AP World History Modern Past Paper PDF 2023

2023 AP World History: ® Modern Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Set 2 Inside: Long Essay Question 3 R Scoring Guidelines R Student Samples R Scoring Commentary © 2023 College Board. College Board, Advanced...

2023 AP World History: ® Modern Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Set 2 Inside: Long Essay Question 3 R Scoring Guidelines R Student Samples R Scoring Commentary © 2023 College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org. AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Guidelines Question 3: Long Essay Question, Enlightenment Ideas and Revolutions 6 points General Scoring Notes Except where otherwise noted, each point of these rubrics is earned independently; for example, a student could earn a point for evidence without earning a point for thesis/claim. Accuracy: The components of these rubrics require that students demonstrate historically defensible content knowledge. Given the timed nature of the exam, essays may contain errors that do not detract from their overall quality, as long as the historical content used to advance the argument is accurate. Clarity: Exam essays should be considered first drafts and thus may contain grammatical errors. Those errors will not be counted against a student unless they obscure the successful demonstration of the content knowledge, skills, and practices described below. In the period circa 1750 to 1900, revolutions and independence movements such as the American Revolution, the French Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and Latin American independence movements occurred around the world. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which Enlightenment ideas were the primary cause of one of the revolutions or independence movements (other than the American Revolution) from the period circa 1750 to 1900. © 2023 College Board AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Scoring Criteria Category Row A 0 points 1 point Thesis/Claim Does not meet the criteria for one point. Responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning. (0-1 points) Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that do not earn this point: Responses that earn this point: Are not historically defensible. Provide a historically defensible thesis or claim about the extent to which Enlightenment Only restate or rephrase the prompt. ideas were the primary cause of one of the revolutions or independence movements (other than the American Revolution) from the period circa 1750 to 1900. The thesis must Do not respond to the prompt. suggest at least one main line of argument development or establish the analytic Do not establish a line of reasoning. categories of the argument. Are overgeneralized. Examples that do not earn this point: Examples that earn this point: Do not focus on the topic of the prompt Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt “Rivalries between European powers frequently led to conflict “The Latin American independence movements were mostly motivated by economic in the Americas.” concerns, not the Enlightenment.” Provide a historically defensible claim, but do not establish a line Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt with analytic of reasoning categories “In the 18th and 19th centuries, a variety of political, economic, “Enlightenment ideas about natural rights and popular sovereignty inspired both the and cultural developments led to independence movements.” Latin American independence movements and the French Revolution.” Provide a claim that is not historically defensible Establish a line of reasoning “Although Enlightenment ideas were one factor that led to “The Haitian Revolution was inspired by the Enlightenment.” (Minimally acceptable independence movements, industrialization was the primary thesis/claim) factor that led to independence movements in the period circa 1750 to 1900.” Additional Notes: The thesis or claim must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion (which may not be limited to the first or last paragraphs). The thesis or claim must identify a relevant development(s) in the period, although it is not required to encompass the entire period. © 2023 College Board AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Scoring Criteria Category Row B 0 points 1 point Contextualization Does not meet the criteria for one point. Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt. (0-1 points) Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that do not earn this point: Responses that earn this point: Provide an overgeneralized statement about the time period Accurately describe a context relevant to the Enlightenment ideas or the French, referenced in the prompt. Haitian, or Latin American revolutions, or independence movements. Provide context that is not relevant to the prompt. Provide a passing phase or reference. Examples that do not earn this point: Examples of relevant context that earn this point include the following, if “The Atlantic slave trade facilitated cultural change in the appropriate elaboration is provided: Americas.” Specific information about Enlightenment thought “Joint-stock companies, such as the British and Dutch East The American Revolution India companies, helped create a truly global trade network.” The plantation system The Atlantic slave trade Pre-conditions of the Enlightenment, such as the Scientific Revolution or the Protestant Reformation European colonization of the Americas Syncretic religious movements Casta system Competition between