Afro-Asian Reviewer for Finals PDF

ENGO8 REVIEWER FOR FINALS CHARACTER ANALYSIS Yajnavalkya “HYMNS FROM THE RIG VEDA – INDRA” -Father of the hermitage, a holy AUTHORS BG...

ENGO8 REVIEWER FOR FINALS CHARACTER ANALYSIS Yajnavalkya “HYMNS FROM THE RIG VEDA – INDRA” -Father of the hermitage, a holy AUTHORS BG man RIG VEDA IS AN ANCIENT INDIAN SACRED Little female mouse COLLECTION OF VEDIC SANSKRIT HYMNS. -A mouse who fell from a hawk’s The hymns were composed by various sages beak to Yajnavalkya’s hand, then later (rishis) over a period. on turned into a girl BG OF THE WORK The hymns addressed to indra in the rig veda Yajnavalkya’s wife are dedicated to the chief diety of the vedic -Reared the mouse who turned pantheon into a girl and took her as her own Indra portrayed as a powerful god of thunder daughter amd war The sun- the first summoned potential These hymns celebrate the indras heroic suitor for the lady to marry deeds and his role as a protector and The cloud- the second summoned benefactor of the vedic people potential suitor IMAGERY-DENOTATION-CONNOTATION The wind- the third summoned Serpent -a snake-evil and obstruction that potential suitor must be overcome Thunderbolt(vajra)-indras weapon, made of The mountain- the fourth summoned iron or stone, used to slay demons- The mouse- the last summoned power,divine retribution, and justice CULTURAL IMPLICATION Soma-a ritual drink that invigorates indra- divine intoxication and spiritual strength The setting in a hermitage along the Vtra- a demon representing drought or Ganges River highlights the importance obstruction- any significant obstacle or of spiritual rituals in ancient Indian enemy that must be vanquished culture. KINDS OF LANGUAGES simile- “ impetuous like a bull he chose the SYMBOLS soma” The Ganges River metaphor- “the waters to the ocean down - purity and spiritual cleansing have glided”(waters personified as creatures) The Hermitage hyperbole-“he who just born as chief god - spiritual devotion and a life of full of spirit went far beyond the other gods in wisdom” simplicity personification-“the two worlds trembled”(worlds given human-like The Mouse reactions) - girl's true nature and identity “PACHATANTRA: MOUSE-MAID MADE The Banyan Leaf MOUSE” – PANDIT VISHNU SHARMA - fertility, shelter, and longevity Purification Rituals - importance BG OF THE WORK of spiritual cleanliness and Panchatantra is an ancient Indian purity collection of stories or fables. THEMES Rama - eldest son of the great king “One's true self cannot be altered Dasharatha. The gods had declared “True fulfillment lies in returning to that he was born for the specific one's roots” purpose of defeating the demon-king IMPLICATIONS OF THE TITLE Ravana. He is considered to be the The title indicates a transformation seventh incarnation of the great god, from a mouse to a maid (human girl) Vishnu. and back to a mouse. This highlights the true nature of the protagonist. The Bharatha - younger brother of Rama; choice to return to being a mouse regent of Ayodhya during Rama's exile suggests embracing one's true nature and finding belonging within one's own Lakshmana - Rama's brother and kind. Sathrugna's twin; very protective of Rama and went with him in his exile “RAMAYANA”- Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami (RK Narayan) Sumanthra - Dasaratha's chief minister Kamavalli - daughter of Sage Visravas, AUTHORSS BG son of Pulastya, granddaughter of born on October 10, 1906 in Madras, Brahma; half-sister of Kubera South India went to Maharaja College of Mysor Soorpanaka - a demoness and sister of was one of the finest Indian authors of Ravana his generation, writing in English Kara - one of Ravana's stepbrothers; BG OF THE WORK commander of Soorpanaka's army of The Ramayana is one of the two great demons Hindu epics, alongside the Mahabharata. Jatayu - a great eagle pledged to guard It tells the story of Rama, one the lives of Dasaratha's children incarnation of the god Vishnu. Sampathi - Jatayu's elder brother; CHARACTER ANALYSIS deformed for challenging the sun,. Dasaratha - emperor of the Kosala restored on hearing Rama's name country with Ayodhya as its capital Kausalya - 1st wife of Dasaratha, CULTURAL IMPLICATION mother of Rama The Ramayana provides a moral and ethical framework for individuals and Kaikeyi - third queen of Dasaratha and societies. his favorite consort, mother of For Hindus, the Ramayana is not just Bharatha an epic but a sacred scripture that teaches devotion to God (bhakti) and Sumithra - second queen of the importance of adhering to one's Dasaratha, mother of the twins, responsibilities (dharma) Lakshmana and Sathrugna SYMBOLS