Anatomical Terms .pdf

General ANATOMY ANATOMY Terminology Introduction to human ANATOMY Anatomy Science that describes the human body by using dissection (cutting up). Greek Mean...

General ANATOMY ANATOMY Terminology Introduction to human ANATOMY Anatomy Science that describes the human body by using dissection (cutting up). Greek Meaning "Ana" means up, and "tome" means cutting, so anatomy means cutting up. ANATOMICAL POSITION Body Part Description Face Looks forward Body Stands up erect Upper Limbs Stretched beside the body Palms dircting forward Feet Close together Position Description Supine Position Body lying face up Prone Position Body lying face down Lateral Decubitus Position Body lying on its side Lithotomy Position Body lying on the back with legs raised and feet in stirrups & DR. Mohamed Awad Page | 1 General ANATOMY ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Planes Coronal plane  Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior halves parts. Median (sagittal) plane  Vertical planes divide the body into equal right and left parts. Horizontal (transverse) plane  Transverse plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves or parts Paramedian (lateral sagittal) plane  It is a vertical plane that runs parallel to the median plane dividing the body into two S equal parts Unequal DR. Mohamed Awad Page | 2 General ANATOMY ANATOMY Terminology Terms related to directions Anterior (ventral) near the front of the body Posterior (dorsal) Near to the back of the body Median In the median plane Medial Near to the median plane Lateral Away from the median plane - Superior (upper, cephalic) Toward the head Inferior (lower, caudal) Toward the feet Superficial Near to the skin DR. Mohamed Awad Page | 3 General ANATOMY ANATOMY Terminology Deep Away from the skin Terms related to directions in limbs Proximal Nearer to the trunk (root of the limb) Distal Away from the trunk (root of the limb) Palmar Refer to the front of the hand Plantar Refer to the ventral aspect of the foot Dorsal Towards the back of the hand or the upper surface of the foot External Near to the surface of hollow organ Internal Near to the cavity of hollow organ Terms related to movements Flexion Bending of a joint (approximation of two ventral surfaces) Extension Straightening of a joint Abduction Movement of a limb away from the trunk Adduction Movement of a limb towards the trunk Circumduction Combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction Rotation Circular movement of a part around its longitudinal axis Lateral (external) rotation Front of the limb moves towards the outside Medial (internal) rotation Front of the limb moves towards the inside DR. Mohamed Awad Page | 4 General ANATOMY ANATOMY Terminology Special rotation Supination Lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm moves towards the front Pronation Medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm moves towards the back Inversion Medial rotation of the foot so that the sole moves towards the inside Eversion Lateral rotation of the foot so that the sole moves towards the outside DR. Mohamed Awad Page | 5 General ANATOMY ANATOMY Terminology Movements of Fingers and Toes Movement of fingers away from the long axis of the middle finger, Abduction or toes away from the long axis of the 2nd toe Movement of fingers towards the long axis of the middle finger, Adduction or toes towards the long axis of the 2nd toe Movements of the Thumb Movement of the thumb medially across the palm in the Flexion coronal plane Movement of the thumb laterally away from the palm in the Extension coronal plane Movement of the thumb away from the palm in the antero- Abduction posterior plane Movement of the thumb towards the palm in the antero- Adduction posterior plane Opposition Medial rotation of the thumb towards the other fingers Reposition Lateral rotation of the thumb away from the other fingers DR. Mohamed Awad Page | 6