PSY 201 Outline of Topics for Final PDF

PSV 201 Outline of Topics for Final Syr1apse Occ1pital Lobe Acetylcho line Thalamus Corpus Collosum Axon Ar11ygdala Habituat ion The social clock Erik Erickson Attachm ent - how it is used...

PSV 201 Outline of Topics for Final Syr1apse Occ1pital Lobe Acetylcho line Thalamus Corpus Collosum Axon Ar11ygdala Habituat ion The social clock Erik Erickson Attachm ent - how it is used to study young infants. Concrete Operational Jean Piaget -Assimil ation and Accommodation Post Conventional 3 major compone nts of a neuron and explain their function - how they work together, in what order, to carry out an action potential. Teratogen Generalization/Discrimination/Extinction Positive/Negative Punishment/Reinforcernent Albert Bandura and what type of learning he studied. Deep/Shallow Processing Effortful/Automatic Processing Mental Set Iconic/Echoic Sensory memory Long.-term potentiation Retroactive/Proactive Interference Heuristics/Algorithms Syntax Crystallized/Fluid Intelligence.Asch Conform ity Experiment Groupthink vs Group Polarizatton Soc1at l=Acilttation  Subtle Racism Superordinate Goals Social-Responsibility No rm Passionate/Cornpanionate Lov e Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Leon Festinger and associated dis com for t Elaboration Likelihood Mo de l Proximity and its relation to att rac tion Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Maturation/Gestation Carl Jung and the col lec tive un con sci ou s Forms of repression Rorschach's Ink blo t tes t Behaviorist/Humanist/Psychoan alytic/Social Cognition/Tra\t persone\\t the ori es/ the ori sts and beliefs y The Big Five Traits and wh at the y meon (OCEAN) Ca rl Rogers Sigmund Freud beliefs Factor Analysis Oedipus complex/Electra comple x Latency Stage Id/Ego/Superego (how do they each operate) AU me nta l disorders/categories discussed. ---.= iel d l:? ev iew Sh ee t§ :.=r-eud Ian Vs,,..,choloa,,..,?s~'q>~,s \~~c L.f'~~xc~v I lxP lan atlo n ~ Tre at01 ent Explanations for Psychological Disorders Freudian psychologists believed that the desires and wants of the unconscious will manifest themselves in menta l illnesses and psychological disorders. Overin dulgin g or being under- stimul ated in any phase of develo pment could cause fixation- pleasure seeking from the childhood stage in an adult person ality. Treatm ent Option s tions between Receive psychological treatm ent that con"'"l \ of interac a traine d therapist and someo ne seeking , n uv~:;~f" l.:~r persona.I~ ~~~{ lopm ent. -- ,...' ~.. _ ,.. ~..,.,. ,..., prj~itive esires of our ,~n ~~~~_....,._..,.. ·' rinine ·our beha vior t when. ~~Dr.: ~"'),~-r,...~ -a.re: aten tly repressed and \ 1 ,... '. ~, ' 1 ~ '·· l°"' mse -Und~r¥er-stimulated dutin he psychological stages '1~ , hav.lo.ral changes in adulthooti.. I ,, I -. tton. can occur causing adults to seek pleasures or m Insecurities from our childhood  a=ield l?eview §beet§:____I Coanitive f)§YChOIOl!Y G rn c&: , ,.,., ~ ~ ' t f I F '~. , " _J~ ;--~ J o r- - - - - - - - - ' A t. ' - ' 'L......--·_ ·- - - - - - - - - {,. i k' 1·M', I I I IXPlanation £ Tr-eatrnent Explanations for Psychological Disorders Cognitive psychologists believe that your thoughts/cognition affect your biochemistry. If you think positively you are less likely-to suffer from depression. If you are a pessimist and constantly ruminate over things, you may be more prone to depression and anxiety. Treatment Options Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy- Foun,!ed by Albert Ellis. Seeks to find the underlying c:v.1se of your negative thoughts. ("I'm not worthy of ulhPr men" - she has low self-esteem. Cognitive Behavior Therapy- Founded by Aa,011 Beck. Replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts. (I am worthy or compatible with other men) Evidence For and Against For: Through use of the two type of therapies, many patients have been able to think more positively or find the underlying cause of their disorders. Thus, they are able to affect their biochemistry is a positive way. Against: Even if you think positively, there are biological and physiological factors that can predispose you to depression, mood disorders, or other psychological disorders. (Biological factors- parents had it, genetic predisposition, less grey/white matter, etc.)  t=iel d 12eviel+' ihee U: Coeni tiVe J>iYCh OIOl!Y. ·:. ,. lik_.. - r' _.._ G -. ,.-...; '"f I:.,..... :: ~ ~., --..a.;,,___.~.....