Arches of Foot PDF - Gulf Medical University

Arches of foot Dr Sapna , Asst Professor December 7, 2024 www.gmu.ac.ae COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH SEIENCES Objectives Classify arches of foot Describe the formation of arches of the foot Describe the supports of arches of foo...

Arches of foot Dr Sapna , Asst Professor December 7, 2024 www.gmu.ac.ae COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH SEIENCES Objectives Classify arches of foot Describe the formation of arches of the foot Describe the supports of arches of foot Medial longitudinal arch It is higher ,more mobile and more resilient It is composed of the calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, and 3 medial metatarsals Lateral longitudinal arch Outer arch ,more weight bearing. Rests on the ground when standing Made up of calcaneus ,cuboid and lateral two metatarsals Transverse arch Runs from side to side. Formed by the cuboid, cuneiforms, and bases of the metatarsals. The medial and lateral longitudinal arches serve as pillars for the transverse arch Arch support Key stone : middle stone which is wedge shaped. Wedge lying inferiorly Staples : Binding the lower edges of the stones with metal staples to avoid separation of stones Arch support Tie beams : connecting the ends effectively to prevent separation Suspension bridges: multiple supports that suspend the arch from above Medial longitudinal arch - supports Summit : talus (key stone) Transfers the body weight to the other bones. Talus is held in the socket of navicular bone Posterior pillar : short & sturdy calcaneus Anterior pillar : heads of medial 3 metatarsal bones Medial longitudinal arch - supports Staples : calcaneo-navicular ligament(spring ligament) & tibialis posterior tendon Tie beams : plantar aponeurosis flexor digitorum brevis(medial part), abductor hallucis ,flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus Medial longitudinal arch - supports Suspension : tibialis anterior tibialis posterior,FDL,FHL and medial ligament (deltoid ligament) of ankle joint Lateral longitudinal arch - supports Summit : key stone - cuboid Posterior pillar : calcaneus Anterior pillar : lateral two metatarsals Lateral longitudinal arch - supports Staples : Lateral part of long and short plantar ligaments (calcaneo-cuboid) Tie beams Plantar aponeurosis,flexor digitorum brevis (lateral part) abductor digiti minimi , flexor digiti minimi brevis & flexor digitorum longus (lateral part). Lateral longitudinal arch - supports Suspension: peroneus longus and brevis  Transverse arch Shape: wedge shape intermediate cuneiform Staples: deep transverse ligaments, long plantar ligament, short muscles of foot (dorsal interossei & adductor hallucis).  Transverse arch Tie beam: tendon of fibularis longus Suspension bridge: fibularis tertius, brevis & tibialis anterior. Function of arches of foot Weight distribution Shock absorbers Protection of soft tissues against pressure Acts as a spring during walking & running Deformities of foot Pes cavus or high arched foot: Is exaggerated medial & lateral arches of the foot. Most cases are caused by muscle imbalance, in many instances resulting from poliomyelitis Pes planus or flat foot: This is a condition in which the medial longitudinal arch is depressed It results in forefoot is displaced laterally and everted. References Netter’s Clinical Anatomy,4th Edition-2019,John T Hanson, Chapter 6,Page 291-366,ISBN 978-0-323-53188-7 https://wwwclinicalkeycom.gmulibrary.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0- B9780323531887000068