Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy?
What is the main focus of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy?
- To change physiological factors causing disorders
- To analyze biological predispositions to depression
- To provide medication for psychological disorders
- To discover and address negative thought patterns (correct)
Which statement best describes a belief held by cognitive psychologists regarding depression?
Which statement best describes a belief held by cognitive psychologists regarding depression?
- Therapeutic interventions have no effect on biochemistry
- Only biological factors contribute to depression risk
- Positive thinking guarantees freedom from depression
- Negative thoughts can worsen one's psychological state (correct)
According to the evidence against cognitive therapies, what other factors contribute to psychological disorders?
According to the evidence against cognitive therapies, what other factors contribute to psychological disorders?
- Unique life experiences and personal choices
- Genetic predispositions and biological factors (correct)
- An individual’s level of education and intelligence
- Lack of support from therapeutic interventions
What therapeutic approach did Aaron Beck develop?
What therapeutic approach did Aaron Beck develop?
What outcome is associated with successful cognitive therapies?
What outcome is associated with successful cognitive therapies?
What concept is Solomon Asch primarily associated with?
What concept is Solomon Asch primarily associated with?
Which of the following researchers conducted experiments related to obedience?
Which of the following researchers conducted experiments related to obedience?
Leon Festinger's research contributes to which psychological concept?
Leon Festinger's research contributes to which psychological concept?
What was the focus of Philip Zimbardo's experiments?
What was the focus of Philip Zimbardo's experiments?
In Milgram's obedience experiments, what percentage of participants administered high levels of shocks?
In Milgram's obedience experiments, what percentage of participants administered high levels of shocks?
What concept did Lev Vygotsky introduce that emphasizes the importance of guidance in learning?
What concept did Lev Vygotsky introduce that emphasizes the importance of guidance in learning?
Which researcher is known for studying the impact of framing on perception and judgment?
Which researcher is known for studying the impact of framing on perception and judgment?
What psychological concept does Jean Piaget's theory focus on?
What psychological concept does Jean Piaget's theory focus on?
What did Hermann Ebbinghaus primarily research in psychology?
What did Hermann Ebbinghaus primarily research in psychology?
Which of the following best describes how thought processes affect behavior according to the content?
Which of the following best describes how thought processes affect behavior according to the content?
In the context of psychological science, what is emphasized in understanding decision-making and perception?
In the context of psychological science, what is emphasized in understanding decision-making and perception?
Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with memory according to Ebbinghaus's findings?
Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with memory according to Ebbinghaus's findings?
What does the Misinformation Effect suggest about memory?
What does the Misinformation Effect suggest about memory?
What can lead to the development of disorders like depression?
What can lead to the development of disorders like depression?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the development of disorders?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the development of disorders?
What is a common misconception regarding the causes of depression?
What is a common misconception regarding the causes of depression?
Which statement is true concerning the causes of psychological disorders?
Which statement is true concerning the causes of psychological disorders?
Which of the following statements about depression is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about depression is incorrect?
What type of behaviors often contribute to the onset of disorders?
What type of behaviors often contribute to the onset of disorders?
When addressing psychological disorders, which aspect is critical to consider?
When addressing psychological disorders, which aspect is critical to consider?
Which of the following is a factor in the misunderstanding of depression's origins?
Which of the following is a factor in the misunderstanding of depression's origins?
What are the three major components of a neuron and their functions in facilitating an action potential?
What are the three major components of a neuron and their functions in facilitating an action potential?
Which of the following best describes Erik Erikson's theory?
Which of the following best describes Erik Erikson's theory?
Which term refers to the ability to focus and maintain attention during learning?
Which term refers to the ability to focus and maintain attention during learning?
What is the primary focus of cognitive behavioral therapy?
What is the primary focus of cognitive behavioral therapy?
In the context of social psychology, what distinguishes groupthink from group polarization?
In the context of social psychology, what distinguishes groupthink from group polarization?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion of the Big Five personality traits?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion of the Big Five personality traits?
Which attachment style is characterized by a lack of emotional bond and fear of closeness?
Which attachment style is characterized by a lack of emotional bond and fear of closeness?
What is the primary purpose of heuristics in problem-solving?
What is the primary purpose of heuristics in problem-solving?
Which concept explains behaviors that are followed by favorable consequences becoming more likely to occur?
