APP 002 (EAPP) Module 1-4 PDF

**APP 002 -- (EAPP)** MODULE \# 1 =========== **TEXT STRUCTURE** - Refers to how information is organized in a passage. - Can change multiple things in work, and even without a paragraph. **Patterns of Organization** **CAUSE AND EFFECT --** the results of something are explained. **CHRONO...

**APP 002 -- (EAPP)** MODULE \# 1 =========== **TEXT STRUCTURE** - Refers to how information is organized in a passage. - Can change multiple things in work, and even without a paragraph. **Patterns of Organization** **CAUSE AND EFFECT --** the results of something are explained. **CHRONOLOGICAL --** information in the passage is organized based on time. **COMPARE AND CONTRAST --** two or more things are described. Their similarities and differences are discussed. **ORDER OF IMPORTANCE --** information is expressed as a hierarchy or in priority. **PROBLEM AND SOLUTION --** a problem is described, and a response or solution is proposed or explained. **SEQUENCE/PROCESS WRITING --** information is organized in steps or a process is explained in the order in which it occurs. **SPATIAL/DESCRIPTIVE WRITING --** information is organized in order of space (Top to bottom, left to right.) MODULE \# 2 =========== **TOPIC: Summarizing & Paraphrasing Academic Texts** **SUMMARY --** Is a short or abbreviated version of a longer text and sums up the main points of the source. **Techniques in Summarizing** **SELECTION -** Select major idea, keywords and phrases, special terms and interpretations presented in the original text. **REJECTION --** Remove unnecessary data or the specifics **SUBSTITUTION** -- Replace long sentences/phrases with shorter ones. Combine several sentences into one. **SUMMARIZING** - **Putting main ideas in your own words** - **Must attribute source** - **Shorter than original source Purpose of Summary:** 1. to help you understand the main points and structure of the author\'s argument, 2. to convey understanding to others, 3. to present background information quickly, and 4. to refer to another writer\'s ideas in the course of making your own original statement. **PARAPHRASE --** Is a statement and restructuring of ideas for the purpose of clarifying the meaning of a text restatement means that you rephrase the original using your own words. However, you do not just change some words in the material, you also need to change the flow of ideas in the effort to make original meaning clearer. **STEPS IN PARAPHRASING:** 1. Read the original passage several times until you understand it fully. Look for synonyms for unfamiliar words. 2. Take note of the important details. 3. Write your paraphrase referring only to your notes. 4. Check your paraphrase against the original to make sure you have not copied vocabulary or the sentence structure too closely. **PARAPHRASING** - **Putting source material in your own words** - **Must attribute source** - **Not concerned with length** - **Change the words and the structure of the sentence.** MODULE \# 3 =========== **TOPIC: Stating the Thesis Statement and Textual Evidence** **THESIS STATEMENT --** It is a sentence or two that tells your reader your topic, what you think about it, and possibly how you are going to prove it. **COMPONENTS:** 1. topic 2. opinion 3. sub-topics **TYPES OF THESIS STATEMENT** **Direct (stated) Thesis --** outline the main idea and the organization of the essay **Statement --** reader **Indirect (implied) Thesis Statement --** introduce the topic, but they do not outline the supporting ideas **COMPONENTS OF THESIS STATEMENT** **Topic --** the general subject of the essay **Controlling idea --** your opinion, belief, view, feeling about the topic **Sub-topics --** the areas you will focus on to support your idea **TEXTUAL EVIDENCE** -- It is evidence from a text that you can use to illustrate your ideas and support your arguments. All textual evidence should: - Support a specific point. - Be cited with the page number at the end of the sentence. - Be followed by an "connection" that explains the relationship of the evidence to your main point. It is evidence from a text that you can use to illustrate your ideas and support your arguments. MODULE \# 4 =========== **TOPIC: Forming Opinions Based on Facts** **OPINION** - Subjective statement based on a person's beliefs or attitudes. - Opinions are not acceptable as support - You must support it with facts if you wish to express it. **FACT** - Objective statement of truths - Piece of info used as evidence or as support to an opinion - You must use supporting details or proof if you wish to strengthen the validity of the facts presented. A **fact** is a statement that can be proven true or false. An **opinion** is an expression of a person\'s feelings. that cannot be proven. Opinions can be based on facts or emotions and sometimes they are meant to deliberately mislead others. **Opinions,** for most of the time, contain descriptive words. Descriptive words are subjective. It can become unclear how to separate fact and opinion when many people hold the same opinion. A **bias** is an opinion or an attitude we have for or against something. A bias usually stems from our feelings rather than from rational thought. MODULE \# 5 =========== **TOPIC: Describing the Content and** **Structure of the