Approach to Equine Diarrhoea PDF
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Uploaded by SimplerBouzouki
University of Surrey
Holly Lenagham
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Summary
This presentation provides an approach to equine diarrhoea, exploring various aspects of the condition from learning objectives to management strategies. Focuses on equine hindgut function and different causes, including acute and chronic cases, and highlighting diagnostic and treatment considerations. Includes discussions on clinical findings, laboratory work, and imaging.
Full Transcript
A P P R O A C H TO E Q U I N E DIARRHOEA HOLLY LENAGHAN BVETMED FHEA MRCVS With thanks to S. Kwon LEARNING OBJECTIVES Apply core structure, function and pathophysiological knowledge to common clinical scenarios Establish a holistic cl...
A P P R O A C H TO E Q U I N E DIARRHOEA HOLLY LENAGHAN BVETMED FHEA MRCVS With thanks to S. Kwon LEARNING OBJECTIVES Apply core structure, function and pathophysiological knowledge to common clinical scenarios Establish a holistic clinical approach to animals with diarrhoea, including integration of detailed system-specific examinations Assess the different clinical presentations associated with diarrhoea and formulate differential diagnoses Develop knowledge and technical skills appropriate to the investigation of diarrhoea and apply clinical reasoning to reach a diagnosis and assess diagnostic and prognostic indicators Recommend appropriate medical/surgical interventions in the management and treatment of diarrhoea conditions, and determine control measures appropriate for disease prevention EQUINE HINDGUT PHYSIOLOGY Equine hindgut function Plays a critical role in storing and absorbing water Major site for water absorption Disruption of this function leads to clinical signs of diarrhoea A site of fermentation of ingested fibre by bacteria and protozoal flora Fermentation produces volatile fatty acids (VFAs), proteins, and vitamins Susceptible to disturbance if there are large amounts of undigested sugars 3 EQUINE DIARRHOEA: DEFINITION What is diarrhoea? It is a symptom, not an actual disease Increased water content in faeces and frequency of the faecal output Various severity and range of clinical presentation 4 EQUINE DIARRHOEA: CAUSES (ACUTE) ACUTE ONSET DIARRHOEA Most acute onset cases are caused by an infectious agent(s) All horses: Salmonella spp., Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, Aeromonas spp, Coronavirus, and larval cyathostomiasis (not in young foals) Foals and Weanlings: Foal heat diarrhoea, Rotavirus, Rhoddoccocus equi, Cryptosporidium, lactose intolerance, sepsis associated failure of passive transfer (FPT), Lawsonia intracellularis Non-infectious causes include exposure to toxicant(s) Antimicrobial-induced colitis, NSAID toxicity, grain overload, cantharidin, acorn, arsenic, sand enteropathy 5 EQUINE DIARRHOEA: CAUSES (ACUTE) SALMONELLOSIS Gram-negative facultative anaerobes Horses are NOT carriers of Salmonella (no host adaptation) Equine cases are associated with few S. enterica serotypes S. enterica ssp. enterica serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, muenchen, krefeld, saintpaul, anatum, newport and infantis Multidrug-resistant S. typymurium DT104 and S. Newport are zoonotic! Faecal oral route Faecal shedding varies by group and the method of detection Farm study:
