MIL Q3: Elements of Communication PDF

REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elements of Communication L1: INTR...

REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elements of Communication L1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND LITERACY Sender ❖​ originator of message or the Communication information source selects desired ❖​ the act or process of using words, message. sounds, signs, or behaviors to express Encoder or exchange information or to express ❖​ transmitter which converts the message your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to into signals. someone else Decoder ❖​ Process of sharing and conveying ❖​ reception place of the signal which messages or information from one converts signals into messages. A person to another within and across reverse process of encode. channels, contexts, media, and cultures. Receiver (McCornack, 2014) ❖​ destination of the message from sender Noise Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model ❖​ messages are transferred from encoder (1948): to decoder through the channel. During ​ The sender encodes the message and this process, the messages may be sends it to the receiver through a distracted or affected by physical noise technological channel like telephone or like horn sounds, thunder and crowd any gadget. The (1) sender converts the noise or encoded signals may distract in message into codes understandable to the channel during the transmission the machine. The (2) message is sent in process code through a medium then the (3) ❖​ affect the communication flow, or the receiver has to decode the message receiver may not receive the correct before understanding it and interpreting. message. ​ The channel can have noise and the Feedback receiver might not have the capacity to ❖​ your audience's response; it enables you decode which might cause problems in to evaluate the effectiveness of your the communication process. message. Information, Media and Technology Literacy Information ❖​ Processed data and/or knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals, or symbols. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Media Technology Literacy ❖​ Channels or ways we use to transmit or ❖​ The ability of an individual, either communicate messages working independently or with others, to ❖​ communication tools responsibly, appropriately, and ❖​ any physical object used to effectively use technological tools. communicate messages. ❖​ Using these tools an individual can Technology access, manage, integrate, evaluate, ❖​ Application of scientific knowledge to create and communicate information. the practical aims of human life or to ❖​ Skills to responsibly use appropriate change and manipulate the human technology to access, synthesize, environment evaluate, communicate, and create Literacy information to solve problems and ❖​ The ability to identify, understand, improve learning in all subject areas interpret, create, communicate and Media and Information Literacy compute, using printed and written ❖​ The essential skills and competencies materials associated with varying that allow individuals to engage with contexts. media and other information providers ❖​ a continuum of learning, wherein effectively, as well as develop critical individuals are able to achieve their thinking and life-long learning skills to goals, develop their knowledge and socialize and become active citizens. potential, and participate fully in their ❖​ Combination of knowledge, attitudes, community and wider society. skills, and practices required to access, Media Literacy analyze, evaluate, use, produce, and ❖​ The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, communicate information and communicate and create media in a knowledge in creative, legal and ethical variety of forms. ways that respect human rights. ❖​ Includes print and nonprint message ❖​ is a “set of competencies to search ❖​ ability to synthesize & produce mediated critically evaluate, use, and contribute messages information and media content wisely; ❖​ It aims to empower citizens by providing knowledge of one’s rights online; them with the competencies understanding how to combat online (knowledge and skills) necessary to hate speech and cyberbullying; engage with traditional media and new understanding of ethical issues technologies. surrounding the access and use of Information Literacy information; and engage with media and ❖​ The ability to recognize when ICTs to promote equality, free information is needed expression, intercultural/interreligious ❖​ the ability to locate, evaluate, and dialogue, peace, etc.” (UNESCO, 2016) effectively communicate information in its various formats. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rules of Netiquette 4.​ Respect other people's time and bandwidth NETIQUETTE ​ When you send an email or post -​ Is short for "internet etiquette." Just like to a discussion group, you're etiquette is a code of polite behavior in taking up other people's time (or society, netiquette is a code of good hoping to). It's your responsibility behavior on the internet. to ensure that the time they -​ includes several aspects of the internet, spend reading your posting isn't such as email, social media, online chat, wasted. web forums, website comments, 5.