Addison Learn - Unit 9 Global Change Exam Review PDF

Unit 9 Global Change Exam Review Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Reducing Ozone Depletion 1) What is the molecular formula for ozone? 2) In the box below, write out a series of chemical equations that illustrate the destruction of the ozone in...

Unit 9 Global Change Exam Review Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Reducing Ozone Depletion 1) What is the molecular formula for ozone? 2) In the box below, write out a series of chemical equations that illustrate the destruction of the ozone in the ozone layer. 3) Why do we need ozone in the stratosphere? 4) CFC stands for _______________________________________,which are: 5) What is an HCFC? Is this a suitable replacement for a CFC? Why/why not? 6) What does increased exposure to UV light do to humans and the environment? Describe two for each. The Greenhouse Effect 7) Strengthen this weak statement: “Fossil fuel use releases carbon dioxide, which causes the greenhouse effect.” 8) What are the principal greenhouse gases? Why is water not a significant greenhouse gas? 9) What gases have the highest global warming potential (GWP)? The lowest GWP? 10) How does the greenhouse effect work? Increases in Greenhouse Gases 11) Describe the trend in global greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution. Global Climate Change 12) Increasing temperatures will cause melting permafrost and sea levels rising. Why is this a problem? 13) How is flooding caused by global climate change? 14) How are winds affected by global climate change? 15) How are oceanic currents affected by global climate change? 16) Why could more erosion occur with global climate change? 17) What is albedo? How will this be affected by a change in global temperatures? 18) How would global climate change lead to more emissions of methane in the atmosphere? 19) List three things you could do to decrease your contribution to global climate change. Ocean Warming 20) How does ocean warming lead to coral bleaching? 21) How does ocean warming lead to changes in marine metabolic and reproductive processes? Ocean Acidification 22) Explain the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification. 23) How do humans increase the mount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? 24) Why is ocean acidification harmful to organisms that have shells in the ocean? Invasive Species 25) What is an invasive species? Why are they harmful? 26) Are invasive species r or k selected species? 27) Describe any invasive species that we learned in class. Why were they successful? What are some human intervention approaches used to control the invasive species? Endangered Species 28) Compare threatened to endangered to extinct. Give an example of each in the United States. 29) What human activities lead organisms to become endangered? 30) What are some intrinsic characteristics of endangered species that makes it difficult for them to rebound in a changed environment? 31) A company is importing rare tropical hardwood to manufacture furniture, list three laws, regulations, treaties, or acts that the company may have violated. 32) How can we protect endangered species? Describe two methods. 33) Strengthen this weak statement: “Protecting endangered species like the Giant Panda costs too much and should be stopped.” Human Impacts on Biodiversity 34) Fill in the table with HIPPCO. For each letter, describe what it stands for and give an example. Letter Define Example H I P P C O 35) What is habitat fragmentation? How does it occur? What does it do to populations of organisms? Sample FRQ’s 36) The American whooping crane and the California condor are two of North America’s largest birds. Although both are rare and endangered, they are protected, and large preserves are available for them. The two species, however, seem to be responding differently to these conservation efforts. In 1937, the whooping crane population was reduced to 14 individuals. It has since recovered; currently more than 200 birds live and breed in the wild. In the preservation of endangered species, the whooping crane is a success story. On the other hand, the California condor population declined rapidly so that no birds remained in the wild between 1987 and 1992. Condors were reintroduced into the wild after 1992 and approximately 50 condors currently live in the wild in California and Arizona. However, the recovery program cannot yet be considered a success. (a) Identify and describe TWO major causes for the original decline of these species. (You may describe one cause for each species or two causes for one species.) (b) Describe TWO measures that have been taken to protect these species. (Specify which of the species benefited from each measure.) (c) Describe TWO important characteristics of an endangered species that would cause it to be slow to recover. (d) Make one economic or ecological argument for protecting the condor, the whooping crane, or another endangered species that you identify and make one economic or ecological argument against protecting it. Modified by A. Willis from David Hong’s AP Environmental Science Review Packets (Diamond Bar HS), 2020. FRQ’s are College Board Released. Unit 9 Global Change Review Videos Mr. Andersen, Bozeman Biology 033 - Stratospheric Ozone 034 - Global Climate Change 035 - Loss of Biodiversity Ted Ed Climate Change: Earth’s Tetris: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztWHqUFJRTs Can Wildlife Adapt to CC? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCKRjP_DMII Protecting Endangered Species: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7MeCPfaPR0 How we Brought the Condor back: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ5EulDofdQ The Threat of Invasive Species: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spTWwqVP_2s&t=14s National Geographic Global Climate Change with Bill Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtW2rrLHs08 Causes and Effects of GCC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4H1N_yXBiA Climate 101: Ozone Depletion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aU6pxSNDPhs Invasive Species 101: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYNAtw1c7hI Barron’s Review Chapters, 7th Edition Chapter 11: Stratospheric Ozone and Global Warming (Page 377) Unit 9 Global Change Vocabulary 1.Ecosystem – a natural community of plants, animals, and other organisms and the physical environment in which they live and interact. 