Medical Terminology - Past Questions PDF

# Medical Terminology ## Medical Prefixes & Suffixes - **Myel/o** = Spinal cord - **My/o** = Muscle - **oste/o** = Bone - **Neur/o** = Nerve - **Arthr/o** = Joint - **Cyan/o** means blue - **erythr/o** means red - **leuk/o** means white - **melan/o** means black - **poli/o** means gray ## Practic...

# Medical Terminology ## Medical Prefixes & Suffixes - **Myel/o** = Spinal cord - **My/o** = Muscle - **oste/o** = Bone - **Neur/o** = Nerve - **Arthr/o** = Joint - **Cyan/o** means blue - **erythr/o** means red - **leuk/o** means white - **melan/o** means black - **poli/o** means gray ## Practice: **necrosis** means: - Tissue death ## Medical Terminology - **Cardi** = Heart - **Gastr** = Stomach - **Tonsillectomy** is the surgical removal of the tonsils. - **-ology** = The study of - **-necrosis** means tissue death - **arteri/o** = Artery - **-sclerosis** means abnormal hardening - **-malacia** = Abnormal softening - **-stenosis** means abnormal narrowing ## Practice: **-graphy** means: - The process of producing a picture or record ## Medical Terminology - **-rrhea** means flow or discharge - **-rrhexis** means rupture/ break/ burst ## Write the Meaning of the Following Suffixes: 1. **angi/o** = Blood vessel 2. **-centesis** is a surgical puncture/ pierce to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid. 3. **-rrhage** means bleeding 4. **hem/o** = Blood 5. **-rrhaphy** means surgical suturing 6. **-rrhea** means flow or discharge 7. **-rrhexis** means rupture/ break/ burst ## ANSWER/ Match These Prefixes and Suffixes to Their Meanings: | Prefix/ or suffix | Meaning | |---|---| | A-/An- | Lack of - Absence | | Ab- | Away from | | Ad- | Toward - Near | | Dys- | Bad, difficult, or painful | | Hyper- | Excessive, increased | | dextr/o | Right side | ## Practice: **Perinatal** refers to: - The time and events surrounding birth ## Check Your Understanding: | Definition | Possible Answers | |---|---| | Bad, difficult, painful | Dys- | | Excessive, increased | Hyper- | | Enlargement | -megaly | | Pain, suffering | -algia | | Surgical removal | -ectomy | | Abnormal condition or disease | -osis | | Abnormal softening | -malacia | | Deficient, decreased | Hypo- | | Inflammation | -itis | | Tissue death | -necrosis | | Bleeding, bursting forth | -rrhage | | Surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body service | -ostomy | | Surgical incision | -otomy | | Surgical repair | -plasty | | Surgical suturing | -rrhaphy | | Visual examination | -scopy | | Rupture | -rrhexis | | Abnormal narrowing | -stenosis | | Abnormal hardening | -sclerosis | | Flow or discharge | -rrhea | ## Quiz 1 1. If I haven't been brushing my teeth often enough. I may end up with bleeding from my gums, a condition called: - gingivitis 2. A patient has had a diagnosis of colon cancer and will need surgical removal of the colon. She will end up with a permanent hole in her abdomen for drainage into a bag. The permanent opening is called a: - colostomy 3. You have chronic pains in your abdomen, and your family physician refers you to a specialist in diseases of the digestive tract called a: - gastroenterologist 4. You have just been diagnosed as having an enlarged liver. The doctor describes it as: - hepatomegaly 5. You have taken your friend to the emergency room with severe lower back pain and blood in his urine. After examination and lab tests, the physician reports that your friend has an inflammation of his kidneys and makes a diagnosis of: - nephritis 6. Your friend, who is a long distance runner, is told by his physician that he has an enlarged heart, but that this can be a normal finding in well-conditioned athletes. The doctor writes on his chart that your friend has: - cardiomegaly 7. A patient with epilepsy has had a procedure performed that records brain electrical activity. This procedure is called: - electroencephalography 8. A female patient has a special X-ray procedure of the breasts performed. The X-ray image is called a: - mammogram 9. Your mother is having her uterus surgically removed along with her ovaries. Removal of ovaries is called: - oophorectomy 10. A patient has become sterile due to chronic inflammation of her uterine tubes from frequent infection with sexually transmitted diseases. This tubal inflammation is called: - salpingitis ## Answer 1. The medical term describing an inflammation of the stomach **gastroenteritis**. 