SHAKUNTALA”- MAHAKABI KALIDASA & Bow and arrow Hanuman’s tail BG OF THE WORK Sita’s jewelry Taken from legend, the work tells of the Fire seduction of the nymph Shakuntala by Rama’s footprint King Dushyanta, his rejection of the girl THEME and his child, and their subsequent Central to the Ramayana is the concept reunion in heaven. of dharma, which refers to the AUTHOR’S BG righteous path and fulfilling one's was a famous classical poet and duties and responsibilities. playwright of Sanskrit. He was famous as a great poet and The epic highlights the themes of made a glorious contribution to loyalty and devotion through characters Sanskrit literature. Arthur William Ryder was born on IMPLICATIONS OF THE TITLE March 8, 1877, in Oberlin, Ohio. His The title "The Ramayana" refers to "The early education was in Ann Arbor, Journey of Rama." It tells a story of Michigan, and Phillips Academy at Rama, a prince who puts on numerous Andover. adventures, fights the demon king Ravana, and eventually becomes king. CHARACTER ANALYSIS King Dushyanta - a member of the “ON LEARNING TO BE AN INDIAN” SANTHA Puru lineage, reigns in northern RAMA RAU India, with his capital at Hastinapura. AUTHOR’S BG Shakuntala - is the heroine of the Santha was born Vasanthi Rama Rau play. A beautiful young woman, she on January 24, 1923, in Madras, the is the daughter of a royal sage and younger of two sisters the nymph Menaka, and the foster GENERAL IDEA daughter of Kanva The story was about the life, beliefs Kanva - is a great ascetic sage, and practices of traditional Hindus. head of the hermitage Where, the life always circles on Anusuya - a friend of Shakuntala spiritual beliefs, ancestral practices and Priyamvada and a fellow and Indian chores in their everyday ascetic at Kanva’s hermitage. lives. Priyamvada - Is a friend of On learning to be an Indian, there are Shakuntala and Anusuya and a many practices towards the fulfillment fellow ascetic at Kanva’s hermitage. of their clean soul with dignity, integrity Durvasas - is a hot-tempered sage and equality. who visits the hermitage  Madhavya - a clown and King BG OF THE WORK Dushyanta’s lifelong companion. The Book of Ruth" is a short biblical narrative found in the Old Testament. King’s Charioteer - He attended It tells the story of a Moabite woman King Dushyanta in the chariot while named Ruth who becomes the great- they were hunting the deer. grandmother of King David. Matali - Indra’s charioteer plays a CHARACTER ANALYSIS vital role in bringing Dushyanta RUTH- A Moabite widow back to his senses. NAOMI - Ruth's Israelite mother-in-law Elimelech - Husband of Naomi and CULTURAL IMPLICATION father of Mahlon and Chilion. (Gender Roles and Feminine Virtues) Boaz – a wealthy landowner who showa kindness to ruth and naomi (Marriage and Kinship) Mahlon- naomi’s first son and the deceased husband of ruth Connection to Hindu Mythology Chilion- second son of naomi and Elimelech Nature and Spirituality Orpah- a Moabite woman who married the second son of naomi SYMBOLS CONFLICT Bees The primary conflicts include Naomi Deer and Ruth'sstruggle with widowhood Tree and poverty, Ruth's choice to remain THEME with Naomi versus returning to Moab, DUTY VS LOVE and the legal and social challenges PROPHECY AND CURSES Boaz faces in redeeming Ruth and CONCEALMENT AND SEPARATION Naomi's family. CULTURAL IMPLICATION IMPLICATION OF THE TITLE Levirate marriage The title of Kalidasa's play "Shakuntala" Gleaning carries profound implications, serving barley harvest as a focal point for understanding the kinsman-redeemer thematic depth, cultural context, and Ruth narrative structure of the work. THEMES Loyalty and faithfulness “THE BOOK OF RUTH” Redemption and restoration providence AUTHOR’S BG Inclusion in God's covenant community The authorship of the Book of Ruth is traditionally ascribed to the prophet Samuel. “ECCLESIASTES” 3:1-8 GENERAL IDEA A TIME FOR EVERYTHING The psalm conveys a sense of peace, comfort, and security in AUTHOR’S BG God’s presence. King Solomon is known as the wisest of all men. “HAFIZ POEM” Khwajeh Shams al-Din WHO IS SPEAKING? Muhammad Hafez-e Shirazi The one who is speaking is the author. TO WHOM THE SPEAKER IS SPEAKING? AUTHOR’S BG The speaker is speaking to its Khwajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad readers. Hafez-e Shirazi was an Iranian WHAT IS THE SITUATION? mystic and poet. The situation of the poem tells the He was born sometime between readers about the time of everything. the years 1310- 1325 in Shiraz, Iran, That there is a season for everything. of father Bahaud-Din. WHAT IS THE SPEAKER’S TONE? BG OF THE WORK reflective and contemplative