Critique/Reaction Paper** **What is a Critique Paper** -- It is a formal analysis and evaluation of a text, production, or performance---either a self- critique or someone else\'s. **CONTENTS SHOULD BE:** [ACCURATE] ====================== [EVALUATIVE] ======================== [BALANCED] ====================== **PARTS OF THE CRITIQUE PAPER** **Introduction --** it provides short background information, defines key terms, and ends with a strong argument. **Summary --** it is a quick overview of the main ideas and objectively describes how the creator portrays these by using techniques, styles, media, characters or symbols. **Critical evaluation --** it discusses the strengths and the weaknesses of the resources and assesses **Conclusion --** it is a brief paragraph that restates the main ideas and the argument of your essay **Reference List --** it includes all resources cited in your critique **Appropriate Critical Approaches in Writing a Critique** **Formalism Criticism--** Emphasizes the ***form of literacy*** work to determine its meaning, focusing on literacy elements and how they work to create meaning. **Psychoanalytic Criticism --** Emphasize the **process of introspection or looking into past** **experiences and latent desires in order to understand the rationale of human behavior**. Three sections of human psyche: - Place of deepest secrets desires of humans - Ego informs how human to act in socially acceptable manner. - Supper ego which represents peoples unselfish tendencies. **Feminism -** Feminist Criticism is concerned with the role, position, and influence of women in a literary text. - Examines the way that the female consciousness is depicted by both male and female writers. **FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FEMINIST CRITICISM:** - Western civilization is patriarchal - The concepts of gender are mainly cultural ideas created by patriarchal societies. - Patriarchal ideals pervade "literature". - Most "literature" through time has been gender biased. **LGBTA/Queer Criticism --** queer criticism examines hoe certain works *display fear of the unknown, especially homophobia, of the fear of the LGBTQ community which leads to repression.* **Sexuality Context --** queer is used with the behavior that is NOT in line with the social and political norms of the society and government **Examine --** fear of the unknown, especially homophobia, fear pf the LGBTQ community. **Marxism -** Marxist Criticism emphasizes **economic and social condition.** It examines **literature to see how it reflects the way in which the majority groups abuse the minority.** **Literary criticism is the art or practice of judging and commenting on the qualities and character of literary works.** MODULE \# 6 ----------- **TOPIC: Concept Paper** **WHAT IS CONCEPT PAPER?** - It is an in-depth analysis of any idea, situation, or practice. - It examines the 'what-ness' or nature of something - It can be FEELING, CULTURAL - It adds information as well as definition. When writing a concept paper, it must provide an extensive explanation and analysis of a concept and anchor to an established theory. **PURPOSE** - Provide in-depth discussion of a topic Can be used in obtaining funding for a project - Act ass ab instructional tool from an existing project - Provide guidance for implementing programs. - Discuss the best practices, philosophies and other related issues. MODULE \# 8 ----------- **TOPIC: Comprehending the Various Kinds of Concept Paper** **EXTENDED DEFINITION --** it is written to inform, if the topic or concept is unknown to the audience. - Explains the nature of things by providing an extended definition. - Informs the audience of an unknown/unexplored concept. - Introduces new information that gives new perspective to a concept. **PROJECT PROPOSAL --** it is a summary of your proposed project and writing it entails not only information but also persuasion to convince the reader. - Presents an idea for consideration by others, possibly for funding or support - Involves persuasive intent - Convinces reader to implement or support a concept To summarize them both they explain, clarifies, or theorizes a particular concept MODULE \# 9 ----------- **RHETORICAL STRATEGIES --** are used to expound the topics in research by expanding its scope and supporting details. **What are Rhetorical Strategies?** **COMPARISON AND CONTRAST --** advisable when the term is not too familiar or popular with the audience. **GIVING DETAILS --** describe something by giving its dimensions (PHYSICAL) and characteristics (NON-PHYSICAL). **GIVING HISTORICAL BACKGROUND --** useful when a concept's definition has gone through changes in time socio-cultural changes that every community goes through. **ANALYSIS --** done by discussing the idea's components and/or its implications (consequences). **Styles of Definition** 1. **Formal Definition --** is often what is required in the academe. It uses research-based information 2. **Informal Definition --** may be just based on a person's personal views. MODULE \# 10 ------------ **TOPIC: Parts of an Extended Definition Paper** **INTRODUCTION --** hook, Standard Definition & Bridge **BODY --** points you want to highlight with proper support/details **CONCLUSIONS --** a restatement of the points highlighted