Plant and Animal Reproduction PDF

Earth and Life Science Senior High School Grade 12 HUMSS EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE PLANT AND ANIMAL REPRODUCTION  Duration: 50 min Grade 12 HUMSS/ABM/GAS CONTENTS PLANT REPRODUCTION...

Earth and Life Science Senior High School Grade 12 HUMSS EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE PLANT AND ANIMAL REPRODUCTION  Duration: 50 min Grade 12 HUMSS/ABM/GAS CONTENTS PLANT REPRODUCTION ANIMAL EARTH AND LIFE REPRODUCTION SCIENCE PLANT AND ANIMAL GENETIC REPRODUCTION ENGINEERING AND What makes these pictures similar to each other? Perpetuation of Life Continuation of Life. How? Reproduction Process by which all living organisms produce one of their kinds to ensure the survival of the species. The perpetuation of life is dependent on this process. Reproduction Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new individuals, ensuring the survival of their species. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual and sexual. Asexual Reproduction Definition: In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself. This means the offspring are exact copies (clones) of the parent. Examples of Asexual Reproduction: Binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and vegetative propagation. Asexual Reproduction Characteristics: Only one parent is needed. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent. Common in single-celled organisms like bacteria and in some plants.  Sexual Reproduction Definition: In sexual reproduction, two parents contribute genetic material to produce offspring. The offspring are genetically different from the parents. Examples of Sexual Reproduction: In animals, humans, flowering plants, and most otherplants and animals. Sexual Reproduction Characteristics: Requires two parents (male and female). - Offspring have a mix of genes from both parents, leading to genetic diversity. - Common in complex organisms.  Identify the Type of Reproduction For each example, identify whether it is asexual or sexual reproduction. 1. A bacterium divides to form two new bacteria. __________ASEXUAL 2. A sunflower produces seeds after pollination. __________SEXUAL 3. A starfish regenerates a new arm after losing one. __________ 4.ASEXUAL A mushroom releases spores that grow into new mushrooms. __________ 5. A puppy is born from a mother and father dog. __________ ASEXUAL SEXUAL Plant Reproduction 1. Sexual Reproduction 2. Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Occurs on flowering plants Reproductive Organ Sexual Reproduction  MATCH COLUMN A WITH COLUMN B occurs in flowers where the stamen and carpel mature at the same time, and are positioned so that the pollen can land on CROSS POLLINATION the flower's stigma. also called allogamy, type of pollination in which sperm-laden pollen grains are transferred from the cones or flowers of FERTILIZATION one plant to egg-bearing cones or flowers of another. Fertilization takes place inside the ovary when the nucleus of pollen grain fuses SELF POLLINATION with the nucleus of an ovule to produce a zygote  SELF-POLLINATION occurs in flowers where the stamen and carpel mature at the same time, and are positioned so that the pollen can land on the flower's stigma.  CROSS POLLINATION type of pollination in which sperm-laden pollen grains are transferred from the cones or flowers of one plant to egg-bearing cones or flowers of another.  FERTILIZATION Fertilization takes place inside the ovary when the nucleus of pollen grain fuses with the nucleus of an ovule to produce a zygote Asexual Runners Reproduction are specialized stems called stolon. These stems grow horizontally outward 1. Runner and downward from plants and produce baby plants at their Example: tips. By cutting off the babies and planting Strawberry them or allowing them to root on their own, additional plants may grow. Asexual Reproduction 2. Cutting Example: Cassava Asexual Reproduction 3. Tubers, Bulbs and Taproot All grows from roots Q1. What are the two ways of plant reproduction? Plant Reproductio - Sexual and Asexual Q2. What are the two processes involving in sexual reproduction of plants? - Pollination and Fertilization Q3. Runners, Cutting, Tubers and Bulbs are examples of what kind of reproduction of plants? - Asexual Animal Reproduction 1. Sexual Reproduction 2. Asexual Reproduction  Animal Reproduction 1. Sexual Reproduction A. Fertilization Activity 1. I will show you 3 organisms. 2. Pick one. 3. Search for how the organism you chose reproduce sexually. 4. You can use the internet or your prior knowledge. 