Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure PDF

‫ال تسنوين من دوعاتمك‬ Blood Vessels ‫دايلا‬ id Arteries: Have thick walls. Arterioles: they aw gr...

‫ال تسنوين من دوعاتمك‬ Blood Vessels ‫دايلا‬ id Arteries: Have thick walls. Arterioles: they aw grated and Major site for resistance to blood flow, called Resistance vessels. a atlatl d was s_j Capillaries: Only place allowing exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, called Exchange vessels. ooh F HE tamed Veins: Hold nearly 55% of blood volume, called Capacitance vessels. 895411 t.HN m r structure, size, and function. Blood vessels are a closed system of tubes, which vary in Types of Blood Vessels: INE Arteries. am Arterioles. d Capillaries. IN Venules. Jed Veins. End I Vessels carryingam blood away from e wwt.ms am the heart are called arteries. I am thot ooh Vessels returning blood toward the heart are called veins. Im wut Arteries carry hit blood at high pressure. 4h5mn65s p top carry blood at relatively low pressure. Veins my.im The smallest dew arteries branch till which imdb.ae into arterioles, oi small branch into a huge number of very atiIIiI si vessels, the capillaries. t.mn ga the exchange of gases, The capillaries are where I Emi and wasteand nutrients, Tfios's products between the blood and cells occurs. mom Trott Capillaries reunite to form very small veins called venules, owaJ.tosg t.fmwhich reunite to form veins. Venules PETIT ED collect blood IT m from capillaries and deliver it to veins. am tabloid 57 on y'd capillaries, and venules are collectively termed the microcirculation. The arterioles, or  Mms Blood Pressure (BP) that imam Also called arterial blood pressure. ok was exerts ongthe wallsOttaviani nie The force or pressure that the blood of the blood vessels. own A own am Generally recorded as systolic/diastolic 120/80 mmHg. Definitions warns Systolic pressure (SP): a gotta pressurejwwajp The highest (maximum) a ventricular systole. reached during imtio. wia.at attain a During contraction of the heart = Blood is ejected into the arteries. Normally 120 mmHg. Diastolic pressure (DP): man win ywmasmt fsuwi wi.int The lowest (minimum) pressure reached during diastole. During relaxation of the heart. Theavg.ws swaying heart is resting, and blood is flowing away toward the organs. Normally 80 mmHg. milk (PP): Pulse pressure The difference between SP and DP. B PP = SP - DP = 120 - 80 = 40 mmHg. wilabwwxia am ow aa.se I arteries with each heartbeat. The pulse pressure can be felt as a pulsation in the I'Immiling Mean arterial pressure (MAP): am pressure The average inlay'm out throughout the cardiac cycle. Timmy Emma town MAP = DP + 1/3 pulse pressure. give MAP = 80 + 1/3 (120 - 80) = 80 + 1/3 (40) = 80 + 13 = 93 mmHg.  Hab m Determinants of Arterial Blood Pressure apple.ba The blood pressure is determined by: 1. item The cardiac output (COP). 2. Imam The peripheral resistance (PR). amigos Formula: BP = Cardiac Output (COP) x Peripheral Resistance (PR). aww Peripheral Resistance aw aww Is the resistance to blood flow. MINTERS Is mainly determined by the caliberpart time agates (diameter) of the arterioles (resistance vessels). OtherGim factors: Ata Viscosity of blood. Length ofkatana the blood vessels. How Regulation of Blood Pressure Why? I timing of perfusion to tissues. Low pressure: Decreases P waydamage ed g ems E to vessels and High pressure: Causes tissues. 206.6451 653 3 Phases of Control of Blood Pressure (BP) 1. teams É Very Rapid Mechanism (Seconds)Short-term control : Iam wwon the heart and blood vessels. Neural control: Acts sÉ 2. tmall.TT Less Rapid Mechanism (Minutes) 98161561 955Th Hormonal action: Affects blood vessels. 3. Long-Term sat at Control (Days) 414 15 of blood Regulation 4 volume by the kidneys. It  Details of Control Mechanisms 1. snippy Short-Term Control (Very Rapid Mechanism) awaits away Controls blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis. This imdb.nl Mainly involves the Baroreceptor IN (pressure receptors) reflex: aid Baroreceptors: L aim Tim utilities Pressure receptors (sensors) found in the walls of arteries. É stimulated by the stretch of Esta the vessels. Hanak They sense the blood pressure and relay custom a the information to the brain. tithe dong system (CVS) and reduces n parasympathetic activity to the cardiovascular Baroreceptor stimulation increases ba sympathetic activity. 2. Less Rapid Mechanism it JWT Release www.wim w Rubatos of vasoconstrictor substances: Become active when BP falls.5 IN Vasoconstrictor WH ix substances: Catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline). Vasopressin (ADH). Angiotensin II. Endothelin-1. 3. www.B J1 Long-Term Control of Blood Pressure 9106 The WHITY MEN body controls blood pressure through the regulation of blood volume. This is mainly the function of the kidneys: www Healers diaryless urine (small volumes of When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys increase blood volume by excreting BAJA concentrated urine). Haw EA MPBsia j.am more urine (large volumes of dz1 jIJ.N When blood pressure increases, the kidneys decrease blood volume by producing diluted urine).  entail Hypertension Items A sustained rise in blood pressure. MEeat plotrises with age. Blood pressure generally go.eu 140/90 is generallytwentieth considered the upper normal limit. g wall Types EH of Hypertension 1. WAKE (Essential Hypertension): Primary Hypertension 6am In over 90% of the 1 6 17 patients, the cause of hypertension is not ops known. 2. IJN an Secondary Hypertension: The high bloodAamir Jonah pressure is due to a known disorder. Management of Primary Hypertension winerycannot be cured, Primary hypertension osi 456 but it can be controlled by: 1 is Diet sb Drugs Habash Complications saw of Hypertension Damage ext and tissues, a to blood vessels anti which mayait cause: btw Renal failure us Brain hemorrhage imafailure. IIF Strain on the heart causing heart ‫ال تسنوين من دوعاتمك‬ ‫دايلا‬