Arab-Israeli Conflict History Timeline PDF

Timeline -​ 1917: Pre British Mandate Palestine -​ The British conquered Palestine and took control from the Ottoman Turks (October 3, 1917) -​ Ended 1400+ years of Islamic rule -​ During World War I, the British issued the Balfour Declaration -​ Nov...

Timeline -​ 1917: Pre British Mandate Palestine -​ The British conquered Palestine and took control from the Ottoman Turks (October 3, 1917) -​ Ended 1400+ years of Islamic rule -​ During World War I, the British issued the Balfour Declaration -​ November 2, 1917 -​ Promised a home for European Jews in Palestine while ‘respecting the rights of non-Jewish Palestinians’ -​ 1922 -​ The Ottoman Empire is defeated in World War I -​ The League of Nations affirms the British Mandate in Palestine and the French Mandate over Syria and Lebanon. -​ Transjordan (Jordan) becomes an autonomous kingdom with no mandate -​ 1936/1937: Palestinians begin to rally for a stop to Jewish immigration into Palestine and demand the selling of homes to Jews be banned -​ A partition is recommended by the Peel Commission (British Royal Commission of Palestine) -​ Palestinians were against this -​ 1939: The British attempted to restrict Jewish immigration and the purchasing of land in Palestine -​ Because of this, Zionist militants erupted violently -​ 1947: UN Resolution 181 (Took over around half of the land) -​ Palestine becomes partitioned into Arab, Jewish, and neutral areas (Jerusalem and Bethlehem) -​ 1948: The British Mandate ended and Israel declared itself as an independent nation. -​ UN Resolution 194: Refugees wished to return to their homes safely and peacefully with access to holy places. -​ This was not listened to Plan D: Ethnic Cleansing of Palestinians (Nakba Catastrophe) -​ 1949: Armistice agreements emerge -​ Israel would occupy and take over more land (around 75%, however in their plan made in 1947, they wanted to have at least 85%.) -​ Egypt occupies the Gaza Strip -​ Six Day War  -​ Transjordan controls old Jerusalem (annexed in 1950) but however lost it during the Six-Day War -​ 1953: Jenin Refugee Camp established to replace a snow-destroyed camp -​ 1956: Egypt takes the Suez Canal from British+French control, but withdrew by 1957 due to pressure from the international arena -​ 1964: Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) established -​ In support of the idea that the settlement of Israel should live in peace and security -​ They wanted to liberate a homeland for Palestine -​ 1967: Nakba Catastrophe -​ Israel attacks Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Jordan during the Six-Day War -​ Occupies the Golan Heights in Syria and Gaza -​ UN Resolution 242: Calls for Israel to withdraw from occupied territories and a just solution to the refugee camps -​ 1973: Egypt + Syria attack Israel in the Sinai + Golan Heights [Yom Kippur War] -​ Resolution 338: Reiteration of Resolution 242 + calls for peace -​ 1974: The Arab Summit met in Rabat, Morocco, and declared the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of Palestine. Israel withdraws from Syrian territory except for the Golan Heights -​ 1975: Lebanon Civil War (1975-1990), tensions with Muslims and Christians increase -​ 1977: Anwar Sadat of Egypt visits Jerusalem and Menachem Begin of Israel visits Egypt to negotiate peace, but there is no sign of peace -​ 1978: Camp David Accords are approved -​ Israel complies with Resolution 242 as a peace agreement with Israel and Egpyt -​ Other Arab nations rejected the Accords -​ 1979: Peace Treaty signed between Egypt and Israel -​ Israel withdrew from the Sinai and would have access to the Suez Canal -​ Israel only upheld the treaty with Egypt, no other Arab nation -​ 1981: More Israeli settlements on Palestinian land increase and Anwar Sadat assassinated -​ 1985: Israel begins to remove forces from Lebanon -​ 1987: First Intifada Uprising (1987-1993) + establishment of Hamas Yasser Arafat: Became head of the PLO in 1988 and affirmed Israel’s right to exist + denounced violence. Later became the leader of Palestine in 1996. Oslo Accords: By 1993, the PLO + Israel reached a peace agreement Fatah: Formerly known as the Palestinian National Liberation Movement - militant + nationalist group