​ Make yourself look good online multiplayer gaming, and other types of ​ Pay attention to the content of online communication. your writing. Be sure you know what you're talking about and 10 Rules of Netiquette make sense. Be pleasant and 1.​ Remember the human polite. Don't use offensive ​ The golden rule your parents and language, and don't be your kindergarten teacher taught confrontational for the sake of you was simple: Do unto others confrontation. as you'd have others do unto 6.​ Share expert knowledge you. Imagine how you'd feel if ​ The strength of cyberspace is in you were in the other person's its numbers. The reason how shoes. Stand up for yourself but asking questions online works is try not to hurt people's feelings. that a lot of knowledgeable 2.​ Know where you are in cyberspace people are reading the ​ Lurk before you leap when you questions. And if even a few of enter a domain of cyberspace them offer intelligent answers, that's new to you, look around. the sum total of world Spend a while listening to the knowledge increases. chat or reading the archives. Get 7.​ Help keep flame wars under control a sense of how the people who ​ “Flaming" is what people do are already there act. when they express a strongly 3.​ Adhere to the same standards of held opinion without holding behavior online that you follow in real back any emotion. It's the kind of life message that makes people ​ If you encounter an ethical respond, "Oh come on, tell us dilemma in cyberspace, consult how you really feel". the code you follow in real life. 8.​ Respect other people's privacy Chances are good, you'll find the ​ You'd never dream of going answer through your colleagues' desk drawers. So naturally you wouldn't read their email either. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unfortunately, a lot of people Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) would. 9.​ Don't abuse your power ​ fire discovery ​ Some people in cyberspace have ○​ 4.5 million years ago, Early more power than others. Experts hominids discovered fire. in every office, and system ​ development of paper from plants administrators in every system ​ weapon and tools forgement with stone, but knowing more than others, or bronze, copper, and iron having more power than they do, ​ used stone tools and metals for hunting does not give them the right to and gathering take advantage of others. For ​ created prehistoric rock art example, admins should never ○​ Petroglyphs (carvings on rock) read private email. ○​ Pictographs (painted images)\ 10.​Be forgiving of other people's mistake ​ rock art served as the earliest form of ​ Everyone was a network newbie traditional media once and not everyone had the benefit of using media, so when 1.​ Cave Paintings or Parietal Art (35,000 someone makes a mistake BC) whether it's a spelling error, an Started in Eurasia and common obvious question or an subjects: animals and human hand unnecessarily long answer be stencils (blowing pigment on a hand kind about it. If you decide to held to the wall) inform someone of a mistake, ​ Famous examples: point it out politely, and ○​ Altamira (northern Spain) preferably by private email rather - first Paleolithic cave than in public. Give people the painting identified. benefit of the doubt. ○​ Lascaux (Dordogne, France) - created around L2: THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA 20,000 years ago. TO NEW MEDIA ​ Materials: pigments like ochre, charcoal, and minerals mixed Importance of Media with animal fat or blood. 1.​ Entertaining and providing an outlet for ​ Techniques: applied using the imagination fingers, animal hair brushes, or 2.​ Educating and informing blowing pigment through hollow 3.​ Serving as a public forum for the bones. discussion of important issues ​ Uses: 4.​ Acting as a watchdog for government, ○​ Communication business, and other institutions ○​ Rituals/Ceremonies ○​ Shamanic Practices ○​ Storytelling/Recording __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ○​ Record-keeping for economic transactions, legal documents, and administrative records ○​ Writing literature ○​ In the Ancient Near East - Known as Akkadian ṭuppu(m) and were 2.Clay Tablets in Mesopotamia (2,400 used throughout the Bronze Age BC) and into the Iron Age. ​ Clay tablets were used by ○​ Role in Mesopotamian Society - ancient Mesopotamians to Primary means of storing and record history, daily life, and transmitting information; transactions. essential for the development of ​ Material: made from clay, which the economy, legal system, was flexible and durable in harsh literature, and education. environments. ​ Writing system: CUNEIFORM, the earliest writing system, was a partial syllabic script that evolved from pictograms. ​ Languages: Sumerian and Akkadian 3. Papyrus in Egypt (2,500 BC) ​ Writing tool: Stylus, often made ​ First used around 2,900 BC in of reed Egypt, with widespread use ​ Preservation: beginning by 2,500 BC ○​ Some tablets were ​ Made from papyrus plant, which air-dried, making them grows in the Nile Delta fragile. ○​ Stalks were harvested, ○​ These unfired tablets cut into strips, and laid in could be recycled by overlapping layers. soaking in water to create ○​ Layers were pressed and new ones. dried to form sheets. ○​ Some tablets were fired ​ Durable and smooth surface in kilns, becoming hard ​ Used to create scrolls and durable. ​ Uses: ​ Archives and Libraries: ○​ Papyrus was the ○​ formed the first archives dominant writing and libraries, with tens of material in ancient Egypt. thousands of tablets, including many ○​ Recorded administrative records, fragments, discovered in religious texts, and legal the Middle East. documents. ​ Uses: __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ○​ Preserved cultural and ○​ Merchants used it for printed intellectual heritage through advertisements and legal laws, rituals, and stories. contracts. ○​ Used for medical texts, scientific ○​ Book Production: revolutionized treatises, and the Egyptian Book the creation of books, of the Dead manuscripts, and other written ○​ Adopted by ancient Greece and materials. Rome ○​ Social and Cultural Influence Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) 4. Printing Press using Wood Blocks (220 AD) ​ First developed in China during ​ usage of the power of steam the Han dynasty ​ development of machine tools ​ Perfected during the Tang ​ establishment of iron production Dynasty (618-906 AD) ​ manufacturing of various products ​ How it works: ○​ Entire text or image is 1.​ Printing Press (1440) carved into a wooden ​ Was invented by Johannes block Gutenberg in Germany ○​ Block is inked and ​ Facilitated the wide pressed onto paper or dissemination of knowledge in fabric the Renaissance, Reformation, ​ Historical Example: The and the Scientific Revolution Diamond Sutra (868 AD) is the ​ Made copying books faster and earliest surviving cheaper woodblock-printed text ​ By the Song Dynasty (960-1270 AD), woodblock printing had spread across East Asia which used to produce books and artwork. ​ Uses: 2.​ Typewriter (1867) ○​ Enabled mass production of ​ Constructed by Christopher religious texts Latham Sholes in the US ○​ Used by the Chinese government ​ Can only write in capital letters for official documents and ​ Shift keys were added in 1878 records. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ​ The first electric typewriter was ​ They were utilized in created by Thomas Edison in minicomputers and a few early 1872 desktop calculators ​ Brought significant advancements to writing and communication 5. Motion Picture with Sound ​ On February 27, 1888, Eadweard 3.Telegraph (1700s) Muybridge proposed a scheme ​ By 1798, a rough system of for sound cinema that would telegraph was used in France combine his image-casting ​ Samuel Morse began working on zoopraxiscope with Thomas his version of the telegraph 1832 Edison’s recorded-sound ○​ He developed Morse technology​ Code in 1835 and ○​ The 2 devices were presented it to the U.S. brought together as the Congress by 1838 Kinetophone in 1895 ​ Printing remained the key format ​ It gave filmmakers a whole new for mass messages, but medium, on as deeply affective telegraph allowed instant and expressive as images, with communication over vast which to craft their stories. distances for the first time in ​ Films became longer human history 4. Punch Card (1880s) Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) ​ It was first used to program looms and other cloth-making ​ invention of the transistor ushered in equipment electronic age ​ Invented by Herman Hollerith ​ harnessing of the power of transistors ​ Over 20 years later, it became a prominent product of the 1.​ Transistor Radio (1954) company that would eventually ​ Introduced by Texas Instruments and become IBM Industrial Development Engineering __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Associates (IDEA) with the Regency videos, or presentations from a TR-1 computer or other devices ​ Enabled widespread access to music, ○​ Input Material: Digital news, and live broadcasts, especially input from devices during the rock-and-roll era ○​ Projection Technology: ​ It uses transistors instead of vacuum Uses liquid crystal tubes sto amplify radio signals displays and prisms to ​ Types: project digital images ​ Amplitude Modulated (AM) ○​ Image Quality: High Radio ○​ Types of Content: ​ Frequency Modulated (FM) Dynamic content Radio ​ Shortwave Radios 3.​ Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) (1949) ​ Designed by a team led by Maurice Wilkes ​ Its first successful program ran on 6th May 1949, at the Cambridge University 2.