Which concept explains behaviors that are followed by favorable consequences becoming more likely to occur?
What does Mary Ainsworth's research primarily focus on?
What does Mary Ainsworth's research primarily focus on?
Which of the following parenting styles is characterized by high demand and low responsiveness?
Which of the following parenting styles is characterized by high demand and low responsiveness?
What aspect of development does Erik Erikson emphasize during adolescence?
What aspect of development does Erik Erikson emphasize during adolescence?
What type of learning involves learning by observing others?
What type of learning involves learning by observing others?
Which researcher is known for studying attachment bonds using monkeys?
Which researcher is known for studying attachment bonds using monkeys?
What does the term 'latent learning' refer to?
What does the term 'latent learning' refer to?
Which stage of Freud's psychosocial development is concerned with the development of sexual identity?
Which stage of Freud's psychosocial development is concerned with the development of sexual identity?
What is the focus of Kenneth Gergen's research mentioned in the content?
What is the focus of Kenneth Gergen's research mentioned in the content?
Which process refers to reinforcement and punishment shaping behavior as highlighted by B.F. Skinner?
Which process refers to reinforcement and punishment shaping behavior as highlighted by B.F. Skinner?
Flashcards
Neuron's 3 major components and function
Neuron's 3 major components and function
Neurons have three main parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon. Dendrites receive signals, the cell body processes them, and the axon transmits them. They work together to create action potentials.
Action Potential
Action Potential
A rapid change in electrical potential across a neuron's membrane, allowing for the transmission of signals.
Erikson's Stages
Erikson's Stages
A theory of psychosocial development that identifies eight stages from infancy to adulthood, each characterized by a specific conflict or crisis.
Jean Piaget's Assimilation
Jean Piaget's Assimilation
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Albert Bandura's learning
Albert Bandura's learning
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Teratogen
Teratogen
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
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Social Cognitive Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
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Cognitive Psychology's effect on thoughts and biochemistry
Cognitive Psychology's effect on thoughts and biochemistry
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Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
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Evidence for Cognitive Therapies
Evidence for Cognitive Therapies
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Limitations of Cognitive Therapies
Limitations of Cognitive Therapies
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Zone of Proximal Development
Zone of Proximal Development
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Framing Effect
Framing Effect
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Piaget's Stages
Piaget's Stages
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Memory Decay
Memory Decay
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Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
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Information Processing
Information Processing
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Misinformation Effect
Misinformation Effect
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Relearning
Relearning
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Asch's Conformity Experiment
Asch's Conformity Experiment
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Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
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Milgram's Obedience Experiment
Milgram's Obedience Experiment
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Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment
Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Learned Helplessness
Learned Helplessness
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Attachment Theory
Attachment Theory
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Parenting Styles
Parenting Styles
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Psychosocial Development
Psychosocial Development
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Moral Development
Moral Development
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Imprinting
Imprinting
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Cognitive Development
Cognitive Development
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Learned Disorders
Learned Disorders
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What are some examples of learned disorders?
What are some examples of learned disorders?
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What are some mechanisms for learning?
What are some mechanisms for learning?
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How does classical conditioning work?
How does classical conditioning work?
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How does operant conditioning work?
How does operant conditioning work?
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How does observational learning work?
How does observational learning work?
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How can learned behaviors impact mental health?
How can learned behaviors impact mental health?
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What does 'st.in,uH~ learned behaviors' mean?
What does 'st.in,uH~ learned behaviors' mean?
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Study Notes
PSY 201 Final Exam Topics
- Synapse: Basic unit of communication between neurons.
- Occipital Lobe: Visual processing area in the brain.
- Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter crucial for various functions.
- Thalamus: Relay station for sensory information.
- Corpus Callosum: Connects the two hemispheres of the brain.
- Axon: Part of a neuron that transmits signals away from the cell body.
- Amygdala: Brain structure involved in emotions, particularly fear.
- Habituation: Decreased response to repeated stimuli.
- The Social Clock: Societal expectations for major life events.
- Erik Erikson: Stage theory of psychosocial development.
- Attachment: How infants form relationships with caregivers.
- Concrete Operational: Stage of cognitive development (Piaget).
- Jean Piaget: Cognitive theorist, assimilation, accommodation.
- Post Conventional: Stage of moral development (Piaget).
- Neurons: 3 major components: dendrites, cell body, axon. Explain their function and action potential.
