Ceiling Systems PDF

Module 2 – Ceiling Lecture 2 : Ceiling Systems Ceiling System  CEILING SYSTEMS.  CEILING SYSTEMS  A dropped ceiling is often a secondary ceiling, hung below the main (structural) ceiling. It may also be referred to as a drop ceiling, T-bar ceiling...

Module 2 – Ceiling Lecture 2 : Ceiling Systems Ceiling System  CEILING SYSTEMS.  CEILING SYSTEMS  A dropped ceiling is often a secondary ceiling, hung below the main (structural) ceiling. It may also be referred to as a drop ceiling, T-bar ceiling,false ceiling, suspended ceiling, grid ceiling, drop in ceiling, or drop out ceiling.  The area above the dropped ceiling is called plenums pace.  HISTORY Firstly used in japan for the purpose of aesthetics in Murom chi period (1337 to 1573). Later black friars theatre in London, england, built in 1596, had dropped ceilings to aid acoustics. Initially dropped ceiling was built using inter locking tiles and the only way to provide access to repair or inspection of the area above was remove tiles from the edge or from key tile till the area of inspection is reached out. This was time consuming and expensive.  FUNCTION OF THE CEILING  Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape  Control diffusion of: ▪ light ▪ sound  Conceal MPE  Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler…  May assist with ▪ fire resistance ▪ distribution / return of HVAC  TYPES OF CEILING  Exposed Structural & MPE  TightlyAttached  Suspended  Interstitial  Common with elaborate MPE systems ▪ Hospitals & laboratories  Purpose: ▪ Accommodate extensive MPE systems ▪ Provide access for maintenance & updating services  Exposed Structure & MPE ▪ Industrial, warehouse, … ▪ Economy & ease of maintenance ▪ Timber, trusses, etc. ▪ Often for appearance  Flat Plate ▪ Painted - hotels & apartments ▪ Minimal MPE services in ceiling ▪ Economy and reduces story height  Exposed Structure Ceiling “Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling Textured Ceiling Exposed Timber & MPE Services  Attached directly to joists or slabs  Special arrangements / accommodations for: ▪ Structural members (beams, girders) ▪ MPE systems   Suspended from the Structure ▪ Generally by wires  Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic) Structure Ceiling Support Plenum space Wires W for ducts, pipes, conduit... Support System Suspended Ceiling Metal Framing Drywall Furring Channels Plaster “Metal Grid Acoustic (incombustible fibers)  Material Used in False Ceiling 1. Concealed 2. Exposed (A) Plaster of Paris (A) Fibre (B) Gypsum (B Synthetic Leather or (C) Wooden ) Glass Cloth (C) Metal (D)  POP(Plaster of Paris) false ceiling Introduction Plaster of Paris (POP) is commonly used for constructing false ceilings. Type of a ceiling that originated from France Gypsum, which gives out water when heated, makes POP. Post-heating, gypsum softens and is then crushed to form a powder. POP hardens instantly when water is added to it. It is applied to fiberboard or a wood base, which is then suspended to form the false ceiling. The most important feature of false ceiling’s beauty is cove lighting. It is an Compositions of POP indirect form of artificial light. Use of a white powder (calcium trioxo carbonate) for molding the ceiling into any form and pattern.  Gypsum Board Gypsum is a Soft, light weight hydrated sulfate of calcium. Earlier it was very laborious work to install a roof with the traditional methods, but with the advent of gypsum boards for false ceiling, it became easy to install and also cheaper. Gypsum false ceiling consists of gypsum boards that are being supported by Iron framework. It is available in variable thickness and sizes as well. It is quite light weight and is easy to install. This type of false ceiling are Sound insulated, fire resistance, soft and thermally insulated. The finishing work on these boards like paints, laminates, wallpapers and texture finish gives good look. Type According to Edge ROUNDED TAPERED BEVELED SQUARE EDGE TONGUE & GROOVE  WOODEN FALSE CEILING INTRODUCTION It is used both for providing roofing and for aesthetical purpose in a building. It can be used both for domestic and commercial purpose. TYPES OF WOODEN FALSE CEILING Suspended ceiling Ceiling tiles SUSPENDED CEILING A non structural ceiling suspended below the overhead s tructural slab or from the structural elements of a building andnot be aring onto the walls is known as suspended ceiling. CEILING TILES Ceiling tiles are standard 12" x 12" or 16" x 16" squares that are attached to a frame which are connected with vertical member.  