The "Divan of Hafiz " is a collection of poems attributed to the Persian poet “PSALM 23” VERSE 1-6 HEBREW LITERATURE Hafiz, compiled after his lifetime. Who is speaking? AUTHOR’S BG Hafiz himself, expressing his thoughts, THIRD KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM emotions, and observations. OF ISRAEL, LIVED AROUND 1000 BCE To whom is the speaker speaking? Psalm 23 is most likely authored by king the speaker often addresses his verses David to a beloved figure symbolizing divine BG OF THE WORK love, while also engaging with readers, Psalm 23 is attributed to the biblical nature, and his own introspective King David, reflections. A. Who is speaking? What is the mood of the poem? The speaker is King David himself. the mood in Hafiz ' s poetry is its B. To whom is the speaker speaking? profound sense of reverence and awe The speaker addresses God directly towards the divine, intertwined with a C. What is the mood of the poem? passionate celebration of love and The mood of the poem is one of beauty. extreme peace, comfort, trust, and What is the situation? confidence in God's unwavering the moments of contemplation, love and care for the speaker. longing, celebration, introspection, and D. What is the situation? encounters with the mystical. The situation depicted is one of a IMAGERY person expressing complete trust CUP-BEARER – a person who serves and confidence in God as their wine shepherd. Bowl- a container typically used for drinking Thirsting- being very thirsty or craving  Wind- moving air The Younger Son (The Prodigal Son) - Fling- to throw forcefully the protagonist whose journey from Weeps- shedding tears rebellion to repentance forms the core Tavern-keeper- a person who owns or narrative. runs a tavern SYMBOLS FIGURES OF SPEECH The Younger Son – Metaphor The Inheritance "Arise, oh Cup-bearer, rise " — The Distant Country metaphorically addresses the The Robe, Ring, and Sandals Symbolism The Pigs and Feeding Pods Wine symbolizes spiritual intoxication The Celebration Feast and earthly pleasure. THEME Personification Repentance and forgiveness "Last night when Irem ' s magic garden IMPLICATION OF THE TITLE slept" — personifies the garden as if it implies a narrative centered on themes can sleep, enhancing its mystical of repentance, forgiveness, and quality. unconditional love. GENERAL IDEA Hafiz ' s poem from the Divan of Hafiz “THE GOOD SAMARITAN” revolves around themes of love, A story told by Jesus from The New longing, spiritual yearning, and the Testament, Luke 10:25-37 complexities of human emotions CHARACTER ANALYSIS Jewish man - the one who got beaten “THE PRODIGAL SON” and was helpless at the side of the road. AUTHOR’S BG Jewish man - the one who got beaten EDWARD HUGHES is known for his and was helpless at the side of the contributions to Bible for Children road. His works, including "The Prodigal Son, The priest – the first traveler who " are characterized by their simplicity, walked by and didn’t help the man. clarity, and accessibility, aiming to The Levite traveler – the second traveler communicate Biblical stories and who ignores the man lying on the moral lessons to young readers. ground beat to death. BG OF THE WORK The Levite traveler – the second traveler Edward Hughes adapts the parable for who ignores the man lying on the a young audience, ground beat to death. CHARACTER ANALYSIS CULTURAL IMPLICATION Jesus – the one who is telling three Breaking Social Barriers: stories. Redefining "Neighbor" Jewish People – Jesus’ listeners Redefining "Neighbor" The Father - the central figure Universal Moral Lesson representing unconditional love and forgiveness. SYMBOLS The Jewish man The Robbers – The Priest and the Levite – The Samaritan THEMES It’s not about what you believe, what your religion or culture, it’s about being humane Love our neighbors as ourselves IMPLICATION OF THE TITLE The title "The Good Samaritan" encapsulates a profound moral lesson about compassion and ethical behavior. “THE BOOK OF GENESIS” GENESIS, the first book of the bible AUTHOR’S BG THE AUTHORSHIP OF GENESIS IS TRADITIONALLY ASCRIBED TO MOSES, WHI COMPILED AND EDITED IT CHARACTER ANALYSIS GOD- the creator Adam- the first human, created by god from dust Eve- The first woman Serpent- a cunning creature that tempts eve to eat the forbidden fruit Cain- adam and eve’s first son Abel- second son who is murdered by his brother cain CULTURAL IMPLICATION It forms the basis of Judeo-christian beliefs about creation, human nature, morality, and the divine-human relationship IMPLICATION OF THE TITLE “GENESIS” means “beginning” or “origin” reflecting the book’s focus on the origin of the world.