A&P BLOOD PDF
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This document contains a series of questions and answers on blood physiology. It covers topics such as the type of tissue blood is classified as, its components, functions, and the roles of different proteins and cells within blood. It also explores how blood regulates fluid balance and clots.
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🔴 Test Part 1: Blood Physiology 1. What type of tissue is blood classified as? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous Answer: b Explanation: Blood is classified as connective tissue because it consists of cells suspended in a liquid mat...
🔴 Test Part 1: Blood Physiology 1. What type of tissue is blood classified as? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous Answer: b Explanation: Blood is classified as connective tissue because it consists of cells suspended in a liquid matrix (plasma). 2. How much blood does the human body contain on average? a) 2-3 liters b) 4-5 liters c) 6-7 liters d) 8-9 liters Answer: b Explanation: The human body contains approximately 4-5 liters of blood, depending on body size and gender. 3. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? a) Transporting oxygen and nutrients b) Regulating body temperature c) Producing hormones d) Protecting against infection Answer: c Explanation: Blood transports hormones but does not produce them. Hormones are produced by endocrine glands. 4. What is the normal pH range of blood? a) 6.8 - 7.0 b) 7.35 - 7.45 c) 7.5 - 8.0 d) 8.0 - 8.5 Answer: b Explanation: Blood maintains a pH range of 7.35 - 7.45 to keep the body's homeostasis. 5. What protein in red blood cells binds to oxygen? a) Albumin b) Myoglobin c) Hemoglobin d) Fibrinogen Answer: c Explanation: Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in RBCs that binds to oxygen (O₂) for transport. 6. How does blood regulate fluid balance in the body? a) By controlling water intake b) By maintaining osmotic pressure through plasma proteins c) By producing hormones for kidney function d) By increasing blood viscosity Answer: b Explanation: Plasma proteins (mainly albumin) maintain osmotic pressure, which helps regulate fluid movement. 7. What is the role of hemoglobin in carbon dioxide transport? a) Binds CO₂ directly b) Converts CO₂ into bicarbonate ions c) Prevents CO₂ from binding to red blood cells d) Stores CO₂ for later use Answer: b Explanation: Hemoglobin helps convert CO₂ into bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) for transport in the blood. 🟡 Test Part 2: Blood Constituents 8. What percentage of blood is plasma? a) 25% b) 45% c) 55% d) 75% Answer: c Explanation: Plasma makes up about 55% of total blood volume, with the remaining 45% consisting of formed elements. 9. What are the three formed elements of blood? a) Plasma, RBCs, WBCs b) RBCs, WBCs, Platelets c) Hemoglobin, Myoglobin, Fibrin d) Oxygen, CO₂, Glucose Answer: b Explanation: The three formed elements are red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. 10.Where are blood cells produced? a) Liver b) Lungs c) Bone marrow d) Heart Answer: c Explanation: Red bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells through hematopoiesis. 11.What percentage of formed elements are RBCs? a) 80% b) 50% c) 99.1% d) 9% Answer: c Explanation: 99.1% of formed elements are RBCs, while WBCs and platelets make up the remaining 0.9%. 12.What is the lifespan of a red blood cell? a) 30 days b) 60 days c) 120 days d) 150 days Answer: c Explanation: RBCs live for about 120 days before being broken down by the spleen and liver. 🟠 Test Part 3: Leukocytes & Platelets 13.What is the most abundant WBC? a) Neutrophils b) Eosinophils c) Basophils d) Monocytes Answer: a Explanation: Neutrophils are the most abundant WBC (50-80%) and are the first responders to infections. 14.Which WBC is responsible for allergic responses? a) Neutrophils b) Basophils c) Monocytes d) Lymphocytes Answer: b Explanation: Basophils release histamine, which triggers allergic reactions and inflammation. 15.What is the function of platelets? a) Transport CO₂ b) Help blood clot c) Attack pathogens d) Carry oxygen Answer: b Explanation: Platelets (thrombocytes) are responsible for blood clot formation to prevent excessive bleeding. 🔴 Test Part 4: Hemostasis & Blood Tests 16.What is the first step in blood clot formation? a) Coagulation cascade b) Vasoconstriction c) Platelet plug formation d) Fibrin production Answer: b Explanation: The first step in hemostasis is vasoconstriction, where blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow. 17.What does INR measure? a) Blood sugar levels b) Blood clotting time c) Red blood cell count d) Oxygen saturation Answer: b Explanation: International Normalized Ratio (INR) measures blood clotting time and is used for monitoring patients on blood thinners. 18.What vitamin is essential for blood clotting? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B12 c) Vitamin K d) Vitamin D Answer: c Explanation: Vitamin K is necessary for the production of clotting factors in the liver. 19.What enzyme is responsible for breaking down fibrin clots? a) Prothrombin b) Plasmin c) Thrombin d) Factor X Answer: b Explanation: Plasmin breaks down fibrin clots in a process called fibrinolysis. 20.What does a high hematocrit indicate? a) Anemia b) Dehydration c) Low oxygen levels d) Low platelet count Answer: b Explanation: A high hematocrit often indicates dehydration, as there is less plasma relative to RBCs.