COMPONENTS OF WOODEN FALSE CEILING 1): FIXING THE FRAMEWORK DIRECTLY TO THE BEAMS OR CEILING Start by fixing a wooden framework to act as supporting structure directly to the existing ceiling or roofing beams. Fix the wooden supports with a spacing of 40 cm. The ceiling panels are then screwed to the wooden framework. 3): FIXING VERTICAL STRUTS TO THE SUPPORTS The next step is to decide on the height of the new ceiling. Measure the desired height from the floor and mark it off at the 4 corners. You can then use struts of the right length to fix the false ceiling panels. Fix the struts to the supports on the ceiling.  COMPONENTS OF WOODEN FALSE CEILING 3). FIXING THE WALL SUPPORTS AND FRAMEWORK MEMBERS Use a cord and a spirit level to mark off the positions of the wall supports on the wall. The underside of the framework will then be horizontal. Fix the wall supports to the wall along the marked lines with plugs and screws, and then fix the framework members all at the same height to the bottoms of the struts. 4): APPLY THE INSULATION The insulation panels are then fitted over the framework members. If you have fitted the struts with spacings of 60 cm you will be able to fix the insulation panels without the need to cut them to size.  FIX THE FIRST ROW OF CEILING PANELS Screw the first ceiling panel to the left side against the wall, using 25 mm plasterboard screws with a spacing between screws of 20 cm. Allow an 8 mm expansion gap between the panel and the wall. This gap is later covered with a finishing strip. 6):FINISHING THE JOINTS If you want to finish the joints between the ceiling panels, make sure they are clean and dust free. Then fill the gaps with solution and a putty knife.  EDGING PROFILE To finish the outer edges of the false ceiling neatly, fix the finishing strips in place with construction adhesive. Put a few spots of adhesive on the finishing strip, press it into place ❑ ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WOOD CEILING ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES They can be given various Ply ceiling are difficult to maintain, since finishes, or painted to get these are prone to termite attacks the right look. The room has to be thermally controlled They can be treated to to reduce the humidity in the air. increase their lifespan. The wood is prone to warping and other They are strong. physical changes, with time. Its highly flammable material. Comparative to other materials wooden ceiling is heavy.  Glass false ceiling Usually transparent glass is not used as ceiling as it contradicts the very idea of false ceiling- to hide from viewer's eye. Thus glass used in ceiling are treatment glass such as frost glass, back painted , stained glass , mirror etc.  Acoustic “Lay-in Panels” Exposed Metal Grid 2x2 or 2x4 Lay-in Panels MPE “sized” to fit grid or cut into the acoustic tile Economical  “Difficult” to access Main Runners Cross Tees Provide Main Ceiling Support Intermediate Support Generally 4’ o.c. “Rest”/ attach to Mains Attached to “Hangers” Spacing depends on tile Additional hangers may be required to support MPE “loads” Wall Angle Attaches to wall ARCHITECTURAL FINISHING SYSTEMS SUSPENDED LIGHT GAUGE CEILING SYSTEM A suspended ceiling system consists of 3 parts: Primary Members Secondary Members and Main Ceiling Material or Tiles (e.g. acoustic boards, cloth etc.) These primary and secondary members are called the structural members and form the framework on which the boards, lighting fixtures, A.C ducts etc. are fixed. The diagram below depicts all the important parts of a false ceiling (suspended ceiling) system: 1) Main Runners 2) Secondary members 3) Perimeter section 4) Hanging member 5) Tile  TYPES OF FALS E CEILING SYSTEMS Suspended ceilings are create d using metal grid systems, which are suspended below the ceiling or roof deck using a series of wires. The grid is then filled in with ceiling tiles, which are primarily made from mineral fibre blends. Depending up on the appearance and visibility of the members false ceilings are classified in to two types. They are: 1. Exposed Grid 2. Concealed grid EXPOSED GRID SYTEMS A system where the grid is visible and into which panels are laid. The grid is finished in colours to harmonise or contrast with the panels is known as exposed grid type ceiling.  