American Occupation (1901-1935) PDF

1901-1935 (The American Period) “The Philippines are ours not to exploit, but to develop, civilize, educate, and to train in the science of self-government” WILLIAM MCKINLEY ECONOMIC 3 The American Colonial Government A. The Taft Commission B. Civil Governme...

1901-1935 (The American Period) “The Philippines are ours not to exploit, but to develop, civilize, educate, and to train in the science of self-government” WILLIAM MCKINLEY ECONOMIC 3 The American Colonial Government A. The Taft Commission B. Civil Government C. Philippine Bill of 1902 D. Philippine Assembly E. Resident Commissioners F. The Filipinization of the Government G. The Jones Law of 1916 H. The Wood-Forbes Mission I. The OSROX Mission 5  A. The Taft Commission Created on March 16, 1900. Also known as The Second Philippine Commission. 6 A. The Taft Commission Headed by Judge William Howard Taft. Members: Luke E. Wright Henry C. Ide Dean C. Worcester Bernard Moses 7  A-1. The Taft Commission Luke E. Wright Henry C. Ide Dean C. Bernard C. Worcester Moses 8  A-2. The Taft Commission Establish a civil government in the Philippines. To train the Filipinos in self-government.  Guided by a set of instructions issued to it on April 7, 1900 by McKinley. 9  A-3. The Taft Commission Those instructions were drafted by Secretary of War, Elihu Root. 10  A-4. The Taft Commission “bear in mind that the government which they (the Commission) are establishing is designed not for our selfish satisfaction...but for the happiness, peace and prosperity of the people of the Philippine Islands, and the measures adopted should be made to conform to their customs, habits...” 11  A-5. The Taft Commission  Arrived in Manila on June 3, 1900.  $1,000,000 for building, and repairing roads and bridges.  From September 1900 to August 1902, it enacted more than 400 laws. In September 1901, it was expanded to include three pro-American Filipino as members. They were: 12  A-6. The Taft Commission Trinidad H. Benito Jose Pardo de Legarda Luzurriaga Tavera 13  B. Civil Government  Inaugurated on July 4, 1901.  William Howard Taft as the first Civil Governor.  Gov. Taft exercised both executive and legislative functions.  His policy “the Philippines for the Filipinos” made him popular among the Filipinos.  Taft served until December 1903. 14 C. Philippine Bill of 1902  also known as the Cooper Act.  Sponsored by U.S. Representative Henry A. Cooper of Wisconsin.  On July 1, 1902, the Philippine Bill of 1902 was passed by Congress. It created the Philippine Assembly. 15  C-1. Philippine Bill of 1902 Among the key provisions of the Philippine Bill of 1902 were: 1. A bill of right for the Filipinos; 2. The appointment of two Filipino resident commissioners to represent the Philippines in the U.S. Congress, but without voting rights; 3. The establishment of a Philippine Assembly to be elected by the Filipinos two years after the publication of a census and only after peace has been completely restored in the country. The Philippine Assembly would be the lower house of the legislature while the Philippine Commission would be the upper house. 16  C-2. Philippine Bill of 1902 Among the key provisions of the Philippine Bill of 1902 were: 4. Executive power would be exercised by the Civil Governor who would have several executive departments under him such as Interior, Public Information, Finance and Justice, and Commerce and Police. 5. Conservation of the country’s natural resources for the Filipinos. 17  D. Philippine Assembly  On July 30, 1907, the first free national elections were held in the Philippines for members of all the Filipino lawmaking body.  Hundreds of candidates campaigned under many new political parties.  80 delegates won, most of them came from the Nacionalista Party. 18  D-1. Philippine Assembly Inaugurated on October 16, 1907 at the Manila Grand Opera House. 19 D-2. Philippine Assembly Sergio Osmeña: Speaker 20 D-3. Philippine Assembly Manuel L. Quezon: Majority Floor Leader 21 D-4. Philippine Assembly 22  E. Resident Commissioners  The Philippine Bill of 1902 gave the Filipinos the right to be represented by two Filipino resident commissioners in the United States Congress.  They could speak out for or against any bill in Congress affecting the Philippines. 23 E-1. Resident Commissioners Benito Pablo Ocampo Legarda 24 E-2. Resident Commissioners  Manuel L. Quezon served from 1909 to 1916.  Considered one of the greatest Filipino resident commissioners.  Spoke out strongly against those they considered harmful to Filipino interests. 25  F. The Filipinization of the Government  America made it a policy to appoint qualified Filipinos to government positions.  A number of prominent Filipinos were named to high positions.  In 1903, there were more Americans (2,777) in the government than Filipinos (2,697).  In 1904, the number rose to 3,377 compared to 3,228 Americans. 26  F-1. The Filipinization of the Government Cayetano Arellano was named Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court. 