2.Habitat – the place in the environment where a plant or animal lives. 3.Atmosphere – a mixture of gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, that surrounds the Earth. 4.Weather – the current conditions of the atmosphere at a particular place and time. Some characteristics of weather are temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, wind, and atmospheric pressure. Weather conditions are temporary and change frequently. 5.Precipitation – any moisture that falls to Earth, such as rain, snow, hail, sleet, or mist. 6.Climate – the pattern of weather over a long period of time. Weather patterns for about 30 years can be used to describe the climate of a particular place. 7.Global Climate – the average climate of the entire Earth. 8.Climate Change – a significant change in the climate over time. 9.Fossil Fuel – an energy-rich substance type of fuel that is created from dead plant and animal material trapped between layers of rock deep within the Earth. Over millions of years, heat and pressure transform this material into fossil fuels. Some examples of fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. Humans burn fossil fuels to make energy. When fossil fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. 10.Coal – a dark-colored rock that is mined from the Earth’s surface and can be burned to create energy. Coal is a type of fossil fuel. 11.Oil – a dark-colored liquid that can be found deep in the Earth. It can be refined to make gasoline, diesel, asphalt, and plastics. Oil is a type of fossil fuel. 12.Natural Gas – an odorless, colorless gas found in the Earth. Natural gas is a type of fossil fuel. 13.Greenhouse Gas – a natural or human-made gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. Examples of greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. 14.Water Vapor – water that is present in the atmosphere as gas. Water vapor is an example of a greenhouse gas. 15.Carbon Dioxide – a colorless, odorless gas that is released from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Carbon dioxide is an example of a greenhouse gas. 16.Methane – a colorless, odorless gas that is produced when plants, animals, and garbage decay. It is produced naturally and as a result of people’s activities. Methane is the most abundant greenhouse gas. 17.Ozone – a gas made up of three atoms of oxygen bonded together. Ozone high in the atmosphere protects the Earth’s surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Close to earth, ozone is a pollutant created from other pollutants that react with each other. Ozone can cause health problems in humans. It is an example of a greenhouse gas. 18.Ultraviolet Radiation – a type of invisible radiation that is released by the sun. Being exposed to ultraviolet radiation can cause sunburn and sometimes skin cancer and eye damage. We use sunscreen to block ultraviolet radiation from entering our skin so that we don’t get sunburned or skin cancer. 19.Greenhouse Effect – the process by which greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun and reflect it back to Earth rather than letting it leave the planet. 20.Global Warming – when more and more greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere, they trap more and more heat near the Earth’s surface. As more heat is held within the Earth’s atmosphere, the temperature near the Earth’s surface gradually warms up. This is called global warming. In other words, global warming occurs when there is “too much” of the greenhouse effect. Although the overall global temperature is warming, some places on the Earth may experience different climate changes. It takes an enormous amount of energy (heat) to change the climate of the whole planet. 21.Adaptation – human actions that respond to climate change in a way that minimizes its effects on ecosystems and on humans. For example, if the climate is getting warmer, we might wear light-weight clothing more often in order to adapt to an increase in hot weather. 22.Mitigation – taking actions in order to decrease the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. For example, we might drive an electric car instead of a gas-powered car so that less carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. 23.Carbon footprint – the total amount of greenhouse gases released by a person, family, building, organization, or company each year. A person’s carbon footprint includes the amount of greenhouse gases released from direct use (such as heating a home or driving a car) and from indirect use (such as the amount of fuel needed to produce a good or a service). 24.Renewable Resource – a natural resource that can be made or regrown as fast as it is being used. Some examples are wind power or solar energy, which are both used to make electricity. Fossil fuels are NOT renewable resources because they take millions of years to make, and we are burning them more quickly than they are being formed. 25.Extreme Weather Event – severe weather such as a blizzard, tornado, severe thunderstorm, or heat wave. 26.Drought – a period of unusually dry weather that causes significant shortages of water for ecosystems and for humans. 27.Infectious Disease – an illness caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or other organisms that enter and grow in the human body. Not all bacteria, viruses, and parasites that enter or live in the body cause disease. Some infectious diseases can be spread from person to person. 28.Invasive Species – a plant, animal, or other organism that does not naturally live in a particular environment but has been introduced there, often by humans. An invasive species can harm native species, ecosystems, and create problems for people. 29.Pollutant – a substance that contaminates the air or water. Pollutants can cause problems in ecosystems as well as health problems in humans. 30.Allergen – a substance that causes allergies. Examples include dust, mold, and pollen. 31.Asthma – A disease that affects people’s lungs and makes it difficult to breath. Air pollution, allergens, heavy exercise, and certain weather conditions can trigger an asthma attack. Climate Change Vocabulary Source: ‘Climate Change Vocabulary’ has been adapted from the United States Environmental Protection Agency: “A Student’s Guide to Global Climate Change: Glossary”. 9/9/2013. http://www.epa.gov/climatestudents/glossary.htmlDate Accessed: 2/6/2014.Minnesota Department of Health Climate & Health [email protected] August 20144