AP Euro Unit 6 Notes PDF

UNIT 6: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ITS EFFECTS TOPIC 6.1: Unit Context Learning Objective Unit Themes Themes Explained Explain the context Origins of the Industrial...

UNIT 6: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ITS EFFECTS TOPIC 6.1: Unit Context Learning Objective Unit Themes Themes Explained Explain the context Origins of the Industrial Why Great Britain? in which Revolution -Agricultural Revolution – industrialization -Growth of Commercial Empire – originated, -Impact of “Capitalism” – developed, and -Stable Government – spread in Europe. Spread of the Industrial Revolution after 1815 Industrialization’s impact New Social Classes – on daily life Urbanization – Creation of New Ideological Responses = “Isms”: Ideologies ​ Conservatism – ​ Liberalism – ​ Nationalism – ​ Romanticism – ​ Socialism – Governmental Responses: Collective Responses:  TOPIC 6.2: The Spread of Industry Throughout Europe Thematic Focus: Economic and Commercial Developments (ECD) Economic development, especially the development of capitalism, played an important role in Europe’s history, often having significant social, political, and cultural effects. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain the factors 7 Reasons why the 1. that Industrial Revolution influenced the began in Great Britain 2. development of industrialization 3. in Europe from 1815 to 1914. 4. 5. 6. 7. Great Exhibition of 1851 – France and the Industrial Impact of French Revolution on Industrial Revolution in France – Revolution Industrial Revolution in Zollverein – the German states Friedrich List’s National System –  Reasons that Eastern & Reasons Southern & Eastern Europe “lagged” behind Industrially: Southern Europe lagged -Lack of natural resources – behind during Industrial -Poor infrastructure – Revolution -Dominance of traditional “landed elites” – -Persistence of Serfdom – -Inadequate state support – Impacts of Southern & Eastern Europe “lagging” behind Industrially: -Primitive agricultural practices – -Irish Potato Famine – TOPIC 6.3: Second Wave Industrialization and Its Effects Thematic Focus: Technological and Scientific Innovation (TSI) Scientific and technological innovations have increased efficiency, improved daily life, and shaped human development and interactions, having both intended and unintended consequences. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain how Mechanization & the Mechanization of Labor & the Factory System – innovations Factory System and advances in Examples: technology -Manchester, England – during the -The Krupp family (Essen, Germany) – Industrial New Technologies New Technologies: Revolutions led to -Bessemer Process – economic -Mass Production – and social change. New “Communication” Technologies: -Telegraph – -Telephone – -Radio – New “Transportation” Technologies: -Steamships – -Internal Combustion Engine – -Railroads – Impact of New & Efficient Impact of New & Efficient Transportations: Technologies -New Industries – -Improved distribution of goods – -Increased Consumerism – -Enhanced quality of life –  Thematic Focus: Economic and Commercial Developments (ECD) Economic development, especially the development of capitalism, played an important role in Europe’s history, often having significant social, political, and cultural effects. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain how Impact of the Industrial Causes of volatile business cycles: industrialization Revolution on Business influenced economic and political development Methods used by corporations and governments to manage volatile business cycles: throughout the -Monopolies – period from -Banking practices – 1815 to 1914. -Tariffs – Impact of the Industrial Context – The Agricultural Revolution Revolution on European Demographics Demographic Impacts (DTM??) -Population growth – -Life expectancy – -Infant mortality – How the Industrial Consumerism (EXPLAINED!) – Revolution created a “consumerist” culture “New Consumer Goods”: -Clothing (textiles) – -Processed foods – -Labor-saving devices – Impact of “mass marketing”: -Advertising – -Department Stores – -Catalogs – Leisure opportunities:  TOPIC 6.4: Social Effects of Industrialization Thematic Focus: Social Organization and Development (SCD) Economic, political, and cultural factors have influenced the form and status of family, class, and social groups in European history, which has, in turn, affected both the individual and society. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain the causes Impact of Industrial Urban (Urbanization): and Revolution on Urban & -Overcrowding – consequences of Rural Areas -Infrastructure – social -Sanitation & Public Health – developments resulting Rural Areas: from -Labor shortages – industrialization. -Economic challenges – -Weakened communities – Industrial impact on Social Hierarchy of “Traditional” (Non-Industrialized) areas of Europe: social classes & class -Upper – identity -Middle – -Lower – Social Hierarchy of Industrialized areas of Europe: -Upper – -Middle – -Lower – Development of Labor Unions: -Causes – Social Reforms for the Working Class: -Factory Act of 1833 – -Mines Act of 1842 – -Ten Hours Act of 1847 – -Public Health Act of 1875 – How family life was Impacts on “Family Life”: impacted by the 1. Gender Roles Industrial Revolution -Men – -Women (Cult of Domesticity) – -Companionate Marriage – 2. “Leisure Time” Activities -Parks/Museums/Sports/Theaters/Opera houses  TOPIC 6.5: The Concert of Europe and European Conservatism Thematic Focus: States and Other Institutions of Power (SOP) European states and nations developed governmental and civil institutions from 1450 to the present to organize society and consolidate political power, with a variety of social, cultural, and economic effects. