AMGOV Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2024 PDF

## Chapter 12 1) Individual citizens influence Congress and its acts through (pg. 417) - civil disobedience - congressional elections - organized peaceful protests - letters and emails to congressional staff members 2) Which of the following statements is true? - House members serve for two years,...

## Chapter 12 1) Individual citizens influence Congress and its acts through (pg. 417) - civil disobedience - congressional elections - organized peaceful protests - letters and emails to congressional staff members 2) Which of the following statements is true? - House members serve for two years, and Senate members serve for four years. 3) To address the issue of racial imbalance in the House of Representatives, state legislatures - constructed a kind of gerrymandering called a majority-minority district. - created a practice known as “packing” districts to exert influence in electing representatives of color in majority districts. - created a practice known as “cracking" districts to break up majority-white congressional districts. 4) The practice of redrawing electoral boundaries for political advantage is known as - gerrymandering 5) Historically, what percentage of incumbent members of the House of Representatives running for reelection win? (p.419) - 96 percent 6) Which of these powers is/are granted to Congress by the Constitution? (p. 425 table 12.1) - to borrow money and regulate currency - taxation, spending, and establishment of tariffs - administration of post offices - punishing illegal acts on the high seas 7) Because of the necessary and proper clause, Congress exercises a ___ scope of authority. (p. 426 & 427) - broad 8) Within the instructed delegate model, elected representatives act - mostly according to their conscience and occasionally in line with constituents. 9) When a member of Congress advocates on behalf of a constituent who has an issue with a bureaucratic agency, they are playing the role of - caseworker 10) Identify the correct chronological order of a legislative bill's passage. - introduction, committee review, conference committee reconciliation, House and Senate approval, presidential approval 11) The wooden box into which House members insert proposed bills is known as the - hopper 12) Permanent committees with a defined legislative jurisdiction are known as - standing committees. 13) A procedural move that attempts to halt the passage of a bill is called a - filibuster ## Chapter 13 Study Guide 14) How many electors must a presidential candidate secure in the Electoral College to be elected president? - 270 15) The formal process of certifying a presidential election - takes place on the Monday following the second Wednesday of December. 16) Executive agreements are considered to be in force for how long? (p. 462) - for the term of the administration that negotiates them 17) Which of the following is NOT a power vested in the president by the Constitution? - the power to declare war 18) Many vice presidents have served a largely ___ role, performing tasks such as visiting foreign nations. (p. 463) - ceremonial 19) How many departments serve under the cabinet, the group of experts chosen as advisers by the president? (Figure 13.2) - 15 20) Which president began the practice of using a cabinet to assist in executive governance? (p. 464) - George Washington 21) Who was the first black secretary of state? (p. 466) - Colin Powell 22) Which of these offices acts as the launch pad for the implementation of presidential policy? (p. 467) - Executive Office of the President (EOP) 23) Which office within the Executive Office of the President is responsible for the creation of the president's annual budget? (p. 468) - Office of Management and Budget 24) The illness of which president led to his wife assuming some of his responsibilities and decision making? (p. 469) - Lyndon Johnson 25) During the Civil War, President Lincoln suspended the civil liberties of alleged agitators and drafted state militias into national service. He did this using what set of powers that are used during times of national crisis? (p. 473) - emergency powers ## Chapter 14 Study Guide 26) Senior executives of the national bureaucracy, known as Senior Executive Service (SES) bureaucrats - are non-career and temporary appointees hired without open, competitive procedures. - make up the majority of the national bureaucracy. - ensure that the executive management of the Government of the United States is responsive to the needs, policies, and goals of the Nation and otherwise is of the highest quality. 27) According to Max Weber, bureaucracies possess which of the following features? (p.495) - division of labor and specialization of job tasks - hiring systems based on worker competency - hierarchy with a vertical chain of command - standard operating procedures 28) Senior executive service (SES) positions are (p.500) - hybrids of political appointments and civil service positions. 29) Which title of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination in personnel practices based on race, color, ethnicity, age, and disabilities that can be reasonably accommodated? - Title VI 30) Which title of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits federally funded institutions from discriminating in educational opportunities on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, age, and disabilities that can be reasonably accommodated? - Title VI 31) Federal civil servants can be fired for poor work quality, or - malfeasance. 32) Which president proposed the civil service reforms that led to passage of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978? (p. 501) - Jimmy Carter 33) According to political scientists, how many stages are there in the public policy cycle? (p.513) - six 34) Which of the following is a part of the federal bureaucracy that primarily serves the legislative branch? - Government Accountability Office 35) Which of the following open up government functions and documents to the public, ensuring transparency and public access to decision making? (p.517) - sunshine laws ## Chapter 15: The Courts. Study Guide 36) In the federal judicial system, the main court(s) of original jurisdiction for most cases is/are the - trial courts 37) Which early landmark case granted the Supreme Court its most significant power? - *Marbury v. Madison* 38) The authority of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of governmental action is known as - judicial review. 39) The principle of *stare decisis*, a Latin phrase that means "let the decision stand," is the basis of the modern legal concept of - precedent. 