27 F-2. The Filipinization of the Government Florentino Torres became Attorney General. 28  F-3. The Filipinization of the Government By 1908, Gregorio Araneta was named Secretary of Finance and Justice. 29  G. The Jones Law of 1916  Signed by President Woodrow Wilson on August 29, 1916.  Also known as the Philippine Autonomy Act.  Sponsored by U.S. Representative William Atkinson Jones of Virginia. Woodrow William Wilson Atkinson 30 Jones  G-1. The Jones Law of 1916  It contained American’s promise to give independence to the Philippines.  Gave the Filipinos greater participation in the government.  It defined the structure of the government, the powers and duties of the officials, and provided for a bill of rights for the Filipinos. 31  G-2. The Jones Law of 1916  Executive Power: Governor-General (an American)  Appointed by the President of the United States.  Legislative Power: exclusive to the Filipinos  Created two houses: the House of Representatives (lower house) and the Philippine Senate (upper house).  Judicial Power: Chief Justice (Filipino) and associate justices (Filipino and American)  Appointed by the President of the United States. 32  G-3. The Jones Law of 1916  On October 3, 1916, elections were held for the new Philippine Legislature.  It was formally inaugurated on October 16, 1916.  Sergio Osmeña was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives.  Manuel L. Quezon became President of the Senate. 33 G-4. The Jones Law of 1916 34 H. The Wood-Forbes Mission Warren G. Harding 35  H-1. The Wood-Forbes Mission  Gen. Leonard Wood and Gov. Gen. W. Cameron Forbes stayed in the Philippines for four months.  In October 1921, the mission submitted its report to the president that the Filipinos were not yet prepared for independence and U.S. should not yet grant independence to the Philippines. 36 H-2. The Wood-Forbes Mission Gen. Leonard Gov. Gen. W. Wood Cameron Forbes 37  I. The OSROX Mission  In November 1931, the Philippine Legislature sent a mission to the United States to work for the passage of an independence law.  U.S. Senator Harry B. Hawes filed an independence bill in the U.S. Congress, with U.S. Congressman Hare and U.S. Senator Cutting as co-sponsors.  The bill was approved in December 1932, but President Herbert Hoover, vetoed the bill. 38 I-1. The OSROX Mission Harry B. Hawes 39  I-2. The OSROX Mission  The U.S. Congress repassed the bill on January 17, 1933 known as the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act.  The Antis were those who sided with Quezon in opposing the law.  The Pros were those who supported the law and backed Osmeña and Roxas. 40 I-3. The OSROX Mission  The law’s provisions on trade relations were disadvantageous to the Philippines.  He objected the provision limiting the immigration of Filipinos to the U.S.  He also objected to the retention by the U.S. of military bases in the Philippines. 41 I-4. The OSROX Mission  OSROX claimed that the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act was the best independence law that the Filipinos could obtain from the U.S. 42  I-5. The OSROX Mission On October 17, 1933, the legislature rejected the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act. The U.S. Congress enacted a new independence bill sponsored by Senator Milliard Tydings and Representative John McDuffie.  Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 24, 1934. 43  J. The Commonwealth Government Afther the Tydings-McDuffie Law was approved by Pres. Franklin Roosevelt. The Americans grant the Filipinos to create its owned government but under the supervison of U.S.A.  July 30, 1934, members of the constitutional convention were elected. Claro M. Recto was elected as President then he presided the constitutional convention. 44  J-1. 1935 Philippine Constitution After thorough deliberation of the members of the Constitutional convention lead by Claro M. Recto in Febuary 1935, the new Philippine Constitution was promulgated. March 23, 1935, the 1935 Philippine Constitution was approved by Pres. Franklin Roosevelt. May 14, 1935, the Constitution was ratified by the Filipinos. 45  J-2. Election of President and Vice President September 16, 1935, first national election was held in the Philippines to elect President and Vice President of the Transitory Government. Manuel Quezon was elected President and Sergio Osmeña, Sr. was elected Vice President of the Transitory Government which is otherwise known as the First Philippine Republic. November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth Government together with the First Philippine Republic was inaugurated on steps of the Legislative building in Manila. 46  J-3. Manuel L. Quezon He served as President of the First Philippine Republic from 1935-1941. He was re-elected as President in November 11, 1941 with Sergio Osmeña, Sr. as Vice President. It was cut short because of the Japanese Invasion. 47 Thank you for reading! 48