__ _ _ _ _ _ __ i Key Figur~~~~ A~~;lishme nts ' l\ey fiaures a n d E'eha~ ic:,- ' Lev Vygotsky: Founded Zone of Proximal Development which stated.l one can learn/accomp lish wrth optimal guidance. f. f Elirdheth Loftus: Found that framing can !mpact one s 1 t ! perception/ju dgement. (Misinform,t: ~n Effect} - Jean Piaget: Swiss development al psycnc,c 5ist that came up with i Piaget's Stages which studies the cognitive j evelopment of toddlers to j elderly. I Herman E.bbinghaus- Pioneered research ~2 52.. ding relearning and analyzjng memory data fOf' patients finding --: ost information tended I l ' to drop off quiddy. I I I / Explanations for Behavior l l They believe the way we behave is affected by our thought processes ~ such as problem sofving, knowfedge, intelligence, perception, I , memory, and thinking. 1 Applies psychological science and scanning to understand how we make decisions and perceive our world :'.l. Ji ) t' t ·~- '; "'~ ',... '. ' t ' 1 '. -t ,I t  ~~~t~ti.~~ ~~~0212&1£~1 Disorder~ ' ~'s~~fx)l"""'\'~I disorders such as depression can be developed through ~.\t~,~ s.tin,uH~ learned behaviors, or associations ,.,. ~.:.f.S'('h:'n t..9.i' t k,n s ' Countet'--- S:OAS aadde EJt ' !5~i ab,e 5'r lltt yr! P!I, - ~ u c::n· ~ acCJl!S iJOCS- a~~ cf~ ~ or ~d. ei:u e: roim m- !Qeaes GAIU8 W eqe ierta St~ a s ~ -..t.l. bS~W ::5..~ ~cyt' :s~v@ S~Q Ma:, l'.vn,.~) NP:nw ? 11 t¼ -bile~ d-.r ol aee~ zs ~ zs ~ or, S'Sf,c n.::~ ~ s.er-, ,ealzx v, ~ ~ e:at::aii i,,2Q25. 5 C,S ~IF}-;a:t5DE>Cle.Jtaec} ~~ set- ca~ Ml se!~ tioa lltJd ~ 'd W!C.£!¥€ ~ \.2iai'I rv:::w;s - driek:Q !d cew.:,...~a ~aiic ~ !he~ ~.... , ~ ~ ~ oe sor.-=q Asch Social Psychology Solotnon Asch - experiments on conformity where patients anatyzed the lengths of lines Leon Festinger - research on cognitive dissonance and changes our atttrudes to match our actions Stantey Milgram - experiment on obedience In which participants continued to inflict painful shocks when Instructed to at rates of roughty 65% across both sexes and all ages Ph11ip Zimbardo - experim ent on the impact of roles on b~havior with fake inmates and prison guards \ ~ ·i.~ ,....,_.; ~& ~!'-t..t~_ !....... de,vv of dogs to essodale I twll with food, and Learning '- t condftiO nJnl- not~ tn'C' ten.... , ~-d.s..- !YI"~ t o ' aft~ condfUo n~ them bet"'. ,c1f rondltionin&, tlnctlon r~-tr1intn1, ind leamed hefpfessness b(!1 Rcsccz1f - ,.se~ on cq~i fit.11..b Albert' - loud notses and ,furry anftNls - lost job at John fJQO - coned ~1Yk)r'5 m, g-, y JQbO I wt.ctvet1lsml )t rth'I the American CQfftt breek" H~"', d~ 10 ,,,,.,, nd worked tn , _ noted rats avoid'"& food after being made to feel n1useous l9bO Gf(dj _ ust ~ston raearch afttrHtt,W(WradiltJon)..,.._ ~haviors that foflowed by ~vorable consequences bK.ame more td«1rd Thornd kc - '~w Of eff~· hkrtvp unfM>f '~. Jess lfke-ly; ;nnuence d Skinner.-.:.r-loft _ resNrch on how reinforcers and punishments can shape behavior. ! f. S,klnnf;! - ope,ant COnu"""'"'.... fdwfrd Tgfm,o - research on latent (hidden or unintentional) teaming# such as retracing your steps noting children Albtt;!t ~ndura _ rewarch and ~Uon of observational and cognitive learning by c.opvint ~ mode~ by adults (such as hitting a toy clown when frustrate d), thus challenging the avan Pavlov n1trow ~ ol behaviorists such as Watson and Skinner Developmental Psychology Mary Ainswo rth- attachment theory research (noted the signs of r~laxation when mother was dose and stress when the mother was far or out of sight) Qiana Baumrind- research on the three parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive frit Er,kson - psychosocial development and emphasis on peer approval and relationships as opposed to parents during adolescence St;:mvnd Freud - orat, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages of develop ment on Carqt {ii!can - f~male interdependence study and ethics about female emphasis Mary Ainswo rth j rew>o,lsibtlitie.s and rel4ttonships rather than the more male-oriented morality in i fa!m""' and 1ules !li!.0 ,t barlow - ittachm ent bond and physical touch - research on monkeys to show P1 ~t"".'"~c.e for wft en.tiues over wiry o, hard entities and the psychological ~ C \J _i.:t.ance or 1!.olat~ monkey s , L~~"" "~~-~ _g - morar de~opm ent - moral rea~oning guides moral actions "W-'N Lot~r,z - ,mpr.ntt nc ciJ>d attachm ent ,~arch on animals },P4f-(~ P~!f!t:t - cocnru~ d«velopmenr fron, birth to adultho oa ~.lt-f M«pv - ~pe d reSt?.r-c1' OT\ tanguaae d~~lwm ~nt and th~ zone 0 f ~ ~~.J~ LP~ 1 C ~ b. ;., ~~ s ~t irhtt'~ when W;n~~ ,ns,rui..Uo-n O< «hd 1$ requif td) ; \ arr1,.,,ig......... *l ; -.......,;~ - - ii~-- --·  Treotn-1ent of Abnormal Behavior : 1 r t1ltin 1 1 1 n a ;; SiPW 5 l. !ill _ 223 1iiii1 et!laml..~~,ottft bthav\or therapy r11e1rch ~ tt\t ~ of n1Uon1I thoughts tlzl::t ·Jlls-~ behl~ ther1p\es end helplng to ~.nc., ~ pat\ent'11 posltNt outlook 3!QM3C& fm,d - psytholnatys\s. hypnosis (d\sm\~sed\, ~~ ~ ¥lei fT'ff IU'Otlatlon MMY ~ !Qnts- count~rcondltlon\ng research by "tGlltb.WC ~ chld to lose ~ r fe~r of furry animals b~· \· ,'"\.l£ti q..t..-C rewards whfll at a safe d\stance, gradually n..,..indose" QrJ lpftfs - humanistic client