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain how the European “Conservatism” Conservatism – European ideology political order was Influential conservative influences: maintained -Edmund Burke – and challenged -Joseph Maistre – from -Klemens von Metternich – 1815 to 1914. Concert of Europe: Objectives: Explained 1. 2. 3. Results: 1. 2. 3. Metternich suppressing Carlsbad Decrees – nationalist & liberal revolutions  TOPIC 6.6: Reactions and Revolutions Thematic Focus: States and Other Institutions of Power (SOP) European states and nations developed governmental and civil institutions from 1450 to the present to organize society and consolidate political power, with a variety of social, cultural, and economic effects. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain how and During first half of 19th ​Liberal/Nationalist Revolutions before 1848: why various century, revolutionaries ​-War of Greek Independence – groups reacted attempted to destroy the ​-Decembrist revolt in Russia – against “status quo” ​-Polish rebellion – the existing order ​-July Revolution in France – from 1815 to 1914. Revolutions of 1848 Long-term causes – Short-term causes – France: -February Revolution – German States: -Frankfurt Assembly – ***Results of the Revolutions of 1848 – Reform in Autocratic Reformers in Russia: Russia -Alexander II – -Sergei Witte –  TOPIC 6.7: Ideologies of Change and Reform Movements Thematic Focus: Cultural and Intellectual Developments (CID) European states and nations developed governmental and civil institutions from 1450 to the present to organize society and consolidate political power, with a variety of social, cultural, and economic effects. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain how and Characteristics of Ideas emphasized by Liberals: why European “Liberalism” -Popular Sovereignty – different -Individual Rights – intellectual -Enlightened self-interest – developments challenged British Liberals: the political and -Jeremy Bentham – social order -John Stuart Mill – from 1815 to 1914. -British “Great Reform Act” of 1832 – Suffrage Movements Debates over Suffrage: -Universal Male Suffrage – -Restrictes Suffrage – Advocates for Suffrage: -Chartists – -Flora Tristan – Utopian Socialism Socialism – 1. 2. Socialists: -Henri de Saint-Simon – -Robert Owen – Karl Marx & “Scientific Karl Marx & Friedrich Engel’s “critique of Capitalism”: Socialism” 1. 2. 3. Marx’s “Deterministic” Analysis of Society & Historical Evolution: 1. 2. 3. Marxists: -Clara Zetkin –  -Rosa Luxemburg – Anarchists Anarchism: Core Beliefs 1. 2. Anarchists: -Mikhail Bakunin – -Georges Sorel – TOPIC 6.8: 19th-Century Social Reform Thematic Focus: Social Organization and Development (SCD) Economic, political, and cultural factors have influenced the form and status of family, class, and social groups in European history, which has, in turn, affected both the individual and society. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain the various Mass-based political “Mass-based political parties” – movements and parties calls Great Britain: for social reform -Conservative Party – that -Liberal Party – resulted from intellectual Germany: developments from -Social Democratic Party – 1815 to 1914. Workers Movements British Labour Party – Reform Acts: -1832 – -1867 – -1884 – Feminist Movement British Women’s Social and Political Union: -Emmeline Pankhurst – Nongovernmental reform Various “nongovernmental” reform movements: movements -The Sunday School movement – -Temperance Movement – -British abolitionist movement –  TOPIC 6.9: Institutional Responses and Reform Thematic Focus: States and Other Institutions of Power (SOP) European states and nations developed governmental and civil institutions from 1450 to the present to organize society and consolidate political power, with a variety of social, cultural, and economic effects. Learning Objective Historical Developments Developments Explained Explain how and Improving the Public Liberalism shift from “laissez-faire” to “interventionist” in response to conditions caused by Industrialization: why Sector -Laissez-Faire = governments and -Interventionist = other institutions Reforms: 1.​ Public Health responded ​ Modernize to challenges infrastructure -Edwin Chadwick resulting -Sewage & water systems ​ Regulate public from health industrialization. 2. Urban Planning ​ Reforming prisons Georges Haussmann – ​ Establishing modern police forces -Public lighting – -Public housing – -Urban redesign – -Parks – -public transportation – 3. Professional Police Forces Compulsory public Education Reform: education to advance -Compulsory public education – goals of public order, -Education Act of 1870 – nationalism, & economic growth