2. A/an **appendectomy** is the surgical removal of the appendix. 3. An inflammation of the stomach and small intestine is known as **gastroenteritis**. 4. The term meaning pain in a joint or joints is **arthralgia**. 5. A **dermatologist** is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the skin. ## Answer 1. The term describing the surgical repair of a nerve is **neurorrhaphy**. 2. The term means loss of a large amount of blood in a short time: **hemorrhage**. 3. The term means the tissue death of an artery or arteries **arterionecrosis**. 4. The term means between, but not within, the parts of a tissue **interstitial**. 5. The term means enlargement of the liver **hepatomegaly**. ## Answer 1. **Otorhinolaryngology** is the study of the ears, nose, and throat. 2. **Neonatology** is the study of disorders of the newborn. ## Answer 1. A medical specialist concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease is a/ an **cardiologist**. 2. The term meaning a runny nose is **rhinorrhea**. 3. The term meaning the inflammation of a joint or joints is **arthritis**. 4. A medical specialist in disorders of the newborn is a/an **neonatologist**. 5. The term meaning a surgical incision into a nerve is a/an **neurotomy**. 6. The term meaning inflammation of the heart is **carditis**. 7. The term meaning pain in the nose is **rhinalgia**. 8. The term meaning pain in a nerve or nerves is **neuralgia**. 9. The term meaning a surgical incision into the heart is a/an **cardiotomy**. 10. The term meaning an inflammation of the nose is **rhinitis**. ## Answer 1. Pericarditis is a term describing inflammation of **the tough sac surrounding the heart**. 2. A physician who specializes in diagnosis of diseases of the heart is called a **cardiologist**. ## Answer 1. A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is termed **electrocardiogram**. 2. Bradycardia is a term describing an **abnormally slow heart rate**. ## Answer 1. Which of the following cells gives the red color to the blood? - erythrocytes 2. Inflammation of veins is termed **phlebitis**. ## Answer 1. Permanent damage to heart muscle due to a blocked artery is termed: - myocardial infarct 2. The medical technician who draws blood from a vein for laboratory tests is called a **phlebotomist**. ## Answer 1. A physician determines that the heart murmur (abnormal heart sound) in a patient is caused by narrowing of a heart valve passageway. The term for this condition is **stenosis**. 2. CHALLENGE QUESTION: Read through this final question carefully; you will have to recall three different word parts and then identify a term you have never been presented. A **hemangioma** means: - a tumor of blood vessels ## Quiz Three 1. Meningitis refers to: - inflammation of the membranes around the brain 2. Neuropathy is a term describing: - a noninflammatory disease of nerves 3. A meningomyelocele describes: - herniation/ protrusion of both protective membranes and spinal cord 4. Aphasia is a term defining difficulty or loss of ability to: - speak 5. Which of the following procedures involves injecting a radioactive element into a patients vein that may mark the presence of a tumor? - a brain scan 6. A baby is born without a brain. The diagnosis would be **anencephalic**. 7. A patient may have a brain tumor, and the physician decides to use a procedure that will give the highest resolution of imaging soft tissues. He gives orders for: - magnetic resonance imaging 8. A tumor of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord is called a/an **meningioma**. 9. A patient suddenly has difficulty speaking and her right arm feels stiff and weak. After four hours, she has complete return of normal speech and movement. This patient most likely suffered a/an **transient ischemic attack**. 10. CHALLENGE QUESTION! Abnormal or lack of development of part of the spinal cord is termed **myelodysplasia**. ## Quiz 1. An emetic drug would have which of the following actions? - induce vomiting 2. Introduction of a fiberoptic instrument through the abdominal wall for diagnostic purposes is called **laparoscopy**. 