Alex Nizer - Chemistry Applications Study Guide PDF

**Chemistry Applications** **Study Guide** Define chemical reaction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Chemical Reaction is a process where two or more s...

**Chemistry Applications** **Study Guide** Define chemical reaction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Chemical Reaction is a process where two or more substances interact with each other, causing their atoms to rearrange and form new substances with different properties ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Define Physical Change: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Physical Change is when matter changes forms but not chemical identity ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Give examples of physical changes +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | - - - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Define Chemical Change: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ During a Chemical Change a Chemical Reaction Occurs, New Substances Form, Chemical Reactions Produce new Substances by Changing the way Atoms are Arranged ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Give examples of chemical changes: +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | - - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Define reactants and products: +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Reactants: | | | | What you start with, bonds are broken | | | | Products: | | | | What you end with, atoms are rearranged | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ List six types of evidence for Chemical Reactions +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | - - - - - - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Classifying Reactions: *Write the name, definition and give an example of the three types of reactions we discussed in class.* +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Name: | | | | - | | | | Definition: | | | | - | | | | Example: | | | | - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Name: | | | | - | | | | Definition: | | | | - | | | | Example: | | | | - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Name: | | | | - | | | | Definition: | | | | - | | | | Example: | | | | - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ - List four things that can change the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction. Tell how each one impacts the rate. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1. | | | | Makes the chemical reaction speed up (increase) | | | | 2. | | | | A catalyst is a substance that **increases the rate of the chemical | | reactions** but is not consumed by the chemical reaction. | | | | 3. | | | | Makes the chemical reaction speed up (increase) | | | | 4. | | | | Makes the chemical reaction speed up (increase) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Catalyst Definition --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of the chemical reactions but is not consumed by the chemical reaction. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State the Law of Conservation of Mass --------------------------------------------------------------- In Chemical Reactions Atoms are Neither Created nor Destroyed --------------------------------------------------------------- Explain how Lavoisier discovered the law. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- He showed that reactions that seemed to gain or lose mass are actually involved in reactions with gasses in the air. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- List the three pieces of information needed to write a chemical equation (In Chemical Reactions Part Two Slideshow, but may not be in your notes.) +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | - | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Explain how you can tell whether or not a chemical equation is balanced or unbalanced? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You can tell whether or not a chemical equation is balanced or unbalanced when you count all of the atoms and compare numbers on both sides of the equation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Be able to balance a chemical equation.] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction in which less energy is needed to break the bonds in the reactants than is released when new bonds form in the products. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Example of an exothermic reaction: -------------------------------------------- Combustion fire - gives off heat and light -------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction in which more energy is needed to break the bonds in the reactants then is released when new bonds form in the products. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Example of an exothermic reaction: ------------------------------------------------------ Photosynthesis - absorbs energy in the form of light ------------------------------------------------------