European “Great Powers” The Napoleonic Wars Nationalism National unification movements Joint-stock companies Example of acceptable contextualization: "During this time period there was the Trans-Atlantic slave trade that brought people to the Americas from Africa. Due to this forced labor, many people wanted freedom and started a successful revolution." “The Napoleonic Wars spread French revolutionary ideas and contributed to the rise of nationalist movements across Europe and beyond.” “Enlightenment thinkers opposed absolute monarchy, and Enlightenment ideas spread widely.” (Minimally accepted contextualization) Additional Notes: The response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader historical events, developments, or processes that occur before, during, or continue after the time frame of the question. To earn this point, the context provided must be more than a phrase or reference. © 2023 College Board AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Scoring Criteria Category Row C 0 points 1 point 2 points Evidence Does not meet the criteria for one Provides specific examples of evidence relevant to the topic of the prompt. Supports an argument in response to the prompt point. using specific and relevant examples of evidence. (0-2 points) Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that do not earn points: Responses that earn 1 point: Responses that earn 2 points: Identify a single piece of Identify at least two specific historical examples relevant to Enlightenment Use at least two specific historical examples to support evidence. ideas, French, Haitian, or Latin American revolutions, or independence an argument regarding Enlightenment ideas and the Provide evidence that is not movements. revolutions or independence movements (other than relevant to the topic of prompt. the American Revolution) from the period circa 1750 to 1900. Provide evidence that is outside Examples of evidence that are specific and relevant include the following (two the time period or region Examples that successfully support an argument with examples required): specified in the prompt. evidence: Specific famous texts inspired by Enlightenment ideas, such as the Repeat information that is “Although Haitian leaders were inspired by Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen or the Letter from Jamaica specified in the prompt. Enlightenment thinkers such as Montesquieu and Abolition of slavery Jefferson, slavery was the primary cause, and its Examples that do not earn points: Enlightened ideas, such as inalienable rights, social contract theory abolition the primary goal, of the Haitian “Before the Napoleonic Wars, the Enlightened thinkers, such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau Revolution.” (Uses multiple, specific pieces of British and French had fought Specific details about the Haitian Revolution, such as Toussaint L’Ouverture, evidence to support the argument that conflicts in the Americas and in mistreatment of enslaved persons, or syncretic religious traditions Enlightenment ideas were not the primary cause of India in the mid-18th century.” Specific details about Latin American revolutions, such as conflict between the Haitian Revolution) Creoles and Peninsulares “The statements made in the Declaration of the Rights of Man show that Enlightenment ideas were Specific details about the French Revolution, such as the Tennis Court Oath the primary cause of the outbreak of the French Specific imperial conflicts, such as between France and Great Britain Revolution. In addition, revolutionary institutions Simón Bolívar such as the National Assembly reflected the Industrialization connected to labor/social reform influence of Enlightenment ideas.” (Uses multiple, Anti-monarchism specific pieces of evidence to support the argument Anti-mercantilism that Enlightenment ideas were the primary cause of the French Revolution) Revolutions of 1848 Balkan independence movements Philippine independence movement Note: Just mentioning the French, Haitian, American or Latin American Revolutions would not earn this point. Example of a statement that earns 1 point for evidence: “The Letter from Jamaica and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen supported natural rights.” Additional Notes: Typically, statements credited as evidence will be more specific than statements credited as contextualization. If a response has a multipart argument, then it can meet the threshold of two pieces of evidence by giving one example for one part of the argument and another example for a different part of the argument, but the total number of examples must still be at least two. (For example, discussion of Creole support for Bolívar; discussion of clerical opposition to the French Revolution.) © 2023 College Board AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Scoring Criteria Category Row D 0 points 1 point 2 points Analysis and Does not meet the criteria Uses historical reasoning (e.g., comparison, causation, Demonstrates a complex understanding of the historical development Reasoning for one point. continuity, and change) to frame or structure an that is the focus of the prompt, using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or argument that addresses the prompt. modify an argument that addresses the question. (0-2 points) Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that do not Responses that earn 1 point: Responses that earn 2 points: earn points: Must demonstrate the use of historical reasoning to May demonstrate a complex understanding in a variety of ways, such