3. Surgical removal of an inflamed gallbladder containing stones is termed **cholecystectomy**. 4. Cirrhosis is a condition involving **degeneration of the liver**. 5. The guaiac test is used to determine presence of **blood in the stool**. 6. You read in a medical report that a patient had a proctoscopic examination. You conclude that the physician will be looking for, among other possibilities, a tumor in the **rectum**. 7. Dysphagia is a term describing difficult, painful or abnormal **swallowing**. 8. A patient from a car accident has a swollen belly, and the surgeon suspects bleeding into the abdomen. He/she will puncture the belly and drain any fluid looking for blood. This procedure is termed **abdominocentesis**. 9. If I have GERD, I have **severe 'heartburn'**. 10. CHALLENGE QUESTION! The following question has multiple word parts. Take it apart piece by piece. Cholangioenterostomy describes a procedure that **surgically creates a passageway between the gall bladder duct to the intestine**. ## Quiz 1. Surgical reconstruction or cosmetic alteration of the nose is termed: - rhinoplasty 2. A faster than normal respiratory rate of breathing is termed: - tachypnea 3. Hemoptysis is a term describing: - coughing up blood from the lungs 4. A patient with a foreign body trapped in a lung passageway would be a candidate for which of the following procedures? - bronchoscopy 5. Patients with pneumonia often find it difficult or painful to take deep breaths. The term for this is **dyspnea**. 6. A special procedure to examine the blood vessels of the lungs by X-ray is called **pulmonary angiography**. 7. A tracheostomy is a procedure involving **a permanent opening cut into the trachea**. 8. Epistaxis is the term for: - a nosebleed 9. Frequently after surgery involving general anesthetic, a patient may not void (empty) urine for a period of time, because the kidneys have stopped producing urine. This usually temporary condition is termed **anuria**. 10. Presence of a kidney “stone” is termed **nephrolithiasis**. ## Answer 1. A specialist in diseases of the lower urinary tract, bladder and urethra, is called a **urologist**. 2. Nephrolithotomy is the term for **removing a kidney stone**. ## Answer 1. The term for _scanty_ or less than normal urine formation is **oliguria**. 2. A procedure that allows a physician to look into the bladder and examine its anterior is termed a **cystoscopy**. ## Answer 1. Surgical fixation or return and attachment of a kidney dislodged during an auto accident would be termed **nephropexy**. 2. A lab report comes back to a physician documenting numerous erythrocytes in the urine specimen. The term for this is **hematuria**. ## Answer 1. Arthroplasty describes **surgical reconstruction of a joint**. 2. Tenorrhaphy is the term describing **surgically suturing a torn tendon**. ## Answer 3. If your arthritis has noticeably worsened, and pain and swelling no longer is controlled with high dose aspirin, your family physician would most likely refer you to a **rheumatologist**. 4. Soft, rubbery bones due to inadequate calcium deposition related to vitamin D deficiency would be termed **osteomalacia**. 5. The term for painful, aching muscles is **myalgia**. 6. Myasthenia gravis involves **severe muscular weakness**. 7. When weight-lifters exercise regularly their muscles become stronger, and the increase in muscular size is due to **hypertrophy**. 8. Chondrocytes are cells found in **cartilage**. 9. A bone marrow tumor is termed **myeloma**. 10. A form of dwarfism results from **achondroplasia**, a term meaning **lack of normal cartilage development**. ## Answer 1. A procedure to evaluate concentration of an injected radioactive element in bone to localize a possible tumor is termed **bone scan**. 