5. I will give you 5 minutes to read and search for info. 6. I will call someone in random to share their research. Activity: A B C Activity: A How did earthworms reproduce? Earthworms reproduce through sexual reproduction. They are hermaphrodites, meaning each earthworm has both male and female reproductive organs. During mating, two earthworms exchange sperm with each other, which they later use to fertilize their eggs. After mating, each earthworm forms a cocoon where the fertilized eggs develop until the young earthworms emerge. Activity: B All frogs reproduce sexually, and all hatch from eggs. In almost all frogs, egg fertilization happens outside the female's body instead of inside. The female releases her eggs and the male releases his sperm at the same time.... The male climbs onto the female's back and clasps his forelegs around her middle. Activity: C Chickens reproduce through sexual reproduction. A rooster mates with a hen, fertilizing her eggs. The rooster mounts the female, and usually grabs the top of her head near her comb. He then stands on her back, and lowers his cloaca. The hen lays the fertilized eggs, which are incubated for about 21 days until they hatch into chicks. Animal Reproduction 1. Asexual Reproduction Animal Reproduction 1. Asexual Reproduction A. Fission a separation of the body into two new bodies Paramecium (Protist) Animal Reproduction 1. Asexual Reproduction Hydra B. Budding a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud Sponge Animal Reproduction 1. Asexual Reproduction C. Fragmentation breaking into pieces or being divided Flatworm Starfish into parts. FILL IN THE BLANKS ASEXUAL 1. In __________ reproduction, only one parent is needed, and the offspring are identical to the parent. SEXUAL 2. In __________ reproduction, two parents contribute genetic material to produce diverse offspring. BINARY FISSION 3. __________ is a type of asexual reproduction where an organism splits into two, as seen in bacteria. GENETIC MATERIAL 4. In sexual reproduction, the offspring receive __________ from both parents. 5. Vegetative propagation is a type of __________ reproduction. ASEXUAL IDENTIFICATION Identify the type of reproduction for each item. 1. Plant cuttings growing roots ASEXUAL 2. A hen laying eggs after mating SEXUAL 3. A hydra growing a bud ASEXUAL 4. A fish spawning (releasing eggs) SEXUAL 5. Binary fission in amoeba ASEXUAL Q1. What are the two ways of animal reproduction? Animal - Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Q2. Does sexual reproduction involving fertilization of two gametes (sperm + egg cells) ? - Yes. Q3. What are the 3 ways on how animals reproduce asexually? - Fission, Budding, and Fragmentation Perpetuation of Life All organisms including animals and plants REPRODUCTION should undergo REPRODUCTION. As living organisms, our responsibility does not limit to reproduction only but also to growing and developing our offspring. GENETIC ENGINEERING Genetic engineering is a field of science where genes of organisms are being modified for a better kind of organism.  GMO Genetic engineers use specific techniques to modify DNA in an organism. This often involves inserting genes from other organisms, including bacteria or other plants, to give the GMO new abilities. For example, genes that protect certain plants from pests are added to crops like corn, allowing them to grow with less pesticide use.  GMO Some of the most common GMO crops include soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola. These crops are primarily engineered for traits like herbicide tolerance or pest resistance, making farming more efficient and sometimes reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Benefits of GMOs 1. Higher Yields: GMOs can increase crop yields, helping to produce more food on less land, which can be beneficial for food security. 2. Pest and Disease Resistance: By making crops resistant to specific pests and diseases, farmers can reduce losses and reliance on chemical pesticides. 3. Nutritional Enhancements: Some GMOs are designed to improve nutritional content, like Golden Rice, which has been genetically modified to produce vitamin A to combat  CONTROVERSIES 1. Environmental Impact: Concerns exist that GMO crops may reduce biodiversity and contribute to the development of herbicide-resistant "superweeds." 2. Health Concerns: While some worry about the long-term health effects of GMOs, scientific studies have generally deemed them safe for consumption. 3. Ethical and Economic Issues: Ethical debates surround gene manipulation, with fears that patents on GMO seeds could give corporations too much control over the food supply, negatively impacting small farmers. 4. Labeling and Regulation: Regulations on GMOs vary by country, with some requiring labeling to inform consumers while others impose strict restrictions or bans on GMO production and s