- Teratogens: Agents that can cause birth defects.
- Generalization: Learning that a response applies to similar stimuli.
- Discrimination: Learning to distinguish between similar but different stimuli.
- Extinction: Weakening of a conditioned response through lack of reinforcement.
- Positive Reinforcement: Increases a behavior by providing a desirable stimulus.
- Negative Reinforcement: Strengthens a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus.
- Punishment: Weakening of a behavior through unpleasant consequences.
- Albert Bandura: Observational learning.
- Types of Learning: Studied by Albert Bandura (Modeling)
- Deep/Shallow Processing: Levels of information processing during learning.
- Effortful/Automatic Processing: Different ways to process information.
- Mental Set: Tendency to approach a problem in a certain way.
- Iconic/Echoic Sensory Memory: Sensory memory.
- Long-term Potentiation: Strengthening of neural connections through repeated stimulation.
- Retroactive/Proactive Interference: How past learning affects new learning.
- Heuristics/Algorithms: Problem-solving strategies.
- Syntax: Rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences.
- Crystallized/Fluid Intelligence: Types of intelligence.
- Asch Conformity Experiment: Conformity study.
- Groupthink vs Group Polarization: Group behavior
- Social Facilitation: Enhancement of performance in the presence of others.
- Subtle Racism: Subtle forms of prejudice and discrimination.
- Superordinate Goals: Shared goals that motivate people to cooperate.
- Social Responsibility Norm: Helping others in need.
- Passionate/Companionate Love: Different types of love.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Treatment approach focused on thoughts and behaviors.
- Leon Festinger: Cognitive dissonance.
- Elaboration Likelihood Model: Model of persuasion.
- Proximity: Factor influencing attraction.
- Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs.
- Maturation/Gestation: Biological/developmental process
- Carl Jung: Collective unconscious; archetypes
- Carl Rogers: Humanistic perspective
- Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalytic perspectives, various theories
- Factor Analysis: Statistical technique used in personality analysis
- Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex: Psychoanalytic concepts involving family dynamics.
- Latency Stage (Freud): Psychoanalytic developmental stage
- Id/Ego/Superego: Psychoanalytic concepts defining personality
- Mental Disorders: All mental disorders and categories will be discussed.
- Classical Conditioning: Learning through association
- Counter Conditioning: Invoking new responses to stimuli (unwanted behavior)
- Exposure Therapy: Gradually exposing someone to feared stimuli.
- Systematic Desensitization: Relaxing association with fearful stimuli (anxiety)
- Aversive Conditioning: Creating an unpleasant association with an unwanted behavior
- Token Economy: Use of tokens for good behavior reinforcement
- Baby Albert Experiment: Study on classical conditioning.
- Ivan Pavlov: Discovered classical conditioning.
- John B. Watson: Behaviorist; conditioned 'Baby Albert'.
- B.F. Skinner: Researcher on operant conditioning.
- Cognitive Psychology Explanations and Treatment: Cognitions affect biochemistry.
- Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy: Therapy founded by Albert Ellis.
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Therapy founded by Aaron Beck
- Evolutionary Psychology: Focuses on role of evolution in behavior.
- Evolutionary Disadvantage : Factors that reduce chances of survival or propagation
- Evolutionary advantage: Factors that raise chances of survival, survival & procreation
- Sociocultural Influences: Influence of society and culture on development
- Zimbardo Prison Study Experiment: Impact of social roles and situational factors on behavior.
- Asch Conformity Experiment: Conformity to group pressure in decision-making process,
- Milgram Obedience Experiment: Obedience to authority.
- Chinese/Canadian Experiment: Cultural influence on cognitive processes and behavior
- Explanations for Behavior: Influences of society and culture (roles, conformity, and presence of other). Cultural impact on responses, attitudes, and thinking/behavior.
- Treatment of Abnormal Behavior: Various therapies, rational-emotive behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapies, psychoanalysis, counter-conditioning, humanistic therapy, and systematic desensitization.
- Humanistic Psychology: Focuses on individual potential and free will, self-actualization and hierarchy of needs
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Description
Prepare for your PSY 201 final exam with this comprehensive quiz covering essential topics such as synapses, the occipital lobe, neurotransmitters, and stages of development. Test your knowledge on key concepts like attachment, cognitive theories, and the social clock. This quiz is designed to help reinforce your understanding of psychology fundamentals.