2. Inflammation of the shock absorber-like structure protecting a tendon sliding over a bone is termed **bursitis**. ## Check Your Understanding - Not being able to sleep at night is called **insomnia**. ## Check your understanding - Some people are **allergic** to dogs. ## Check Your Understanding - A doctor who operates on people is called a **surgeon**. ## Check Your Understanding - My nose has been **running**. ## Check Your Understanding - I **have** a fever. ## Check Your Understanding - I have a **sore** throat. ## Check Your Understanding - I have a stomach **ache**. ## Check Your Understanding - I'm feeling a little under the **weather**. ## Check Your Understanding - Doctor: 'What are your **symptoms**?' ## Check Your Understanding - Take this **prescription** to the pharmacy and get your medicine. ## Match These Lay Terms With Medical Conditions: | Medical conditions | Lay term | |---|---| | Dyspnea | Breathelessness/ shortness of breath | | Insomnia | Trouble sleeping | | Intermittent claudication | Pains in the back of the legs when walking/ temporary cramp | | Myocardial infarction | Heart attack | | Nocturia | Needing to pass urine (water) at night | ## Match These Medications With Its Lay Terms For Medication: | Medications | Lay term | |---|---| | Analgesics | Pain killers | | Anti-depressants | Tablets to improve your mood | | Anti-inflammatories | Medicine to reduce swelling | | Broncho-dilator | A substance which causes the airways to open up | | Diuretics | Water tablets | | Hypertension medication | Pills for blood pressure | | Hypnotics | Sleeping tablets | ## Choose the Correct Answer 1. ... is subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache. Subjective means that it can be evaluated or measured only by the patient. - A symptom 2. ... is a set of the signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process. - A syndrome ## Choose the Correct Answer 1. ... is the identification of a disease. - A diagnosis 2. ... is a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disorder. - A prognosis ## Choose the Correct Answer 1. ... condition has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively shot duration. - An acute 2. ... condition is of long duration. Although such diseases can be controlled, they are rarely cured. - A Chronic ## Answer Of Exercise 1 - **Diagnose** = يشخص / diagnosis = تشخیص - **Examine** = يفحص / examination = فحص - **Prescribe** = يصف علاج / prescription = وصفة طبية/ روشته - **Suffer** = معاناة/ suffering = معاناه - **Operate** = يجري عملية جراحية \ operation - **Cure** = علاج / يداوي / يعالج / cure - **Recover** = شفاء/ معافاة / recovery = تعاف - **analyse** / analysis = تحليل - **infect** / infection = عدوى - **carry** / carrier = ناقل - **replace** / replacement = بديل - **degenerate** / degeneration = انحلال - **refer** = احال / referral = احالة - **paralyse** = سبب الشلل / paralysis = شلل - **obstruct** = يعيق/ obstruction = اعاقة ## ANSWER: 1. I diagnosed that the patient had a heart condition. My diagnosis was that the patient had a heart condition. 2. I examined the patient fully. I made a full examination of the patient. 3. I prescribed a course of antibiotics. I wrote a prescription for a course of antibiotics. 4. He suffered very little. He experienced very little suffering. 5. We operated immediately. The operation was performed immediately. 6. This disease cannot be cured. There is no cure for this disease. 7. He has recovered fully. He has made a full recovery. ## ANSWER: 1. The lab analyzed the blood sample. The lab made an analysis of the blood sample. 2. We found that the tissue was infected. We found an infection in the tissue. 3. Ten per cent of the population are thought to carry the bacteria. Ten per cent of the population are thought to be carriers of the bacteria. 4. We replaced the patient's hip. The patient was given a hip replacement. 5. His condition has degenerated. There has been a digeneration in his condition. 6. The patient was referred to a specialist. The patient was given a referral to a specialist. 7. His am was paralysed after the stroke (interruption of blood supply to your brain). He suffered paralysis of the arm after the stroke. 8. The artery was obstructed by a blood clot. The blood clot formed an obstruction in the artery. ## Answer of Two-Word Expressions (p.3) 1. heart attack 2. general anaesthetic 3. bone marrow 4. surgical intervention 5. primary tooth 6. Plastic surgery 7. brain death 8. bedside manner 9. Allergic reaction 10. clinical trial 11. malignant tumour 12. general practitioner 13. biological clock 14. digestive system 15. balanced diet ## Answer: 1. A condition in which the heart has a reduced blood supply because one of the arteries becomes blocked by a blood clot, causing myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction- **heart attack**. 