The American Colonial State in the Philippines PDF

THE AMERICAN COLONIAL STATE IN THE PHILIPPINES THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION 1898-1901: Military Occupation 1901-1913: Taft Era (First Republican Era) 1913-1921: Harrison Administration (Democrat, New Era) 1921-1927: Wood Administration (Second Republican Era) *1919-1934: Campaigns for Independenc...

THE AMERICAN COLONIAL STATE IN THE PHILIPPINES THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION 1898-1901: Military Occupation 1901-1913: Taft Era (First Republican Era) 1913-1921: Harrison Administration (Democrat, New Era) 1921-1927: Wood Administration (Second Republican Era) *1919-1934: Campaigns for Independence TREATY OF PARIS § Treaty between America and Spain, signed on Dec. 10, 1898 § Ratified on Feb. 6, 1899 § America paid $20 million for the Philippines § America gained control over the Philippine Island Taken from: en.wikipedia.org BEHIND AMERICAN MOTIVES § Manifest Destiny § A belief of their God-given mission to bring civilization, progress, and to make the world a better place § Social Darwinism § Survival of the fittest, natural selection § Belief that Americans were superior § Discrimination  BENEVOLENT ASSIMILATION § Proclaimed by Pres. William McKinley on Dec. 21, 1898 § Image: Americans not as conquerors, but as friends § Promise to train Filipinos in democratic governance until they were “ready” to govern Taken from: mstartzman.pbworks.com themselves WHITE MAN’S BURDEN § Philippines as the white man’s burden § Positive perspective on colonialism: moral obligation Taken from: en.wikipedia.org WHY THE PHILLIPINES? US INTERESTS IN THE PHILIPPINES § Economic Interests § Fear of International Complications - Upsetting the balance of power § Manifest Destiny - It was their mission to civilize - Filipinos were “unfit” for self-rule THE FIRST PHILIPPINE COMMISSION: SCHURMAN COMMISSION § Arrived in Manila on March 4, 1899 § Members: 1. Jacob Schurman 2. George Dewey 3. Charles Denby 4. Elwell Otis 5. Dean Worcester § Stayed in Manila for only a month § Gathered feedbacks from the Manila-based Ilustrados (pro- Taken from: kahimyang.com Americans) THE FIRST PHILIPPINE COMMISSION: SCHURMAN COMMISSION § Conclusion: - US cannot withdraw from the Philippine Islands - Filipinos unprepared for Independence § Recommendations: 1. Civil Government 2. Bicameral Legislature Taken from: kahimyang.com 3. Public Education System 4. Separate finances for the insular government THE SECOND PHILIPPINE COMMISSION: TAFT COMMISSION § Arrived in Manila on June 3, 1900 § Members: 1. William Howard Taft 2. Luke Wright 3. Henry Ide 4. Dean Worcester 5. Bernard Moses § To train Filipinos in self- government Taken from: celebratepcsa.wordpress.com  July 4, 1901 Shift from Military Occupation to Civil Government THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION (Governing Body) REPRESSIVE LAWS 1.Sedition Law (1901) Death penalty or long-term imprisonment to those pushing for independence even through peaceful means 2. Brigandage Act (1902) Imprisonment to those who give aid to brigands 3. Reconcentration Act (1903) Empowered officials to move all inhabitants of a town to prevent people like Sakay from getting help 4. Flag Law (1907) Prohibited the display of the Philippine National Flag SUMMARY Taft Era (1901-1913) § First Republican Era § Gradual Filipinization § Cooper Act/Philippine Bill of 1902 § Philippine Assembly Harrison Administration (1913-1921) § New Era (Democrats) § Rapid Filipinization § Jones Law/ Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 § Council of State and Board of Control Wood Administration § Board of Control (1921-1927) § Second Republican Era § Quezon vs. Osmeña § Ray Conley Case § Cabinet Crisis SUMMARY Taft Era (1901-1913) § First Republican Era § Gradual Filipinization  5 Americans PHILIPPINE COMMISSION (Executive and Legislative) 3 Filipinos Departments Bureaus SUMMARY Taft Era (1901-1913) § First Republican Era § Gradual Filipinization § Cooper Act/Philippine Bill of 1902 § Philippine Assembly - Osmeña and Quezon  PHILIPPINE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION PHILIPPINE COMMISSION LEGISLATIVE Speaker PHILIPPINE ASSESMBLY Majority Floor Leader  Taken from: malacanang.gov.ph Taken from: malacanang.gov.ph Sergio Osmeña, Sr. Manuel Quezon Speaker Majority Floor Leader SUMMARY Harrison Administration (1913-1921) § New Era (Democrats) § Rapid Filipinization § Jones Law/ Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 Preamble: “America will withdraw its sovereignty over the Philippine Islands and recognize their independence as soon as a stable government can be established therein…” § Council of State § Board of Control  GOVERNOR-GENERAL EXECUTIVE CABINET SENATE - Manuel Quezon as Senate President LEGISLATIVE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - Sergio Osmeña Sr as Speaker of the House SUMMARY Wood Administration (1921-1927) § Second Republican Era § Quezon vs. Osmeña § Ray Conley Case § Cabinet Crisis SUMMARY Taft Era (1901-1913) § First Republican Era § Gradual Filipinization § Cooper Act/Philippine Bill of 1902 § Philippine Assembly Harrison Administration (1913-1921) § New Era (Democrats) § Rapid Filipinization § Jones Law/ Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 § Council of State and Board of Control Wood Administration § Board of Control (1921-1927) § Second Republican Era § Quezon vs. Osmeña § Ray Conley Case § Cabinet Crisis