​ Overhead Projectors (OHP) and LCD Mathematical Laboratory Projectors ​ EDSAC’s reliance on mercury ​ OHP: a simple device to project delay lines and vacuum tubes images or text printed on represented cutting-edge transparencies onto a screen or technology for its time. wall ​ The use of symbolic assembly ○​ Input Material: Printed or language simplified written on clear sheets programming, making the ○​ Projection Technology: machine more accessible to Uses a light bulb, lens, researchers. and mirror to magnify ​ SPECS: transparency ○​ Memory: Initially featured ○​ Image Quality: Low to 512 17-bit words of Medium memory, stored in ○​ Types of Content: Static mercury delay lines; images or text upgraded in 1952 to 1,024 17-bit words. ○​ Input/Output: Utilized five-hole punched tape for input and a teleprinter for output. ○​ Processing: Employed ​ LCD: a more advanced device approximately 3,000 that displays digital images, __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ thermionic valves ○​ Read 7,200 decimal digits per (vacuum tubes) for second, making it the fastest computation. business machine of its time. 4.​ Universal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC) ​ Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, who 5.​ Apple 1 (1976) previously developed the ENIAC ​ Designed by Steve Woziak as a ​ It was intended to be a personal project. commercial data-processing ○​ Steve Jobs recognized its computer to replace commercial potential and punched-card accounting proposed selling the machines computer ​ The first UNIVAC was delivered ​ Debuted on April 1, 1976 at the to the U.S. Census Bureau on Homebrew Computer Club in March 31, 1951, and dedicated Palo Alto, California on June 14, 1951. ○​ Priced at $666.66 ​ Famously predicted the outcome ​ SPECS:​ of the 1952 U.S. presidential ○​ It featured a single-board election, forecasting design with a MOS Einsenshower’s victory with a Technology 6502 sample of just 5.5% of the voter microprocessor. turnout. ○​ Came with 4 KB of ​ SPECS: memory, expandable to 8 ○​ Utilized approximately KB or 48 KB. 5,000 vacuum tubes for ○​ Included a built-in video computation. terminal, allowing users ○​ Employed mercury delay to connect to a standard lines for memory storage, television for display enhancing processing speed ○​ Occupied a space of about 14.5 by 7.5 by 9 feet. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ output. ​ A platform suitable for blogs, businesses, and e-commerce sites. 3.​ Friendster (2002) Information Age (1900s-2000s) ​ Allowed users to connect with ​ Internet paved the way for faster friends and share content communication ​ Shutted down in 2011 ​ creation of the social network ​ Its features consist of networking, communication, 1.​ Blogspot (August 1999) photo sharing, groups, activity ​ Blogspot is also known as feed, profile creation and status Blogger updates which are now common ​ It is a free blogging platform in the modern social networks. owned by Google ​ How to use Friendster: ​ It offers customizable templates, 1.​ Create your own account easy integration with Google 2.​ Add photos and video services, ability to create, edit, 3.​ Post messages share texts, images, videos, and 4.​ Write a blog other multimedia. 5.​ Write reviews of music ○​ Users can interact with their and movies audience and can earn money 6.​ Create an avatar through different Google tools 4. Multiply (2004) ​ Initially focused on social 2.​ Wordpress (May 2003) networking but later transitioned ​ Used for creating a wide range to a shopping and e-commerce of websites such as blogs and platform before shutting down in e-commerce sites. 2013 ​ It has security features, ​ This platform offers multimedia multilingual support, sharing, blogging, social e-commerce integrations, and is networking, customizable pages, highly customizable with themes and e-commerce features. and plugins. ​ How to use Multiply: __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.​ Select the content you ​ It is known for its freedom to want to repeat. share diverse content and create 2.​ Set the schedule for the a vibrant community content. 3.​ Customize the content. 7. Facebook (2004) ​ Launched by Mark Zuckerberg ​ People can do live streaming, advertising, buy or sell goods 5. Mosaic Browser (1993) within the local community, and ​ Played a critical role in creative events popularizing the World Wide ​ During its early launch, it was Web only exclusive to Harvard ​ It is known for its user-friendly students. interface, supporting both text and images, which helped lay the foundation for modern web browsers. ​ Moreover, it offers features such as basic web navigation, L3: TYPES OF multi-tab browsing and HTML MEDIA support. ​ It is also compatible on multiple 1.​ Print Media operating systems including ​ consisting of paper and ink, Windows and Mac. reproduced in a printing process ​ It helped establish the that is traditionally mechanical. foundation for modern browsers Examples: Newspapers, magazines, like Internet Explorer. flyers, posters, billboard, etc. 2.​ Broadcast Media ​ reaches target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium. Examples: Radio stations (A.M. and 6. Tumblr (2007) F.M.), TV stations and film or cinema. ​ A microblogging and social 3.