2. A substance given to make someone lose consciousness so that a major surgical operation can be carried out--- **general anaesthetic**. 3. Soft tissue in cancellous bone--- **bone marrow**. 4. The Treatment of disease or other condition by surgery - **surgical intervention**. 5. Any one of the first twenty teeth which develop in children between about six months and two-and-a-half years of age, and are replaced by the permanent teeth at around the age of six-- **primary teeth**. 6. Surgery to repair damaged or malformed/deformed parts of the body— **plastic surgery**. 7. A condition in which the nerves in the brain stem have died, and the person can be certified as dead, although the heart may not have stopped beating— **brain death**. 8. The way in which a doctor behaves towards a patient, especially a patient who is in bed— **bedside manner**. ## ANSWER: 1. An effect produced by a substance to which a person has an allergy, such as sneezing or a skin rash- **allergic reaction**. 2. A trial carried out in a medical laboratory on a person or on tissue from a person— **clinical trial**. 3. A tumour which is cancerous and can grow again or spread into other parts of the body, even if removed surgically— **malignant tumour**. 4. A doctor who provides first-line medical care for all types of illness to people who live locally, refers them to hospital if necessary and encourages health promotion— **general practitioner**. 5. The rhythm of daily activities and bodily processes such as eating, defecating or sleeping, frequently controlled by hormones, which repeats every twenty-four hours— **biological clock**. 6. The set of organs such as the stomach, liver and pancreas which are associated with the digestion of food- **digestive system**. 7. A diet that provides all the nutrients needed in the correct proportions— **balanced diet**. ## Answer of Word Association 2: partnerships 1. administer a drug 2. analyse a sample 3. arrange an appointment 4. burp a baby 5. catch a cold 6. detect an improvement 7. discontinue the treatment 8. ease the pain 9. resist some infections 10. prescribe antibiotics ## Answer of Exercise 2 1. The doctor will administer a drug to the patient. 2. She was prescribed antibiotics. 3. As soon as the patient reported severe side-effects, the doctor discontinued the treatment. 4. I've caught a cold from one of my colleagues at work. 5. The laboratory analysed a sample of the food and found traces of bacteria. 6. A healthy body can resist some infections. 7. I would like to arrange an appointment with the dental hygienist for 10.00am tomorrow. 8. She had an injection to ease the pain in her leg. 9. The health visitor advised the new parents to burp the baby after feeding. 10. The nurses detected an improvement in the patient's condition ## ANSWER: 1. He developed an allergy to penicillin. 2. He suffered _paroxysms_ of coughing in the night. 3. She went into a coma after an _overdose_ of heroin. 4. The patient will need plastic _surgery_ to remove the scars he received in the accident. 5. She took a _course_ (treatment plan) of steroid treatment. 6. He had a _recurrence_ (return) of a fever which he had caught in the tropics. 7. There is a _tendency_ (likelihood) to obesity in her family. ## Answer: 1. From the _examination_ of the X-ray photographs, it seems that the tumour has not spread. 2. The doctor gave him an _injection_ to relieve the pain. 3. He doesn't take enough _exercise_ that's why he's fat. 4. The injured man was taken away in an _ambulance_. 5. She was advised to reduced her _intake_ of sugar. 7. The _biopsy_ (removal & examination) of the tissue from the growth showed that it was benign. 8. The parents gave their _consent_ for their son's heart to be used in the transplant operation. ## ANSWER: 1. The doctors seem pleased that she has made such good _progress_ since her operation. 2. This is a new _treatment_ for heart disease. 3. Her body could not cope with (deal with) an _excess_ of blood sugar. 4. Three people were injured in the _accident_ on the motorway/highway/freeway. 5. _Vaccination_ is mainly given against cholera, diphtheria, rabies, smallpox, tuberculosis and typhoid. 6. She had a high temperature and then broke out in a _rash_.