TYPES OF FALS E CEILING SYSTEMS Exposed grid varieties are the most common type of suspended ceiling. They consist of long metal strips, called "mains," which are interconnected with shorter metal pieces known as "tees Together, the mains and tees form a grid system ,which are then filled with acoustical ceiling tiles. Exposed grid suspended ceiling systems can contribute to passive fire protection. The system is rapid to install and can provide a high degree of access to the ceiling void. ❑ MAIN TEE The main runners shall be installed so that they are level. Levelling shall be done with the supporting hangers taut to prevent any subsequent download movement when the ceiling loads are applied. HANGER WIRE ❑ Where hangers wires pass through main runners, the loops shall be sharply bent and tightly wrapped to prevent vertical movement of the runner within the loop. CROSS TEES Cross tees that are supported by either main runners or other cross tees shall be installed so that from a right angle with the interesting runner. Cross tees over 600mm long which are cut and rest on the wall angle shall be supported by an additional hanger. ❑ WALL ANGLE Wall angle shall be neatly jointed at all external and internal angles. All wall angle shall be firmly fixed at the specified centres to the perimeter wall or other structure.  CONCEALED GRID SYSTEMS Concealed grid systems use the acoustical tiles to hide the grid system from view. This creates a smooth, clean which is aesthetically pleasing. The tile used has a small groove built into it's perimeter, which slides over the mains and tees to cover them. Various metal and a few kinds of pop ceilings come under this category This type is more expensive than an exposed system. This kind of false ceiling system is difficult for maintenance to access areas above the ceiling. Figures showing sections of the concealed grid ceilings  SOFFIT CLEAT: Soffit cleat is used to hold the ceiling angle vertically in position. Soffit cleat is fixed to ceiling with help of fasters. Ceiling angle is connected o soffit clit with uses of metal to metal screws. PERIMETER CHANNEL: Perimeter channel is fixed along the periphery of false ceiling area. The perimeter INTERMEDIATE CHANNEL: channel is fixed to wall with Intermediate channel acts as basic skeleton help of screw and serves as to hold the suspended ceiling system. supports of intermediate Intermediate channel is fixed to ceiling channels. angels by using metal to metal screws. Ceiling section is connected to intermediate channel through connecting clip.  CEILING SECTIONS: Ceiling section is hold by intermediate channel with the help of connecting clip. Gypsum board is fixed to ceiling section with the help of drywall screws. CONNECTION CLIP: Connecting clip is used to connect ceiling section to intermediate channel. DRYWALL SCREWS: Drywall screws are used to fix gypsum sheet to ceiling section.  EXPOSE GRID SYTEMS CONCEALED GRID SYSTEMS Intermediate channel Perimeter channel Wall angle Soffit cleat EXPOSED GRID SYTEMS CONCEALED GRID SYSTEMS HANGING WIRE G.I. STRIPS  “Recessed” Grid Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler, smoke detector, communication Multiple Tile Finishes Available Diffuser sized 2x2  Other way to applied a glass in false ceiling Fix all vertical member aluminum or wooden framework. Fix horizontal member Fix or apply a glass on the top Glass applied on wooden frame Glass applied on aluminum frame Uses To get a natural lights all day. In some country to get a heat of sun light glass ceiling also helpful METAL CEILING  PROPERTIES Metal ceilings are made of naturally strong light-weight aluminium,zinc coated steel or stainless steel, prepainted and treated for long life, rustfree performance, fire and moisture Resist All metal ceilings are designed for simple and economical installation on standard exposed