​ New Media networking platform ​ terms used to integrate different ​ Allowed users to post technologies emerging on one multimedia content digital platform to organize and ​ Known for its creative, diverse distribute content. communities and customizable Examples: Metaverse, Google, Youtube, blogs Facebook, etc. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ -​ Media Convergence 4.​ Cultivation Theory ​ The merging of different equipment and -​ George Gerbner tools for producing and distributing news -​ States that media exposure, through digitization and computer network. It specifically to television, shapes allows media to be produced and distributed on our social reality by giving us a multiple devices. distorted view on the amount of violence and risk in the world. Mass Media - refers to channels of communication that involve transmitting MTRCB (Movie and Television Review information in some way, shape or form to large Classification Board) - is the government numbers of people. agency responsible for rating television programs and films in the Philippines. Media Effect Movie Classification Ratings Media Effects - are the intended or unintended G - Viewers of all ages are admitted. consequences of what the mass media does PG - Viewers below 13 years old must be accompanied by a parent or supervising adult. 1.​ Third- Party Theory R-13 - Only viewers who are 13 years old and -​ Officially introduced in Public above can be admitted. Opinion Quarterly in 1983 by R-16 - Only viewers who are 16 years old and W.Phillips Davison that we often above can be admitted. have a self-serving perception of R-18 - Only viewers who are 18 years old and media influence. We make the above can be admitted. assumption that I (first person) X - “X-rated” films are not suitable for public am much less influenced by exhibition. media than them (third person). The gap in our perceived 5.​ Agenda-setting Theory (Lippmann/ influence from “me” to “them” is Mccombs and Shaw) the third person effect. -​ Process whereby the mass 2.​ Reciprocal Effect media determine what we think -​ When a person or event gets and worry about media attention, it influences -​ Public reacts not to actual the way the person acts or the events but to the pictures in our way the event functions. head, created by media -​ Media coverage often increases self-consciousness, which Propaganda - ideas or statements that are often affects our actions. false or exaggerated and that are spread in 3.​ Boomerang Effect order to help a cause, a political leader, a -​ Refers to media-induced change government, etc. that is counter to the desired -​ Propaganda manipulates and diverts change. you from logical analysis of issues. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ -​ Propaganda hides the truth. -​ examples: encyclopedia, -​ By understanding propaganda, you will dictionary, dictionaries, be able to protect yourself from yearbooks deceitful tactics LIBRARIES - may be either digital or physical How to Spot a Propaganda? in form and are often classified into four groups: -​ Distorts and oversimplify evidence ​ School Library -​ Shows internal inconsistency after ​ Academic Library examining facts ​ Public Library ​ Special Library L4: MEDIA INFORMATION TYPES OF SOURCES AND SOURCES 1.​ BOOKS - In-depth, detailed coverage of a topic and background information. INFORMATION 2.​ ARTICLES ​ Processed data and/or knowledge a.​ Scholarly Journals - Up-to-date derived from study, experience, and highly specific for scholars instruction, signals, or symbols. and researchers. b.​ Trade Publications - Targeted Sources of Information towards professionals in a discipline or industry. 1.​ PRIMARY c.​ Magazines - Broad summaries ​ An original, uninterpreted, or of issues for a general audience. first-hand material created by the 3.​ NEWSPAPERS - Up-to-date, national person(s) involved in an activity and regional information for a general or an event. audience. ​ Examples: artifacts, diaries and 4.​ INTERNET - Wide variety of information. autobiographies, letters, Evaluate websites carefully. manuscripts, artworks, architecture TYPES OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION 2.​ SECONDARY ​ Information obtained through the ​ Books - cover virtually any topic, fact or analysis, interpretation, and fiction. Useful for the complete evaluation of primary source background on an issue or an in-depth materials. analysis of a theory or person. Can take ​ examples: newspaper articles, years to publish, so may not always literature reviews, textbooks, include the most current information biographies, ​ Reference Books - Include facts, 3.