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Questions and Answers
Which bone is considered the key stone of the medial longitudinal arch?
Which bone is considered the key stone of the medial longitudinal arch?
What is the primary characteristic of the lateral longitudinal arch?
What is the primary characteristic of the lateral longitudinal arch?
Which arches serve as pillars for the transverse arch?
Which arches serve as pillars for the transverse arch?
What component is described as the 'tie beams' in terms of arch support?
What component is described as the 'tie beams' in terms of arch support?
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Which bones are involved in forming the medial longitudinal arch?
Which bones are involved in forming the medial longitudinal arch?
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Which structure serves as the keystone of the lateral longitudinal arch?
Which structure serves as the keystone of the lateral longitudinal arch?
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What is the primary function of the foot arches?
What is the primary function of the foot arches?
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What causes pes cavus or high arched foot?
What causes pes cavus or high arched foot?
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Which ligaments are considered staples in supporting the medial longitudinal arch?
Which ligaments are considered staples in supporting the medial longitudinal arch?
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Which muscle is involved in the suspension of the lateral longitudinal arch?
Which muscle is involved in the suspension of the lateral longitudinal arch?
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In pes planus or flat foot, which is the primary issue observed?
In pes planus or flat foot, which is the primary issue observed?
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What role do tie beams play in the arches of the foot?
What role do tie beams play in the arches of the foot?
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Which tendon is part of the suspension bridge for the transverse arch?
Which tendon is part of the suspension bridge for the transverse arch?
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Study Notes
Arches of the Foot
- The foot has three arches: medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse.
- The medial longitudinal arch is higher, more mobile, and resilient. It's formed by the calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and three medial metatarsals.
- The lateral longitudinal arch bears more weight and rests on the ground when standing. It's made up of the calcaneus, cuboid, and the lateral two metatarsals.
- The transverse arch runs across the foot from side to side. It's formed by the cuboid, cuneiforms, and bases of the metatarsals. The medial and lateral longitudinal arches act as pillars supporting the transverse arch.
Arch Support
- Keystone: The middle stone, wedge-shaped, supporting the arch.
- Staples: Metal staples bind the lower edges of stones to prevent separation.
- Tie beams: Connect the ends of the arch to prevent separation.
- Suspension bridges: Multiple supports suspend the arch from above.
Factors Maintaining the Arches
- Shape of bones
- Staples
- Tie beams
- Slings
Medial Longitudinal Arch - Supports
- Summit: Talus (keystone) transfers body weight to other bones.
- Posterior pillar: Short and sturdy calcaneus.
- Anterior pillar: Heads of medial three metatarsals.
Staples
- Calcaneo-navicular ligament (spring ligament)
- Tibialis posterior tendon
Tie Beams
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Abductor hallucis
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Flexor digitorum longus
Suspension
- Tibialis anterior
- Tibialis posterior
- FDL
- FHL
- Medial ligament (deltoid ligament) of ankle joint
Lateral Longitudinal Arch - Supports
- Summit: Cuboid (keystone)
- Posterior pillar: Calcaneus
- Anterior pillar: Two metatarsals
Staples
- Lateral part of plantor ligaments (calcaneo-cuboid)
Tie Beams
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis (lateral part)
Suspension
- Peroneus longus
- Peroneus brevis
Transverse Arch
- Shape: Wedge-shaped intermediate cuneiform.
- Staples: Deep transverse ligaments, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament.
Tie Beam
- Tendon of Fibularis longus
- Suspension bridge: Fibularis tertius, brevis & tibialis anterior
Function of Arches of Foot
- Weight distribution
- Shock absorption
- Protection of soft tissues against pressure
- Acts as a spring during walking and running
Deformities of Foot
- Pes cavus (high arched foot): Exaggerated medial and lateral arches; often caused by muscle imbalance, sometimes from poliomyelitis.
- Pes planus (flat foot): Depressed medial longitudinal arch, leading to forefoot displacement laterally.
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Description
Explore the intricate anatomy of the foot's arches, including the medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse arches. Understand the roles of various components like the keystone, staples, and tie beams in maintaining arch stability. Perfect for students of anatomy or physical therapy.
