeast Asia 10.​ Brunei 6.​ Malaysia ○​ Bandar Seri Begawan (capital). ○​ Kuala Lumpur (capital), ○​ Borders: Surrounded by Putrajaya (administrative Malaysian Borneo. capital).  SOUTHEAST ASIA GEOGRAPHY ​ Located entirely on the ​ Runs through Hanoi island of Borneo. ○​ Major exporter of oil and gas. ​ Mountains/mountain ranges: ○​ Annamite Range (Vietnam, 11.​ Timor-Leste (East Timor) Laos, Cambodia), ○​ Dili (capital). ○​ Shan Hills (Myanmar). ○​ Gained independence in 2002, ​ major mountain range the youngest country in in the northern and Southeast Asia. eastern parts of the ○​ Borders: Indonesia and the country. Timor Sea. ○​ Tallest Mountain in SEA: Mount ​ Shares the island of Hkakabo Razi (Myanmar) at Timor with Indonesia 5,881 meters. ○​ Notable Geography: Rugged ​ Part of the Himalayas’ terrain, with a coastline along easternmost range. the Timor Sea. ○​ Tallest Mountain in the Philippines: Mount Apo (Mindanao) at 2,954 meters. GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES: ○​ Tallest Mountain in Malaysia: Mount Kinabalu (Borneo) at ​ Lakes: 4,095 meters. ○​ Largest Lake: Tonlé Sap Lake ​ A UNESCO World (Cambodia). Heritage Site. ○​ Lake Toba (Indonesia): Largest volcanic lake in the world, ​ Volcanoes: formed by a supervolcanic ○​ Most Active Volcano IN SEA: eruption. Mount Merapi (Indonesia). ○​ Taal Lake (Philippines): ​ Known for frequent Features a volcanic island (Taal eruptions and located Volcano) within a lake, on Luzon on Java Island. Island. ○​ Largest Volcano in SEA: Mount Tambora (Indonesia). ​ Major Rivers: ​ Famous for its 1815 ○​ Mekong (Vietnam, Cambodia, eruption, the largest in Laos, Thailand, Myanmar. + recorded history, China), causing the "Year ​ flows through 6 Without a Summer." countries, making it one ○​ Tallest Volcano: Mount Kerinci of the most important (Indonesia) at 3,805 meters. rivers ○​ Philippines’ Most Active ​ Longest river in SEA Volcano: Mayon Volcano. ○​ Irrawaddy (Myanmar), ​ Known for its nearly ​ Myanmar’s largest river, perfect cone shape. vital for transport and ○​ Taal Volcano (Philippines): A agriculture. volcano within a lake on Luzon ○​ Chao Phraya River (Thailand). Island; one of the smallest ○​ Red River (Vietnam) active volcanoes in the world.  SOUTHEAST ASIA GEOGRAPHY ○​ Krakatoa (Indonesia): ​ Its 1883 eruption was one of the most catastrophic in history, causing tsunamis and global climate effects. ○​ Ring of Fire: Indonesia and the Philippines are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, with many active volcanoes. ​ Seas & Oceans: ○​ South China Sea, ○​ Andaman Sea, ○​ Gulf of Thailand, ○​ Celebes Sea, ○​ Philippine Sea, ○​ Timor Sea ​ Rainforests & Ecosystems: ○​ Largest Rainforest in Southeast Asia: ​ Borneo Rainforest (shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei). ​ Home to unique species like orangutans and pygmy elephants. ○​ Endemic Biodiversity Hotspot: ​ The Philippines has one of the highest rates of endemic species in the world, especially in its rainforests and mountains. ​ ​