40) Which of these special court's processes drew study by the Justice Department's independent inspector after its involvement in the FBI's Russia investigation? - FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) Court 41) How many federal district courts are there in the U.S. court system? - 94 42) How many justices are there on the Supreme Court? - 9 43) Senatorial courtesy, used today in the selection of ___, gives a senator the right to veto an appointment to when the senator and nominee are from the same home state. - district court and courts of appeals judges 44) A request to the Supreme Court that it review a case that was already decided is made via a(n) - certiorari petition. 45) For the Supreme Court to hear a case, how many of the nine justices must want to hear it? - 4 46) A Supreme Court justice who agrees with the majority in a case, but disagrees in whole or in part with the majority opinion, has the option to write a ___ opinion. - concurring 47) Judicial policy making includes defending and creating individual rights through - the interpretation of laws by the courts. 48) The concept of a living constitution is most related to which of the following? - judicial activism ## Chapter 16 Study Guide 49) Economists cite all of these factors as evidence of a healthy economy EXCEPT - a decrease in the national tax base 50) What type of economy is the U.S. economy? - regulated capitalist 51) Who wrote *Wealth of Nations,* which argued in favor of a laissez-faire (hands-off) economic system? - Adam Smith 52) According to Keynesian economics, what should the government do during an economic boom? - decrease government spending and possibly increase taxes 53) Fiscal policy is a combination of ___ policy and ___ policy. - tax; spending 54) Which of the following statements about monetarism is true? - It believes that too much money in circulation leads to high inflation. 55) Which economist developed the theory of monetarism? - Milton Friedman 56) Which of the following is/are among the criteria used by the United Nations to comparatively assess global living standards in the Human Development Index (HDI)? - a long and healthy life, educational opportunities, and decent standard of living - access to food, clothing, and shelter - physical health, income levels, and educational access 57) Payroll taxes fund - Social Security and Medicare 58) What date signals the beginning of the national government's fiscal year (FY)? - October 1 59) What type of tax takes a larger percentage of wealthier taxpayers' income and a smaller percentage of the income of those who earn less? - progressive tax ## Chapter 17 Study Guide 60) The complexity and breadth of the federal government's domestic responsibilities have grown due to - the plurality of citizens' policy priorities. - the diversity of needs and expectations. - politicians' hesitancy to eliminate programs. - politicians' refusal to decrease program costs. 61) Safety net programs - are programs that seek to ensure that the physiological needs of citizens are met. 62) All of the following are considered cash transfers EXCEPT. - Medicaid services. 63) Government benefits guaranteed to all who meet the eligibility requirements are best known as ___ programs. - entitlement 64) Which of the following events served as a catalyst for the development of a U.S. energy policy? - OPEC oil embargo 65) What was the first U.S. climate change policy, enacted in 2015? - Clean Power Plan 66) Which of the following is true of the way TANF is designed and administered? - The money comes from the federal government, but states determine eligibility, benefits, and programs. 67) Under the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) replaced the AFDC program. TANF is different from AFDC because it - is not an entitlement program. 68) Which president's "Great Society" plan created government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid? - Lyndon B. Johnson 69) How does the Affordable Care Act affect Medicaid? - It allows states to expand Medicaid for low-income people. ## Chapter 18. Study Guide 70) Which of the following executive departments have the largest roles in shaping United States foreign policy? - State and Defense 71) Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the formulation of foreign policy? - The State Department tends to take a long-term view of world affairs, while the National Security Council focuses on short-term objectives. 72) Which president first warned of the rising influence of the military-industrial complex? - Dwight D. Eisenhower 73) Generally, public opinion plays a ___ role in shaping and influencing foreign policy in comparison to the role it plays in domestic issues. - small 74) What term is used for the influence of domestic interests on foreign policy? - intermestics 75) Which president introduced the notion of the United States as an "international police power"? - Theodore Roosevelt 76) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an example of which of the following? - regional security alliance 77) What was the Soviet Union's response to the creation of NATO? - formation of the Warsaw Pact 78) The "Iron Curtain" described the dominance of communism in which region? - Eastern Europe 79) The concept of limited war was first applied in which of the following conflicts? - Korean War 80) Which of the following events is the best example of brinkmanship? - the Cuban Missile Crisis 81) Which presidential doctrine emphasized the responsibility of U.S. allies to provide for their own national defense and sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union and China, the two communist world powers? - the Nixon Doctrine 82) Détente is most associated with which president? - Richard Nixon 83) Samuel Huntington's clash of civilizations thesis holds that the greatest source of conflict now and in the future will be - over differences in cultural and religious identity. ## Georgia Politics The Current constitution of the state of Georgia, adopted in 1983, is the 10th constitution. ## Georgia General Assembly - How old a candidate must be to run for a senate seat in the Georgia General Assembly? - At least 25 years old - What is the number of voting members in the Georgia General Assembly? - 180 voting members - What is the major difference between the US constitution and the constitution of the state of Georgia? - The constitution of the state of Georgia includes clauses about local governments; the US constitution does not include clauses about local government. - What does "plural executive" mean in regard to the governor of Georgia's power? - It means the governor has an unchecked appointment power. - What does “home rule” mean for local governments within Georgia? - Local governments can practice self-government in specific areas determined by the state government. - What is the length of the legislative calendar for the Georgia General Assembly? - 40 legislative days - Unlike Federal judges, how do state judges in Georgia assume their position? - They are typically elected. - What does Dillon's Rule state about the limits on local government powers in Georgia? - Local government’s power is limited to what is determined by the state government.