as: May include evidence explain how Enlightenment ideas inspired revolutions Explaining the nuance of an issue by analyzing multiple variables. but offer no reasoning or independence movements (other than the American Explaining both similarity and difference, or explaining both continuity to connect the Revolution) from the period circa 1750 to 1900. and change, or explaining multiple causes, or explaining both causes evidence to an and effects. argument. Explaining relevant and insightful connections within and across May assert the use of periods. historical reasoning but Confirming the validity of an argument by corroborating multiple does not use it to perspectives across themes. frame or structure an Qualifying or modifying an argument by considering diverse or argument. alternative views or evidence. Examples that do not earn Using a historical thinking skill to frame or structure an Demonstrating complex understanding might include any of the points: argument could include: following, if appropriate elaboration is provided: Explaining how Enlightenment ideas influenced Explaining the nuance of an issue by demonstrating that Provide evidence but offer Latin American revolutionaries Enlightenment ideas may have been the primary factors that led to no reasoning to connect Explaining how nationalist movements in Asia were most revolutions and independence movements in the period 1750– the evidence to an affected by Enlightenment ideas 1900, but political, economic, and cultural factors often were more argument: Explaining how Enlightenment ideas combined with important in many cases. (Explains nuance and qualifies an argument) “Many nationalist political and economic grievances to trigger Explaining relevant and insightful connections across time and space, movements emerged in revolutions or independence movements such as demonstrating how precursors to Enlightenment ideas of Asia.” Example of acceptable use of historical reasoning: personal liberty and limited governmental power could be found in “Many Creoles in Latin America were inspired by medieval and Renaissance Europe, among other places. (Explains Enlightenment ideas to support Simón Bolívar relevant and insightful connections) against Spain, but they also saw independence as Qualifying an argument by demonstrating that although an opportunity to protect and improve their Enlightenment ideas were often the cause of revolutions or economic interests and situation.” (Establishes a independence movements, other factors, such as ethnic separatism, development that contributed to independence quickly became the primary motivating factors. (Qualifies an movements in Latin America.) argument) Corroborating an argument by demonstrating that Enlightenment ideas were the primary cause of different types of revolutionary movements, such as Bolívar’s revolt against Spain and Polish and Greek revolts against imperial powers. (Corroborates an argument by considering diverse views or evidence.) Additional Notes: This demonstration of complex understanding must be part of the argument, not merely a phrase or reference. © 2023 College Board Page 1 of 3 3A Page 2 of 3 3A Page 3 of 3 3A Page 1 of 2 3B Page 2 of 2 3B Page 1 of 1 3C AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Commentary Long Essay Question 3 Note: Student samples are quoted verbatim and may contain spelling and grammatical errors. Overview Responses had to develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which Enlightenment ideas were the primary cause of one of the revolutions or independence movements (French, Haitian, Latin American independence movements other than the American Revolution) from the period circa 1750 to 1900. The question primarily addressed content from Unit 5 of the course framework. The question was mainly focused on the reasoning process of causation, requiring students to evaluate the effects of Enlightenment ideas that were the main cause of revolutions or independence movements during the period circa 1750–1900. Students were expected to present a historically defensible thesis, describe a historical context relevant to the prompt, use at least two specific examples of evidence relevant to the topic of the prompt, use that evidence to support an argument in response to the prompt, use historical reasoning skills to frame or structure their argument, and demonstrate a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt. The prompt excluded the American Revolution from the scope of acceptable revolutions or independence movements. Most responses addressed one or more of the remaining three revolutions enumerated in the introductory sentence of the question—the French Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and/or the Latin American independence movements. The question tested content primarily from Topics 5.1. and 5.2. of the course framework, while also providing students with opportunities to bring up content knowledge from Topics 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7 to earn the contextualization point. Sample: 3A Thesis/Claim: 1 Contextualization: 1 Evidence: 2 Analysis and Reasoning: 2 Total Score: 6 A. Thesis/Claim (0–1 points): 1 The response earned 1 point for thesis/claim in the last sentence in the first paragraph with an acceptable claim and line of reasoning with “Thus Enlightenment ideas were the primary cause of the French Revolution because the citizens … argued for basic human liberties.” © 2023 College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Commentary Long Essay Question 3 (continued) B. Contextualization (0–1 points): 1 The response earned 1 point for contextualization in the first part of the introduction paragraph. The response establishes a broader historical context by describing how the Scientific Revolution and new philosophies inspired a call for change leading to the French Revolution. C. Evidence (0–2 points): 2 The response earned 2 points for evidence by supporting the argument in the second paragraph explaining how Enlightenment led to a change in government in France to establish more representation. The argument is supported with multiple pieces of specific evidence (3rd Estate, John Locke’s enlightened ideas, Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly, and revolt of the 3rd Estate). The response includes an additional argument in the third paragraph regarding the desire for “human liberties” in the French Revolution. The argument is supported throughout the paragraph with evidence of Voltaire’s Candide, Huguenots, John Locke’s ideas of natural rights, King Louis XVI’s lavish lifestyle in the context of hunger and starvation among commoners, and Bastille Day. D. Analysis and Reasoning (0–2 points): 2 The response earned 1 point for historical reasoning. Throughout the essay, the response explains how Enlightenment is a primary cause of the French Revolution due to the need for more human liberties and representation. The response earned 1 point for complexity. This is found in the last paragraph, where the response evaluates the extent to which the inspiration for the French Revolution was carried through into the post-Revolution government. The response examines several factors, analyzing each through the lens of the “Enlightened ideas” that served as the Revolution’s inspiration. The response concludes that, “even though the Enlightenment was a primary cause of the Revolution, the end result didn’t make France enlightened as they were ruled by an unenlightened dictator.” Sample: 3B Thesis/Claim: 0 Contextualization: 1 Evidence: 2 Analysis and Reasoning: 1 Total Score: 4 A. Thesis/Claim (0–1 points): 0 The response did not earn the point for thesis/claim. There is a description of Enlightenment in the first paragraph, but the response does not make a historically defensible claim relating to the prompt. There is another attempt in the last paragraph, but it does not establish a line of reasoning that is specific to a revolution or independence movement. © 2023 College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Commentary Long Essay Question 3 (continued) B. Contextualization (0–1 points): 1 The response earned 1 point for contextualization in the second paragraph. The response describes the history of Haiti and its population, providing relevant background to the Haitian Revolution. There is an attempt at contextualization in the first paragraph with the description of Social Darwinism and Marxism, but it fails as it is not directly related to the prompt. C. Evidence (0–2 points): 2 The response earned 2 points for evidence. The response supports the argument in the second paragraph that Enlightenment ideas such as “everyone is created equal” led to slave revolts in Haiti (“minority white population,” slaves “gained control,” “got their independence,” and “the first major revolution of African slaves to take over a white European controlled slave system”). D. Analysis and Reasoning (0–2 points): 1 The response earned 1 point for historical reasoning. The response explains how Enlightenment ideas were a cause of the Haitian Revolution. In the second paragraph, the response explains that once “African slaves of Haiti heard about the Enlightenment they got mad because it gave rights to ‘ALL’ men” and continues with further reasoning leading to revolution and independence. The response did not earn the point for complexity because it does not display a complex understanding of the prompt. Sample: 3C Thesis/Claim: 1 Contextualization: 0 Evidence: 1 Analysis and Reasoning: 0 Total Score: 2 A. Thesis/Claim (0–1 points): 1 The response earned 1 point for thesis/claim in the first sentence: “The enlightenment ideas were a great primary cause of the French revolution in period circa 1750–1900.” B. Contextualization (0–1 points): 0 The response did not earn the point for contextualization. There is a failed attempt in the second paragraph: “Before the French revolution, people didn’t have as much freedom as they wanted.” This is an overgeneralized statement about the time period. © 2023 College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. AP® World History: Modern 2023 Scoring Commentary Long Essay Question 3 (continued) C. Evidence (0–2 points): 1 The response earned 1 point for evidence. The response includes a description of how Locke and Hobbes viewed human nature and created the Enlightenment. The response does not earn a second point for evidence because the response does not use these pieces of evidence to support an argument that responds to the prompt. D. Analysis and Reasoning (0–2 points): 0 The response did not earn the point for historical reasoning because it does not fully and effectively explain the extent to which Enlightenment ideas were a primary cause of a revolution or independence movement during the period from 1750–1900. The response did not earn the point for complexity. There is no attempt to demonstrate a complex understanding of the extent to which Enlightenment ideas were a primary cause of a revolution or independence movement during the period from 1750–1900. © 2023 College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org.