systems or purpose designed grids which are easy to install and remove with minimum tools The flexibility of the grid system, makes for easy integration of services such as lighting, sprinklers and air grilles.minimum tools. Apart from defining the visual appearance of the product, the perforation will also influence the acoustic performance of the ceiling. Metal ceilings offer arange of light reflectance values between 63 & 87%. Metal ceilings are ideal for - Modern work spaces - Break out zones in offices - Clean rooms - Kitchens - Hospitals and - Transportation Metal Ceiling Offers a full range of plank and tile metal ceiling options: Standard tiles for installation in conventional grid systems Special options in metal for signature spaces, e.g. Curved metal ceilings, Open Cell ceilings and Mesh lay-in panels. FUNCTION Metal tiles and planks can be specified with a range of acoustic MATERIAL treatments depending on the balance Products are made of zinc coated between intelligibility and confidentiality steel,aluminium or stainless steel. you wish to achieve. Gauge of steel used varies as is All these products come with a durable coil appropriate to product type, size coat finish. and configuration. FINISH LIGHT REFLECTION Products are finished with a Orcal products offer a range of light durable, reflectance values between 63 & 87%. electrostatic factory applied polyester powder or coil coat.  TYPES OF METAL CEILING CLIP AND TILE PLANK S-CURVE SHAPE OPEN CELLO  CLIP-IN TILE AND PLANK PROPERTIES - Plain, monolithic surface - Minimum plenum clearance - Choice of dimensions - Easy to clean - Swing down option for easy access  PLANK Armstrong metal planks are available in lengths between 900 mm and 3000 mm. Choose between Clip-in system (1200 x 300 mm) and Carrier bar systems (ideal for external application) The concealed appearance of planks minimises the visbility of the grid making for a smooth or contiguous appearance. Three perforation options are available enabling a fine balance between appearance and acoustics. The wood visual option available in planks provides for greater visual warmth in spaces.  Advantages Slick appearance Long term durability Fire and water resistant Disadvantages Acoustical performance Expensive achieved through perforation Less light reflectivity. Minimal maintenance Enhances internal air flow  FIBERBOARD AND FIBER/MINERAL REINFORCED TILES Mineral reinforced tiles- are ceramics reinforced with natural stone, wood, vegetable fibre, bitumen and tars. This process increases the insulation capacity of the product. Fibreboard tiles- are strengthened with wood vegetable fibre, wood waste , reed paper and agricultural wastes.  Advantages of fibreboard They have high insulation against sound and fire. The fibre increases the hardness and the toughness of the material. The material can be decorated with paint or other finishes improving the aesthetics of the room. Water repellents and preservatives can be added to increase the life of the product. If fire safety is a factor, ceiling tiles made from mineral fibres, or fire-rated wood panels can be used within the construction to meet acceptable standards/ratings  Synthetic Leather False Ceiling The materials used in this type of ceilings are either leather or cloth and thermocol. As both the used materials are man-made they can be given any form, shape and design which improves the aesthetic view of interior of the building.  This type of false ceiling is not extensively used but is very light weight and is quite new. As these collects dust and has low light transferring property it’s only used in temporary tents or other temporary buildings.  No. Material Photos Uses 1 -heat insulation POP -acoustic improvement 2 -Durability Gypsum -Fire resistance -Sound Insolation 3 -roofing and for aesthetical Wooden purpose - for domestic and commercial purpose 4 -aesthetical appearance Glass -heat instrulator 5 - Modern work spaces Metal - Break out zones in offices - Clean rooms - Kitchens 6 -itinerary buildings Synthetic Material  Lights Two type of lights Exposed lights Consoled lights  Lights use in ceiling Surface light Spot light Rope light Profile lights Different ceiling and placement of lights Placement of light and reflection