​ TERTIARY figures, addresses, statistics, definitions, ​ Involves information that collects, dates, etc. Useful for finding factual or organizes, and summarizes statistical information or for a brief primary and secondary source overview of a particular topic. materials. ○​ Examples: dictionaries, encyclopedias, directories __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ​ Newspapers - Provides very current minority groups for campaigning on information about events, people, or particular issues. places at the time they are published. -​ Other alternative forms of Useful for information on current events communication and distribution have or to track the development of a story as become popular. These include social it unfolds. media, blogs, and flash mob ○​ Examples: The New York Times, performances. manila bulletin, Philippine Star, -​ These alternative forms provide greater Daily Inquirer freedom and power to ordinary ​ Magazines - Include articles on diverse individuals and are a quicker way of topics of popular interest and current distributing information. The downside is events. Articles are typically written by that a lot of the information being journalists or professional writers and passed around is biased and are geared toward the general public. inaccurate. ○​ Examples: Time, Newsweek, National Geographic EVALUATING INFORMATION by Eastern ​ Academic Journals - Include articles Kentucky University Libraries based on the written by and for specialists/experts in a work of Paul and Elder particular field. Articles must go through a peer review process before they’re 1.​ Currency - Information is current and accepted for publication. Articles tend to updated frequently. have a narrower focus and more 2.​ Relevance - Content is relevant to your analysis of the topic than those in other topic or research. types of publications. Includes cited 3.​ Author - Defines who created the references or footnotes at the end of content, the individual or group's research articles. credentials/expertise and provides ○​ Examples: Journal of contact information. Communication, The Historian, 4.​ Accuracy - Content is grammatically Journal of the American Medical correct, verifiable and cited when Association necessary. ​ Internet - An electronic communications 5.​ Fairness - Content is balanced, network that connects computer presenting all sides of an issue and networks and organizational computer multiple points-of-view. facilities around the world. A global network of computers that allows How to spot fake news? computer users around the world to share information for various purposes. ​ CONSIDER THE SOURCE (Shelly & Cambell, 2012) -​ Click away from the story to investigate the site, its mission ALTERNATIVE MEDIA and its contact info. -​ a non-mainstream media forms such as ​ CHECK THE AUTHOR graffiti, street theatre, fanzines, -​ Do a quick search on the author. pamphlets, and community ​ READ BEYOND newsletters— especially when used by __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ -​ Headlines can be outrageous in -​ a perfect scaffold to sustainable an effort to get clicks. development connecting the past, the ​ SUPPORTING SOURCES? present and the future -​ Click on those links. Determine if the info given actually supports the story. INDIGENOUS MEDIA ​ CHECK THE DATE -​ form of media conceptualized, -​ Reposting old news stories produced, and circulated by doesn't mean they're relevant to indigenous people current events. -​ vehicles for: ​ CHECK YOUR BIASES -​ communication -​ Consider if your own beliefs -​ cultural preservation could affect your judgement. -​ cultural and artistic expression ​ IS IT A JOKE? -​ political self-determination -​ If it is too outlandish, it might be -​ cultural sovereignty satire. Research the site and -​ (Wilson et al., 2015) author to be sure. -​ Characteristics: ​ ASK THE EXPERTS -​ oral tradition of communication -​ Ask a librarian, or consult a -​ store information in memories fact-checking site. -​ information exchange is face-to-face INDIGENOUS MEDIA -​ information is contained within the border of the community INDIGENOUS -​ produced naturally in a particular region INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND INFORMATION -​ native or local -​ original information created by a local group of people INDIGENOUS PEOPLE -​ content about indigenous peoples -​ distinct social and cultural groups that -​ may be distributed through dominant share collective ancestral ties to the forms of traditional media or through lands and natural resources where they forms of communication unique to their live, occupy or from which they have people group been displaced -​ examples: -​ folktales, folk songs, folk dances INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE -​ oral instruction -​ local and unique knowledge developed -​ gathering and social organization over centuries of experimentation by our -​ direct observation ancestors -​ records (written, carved, oral) -​ passed orally from generation to generation -​ culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community IMPORTANCE OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND INFORMATION __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.​ Cultural Preservation -​ indigenous media play a vital Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines role in preserving and (RA 8293) revitalizing indigenous -​ aims to protect the exclusive rights of cultures, traditions, and scientists, inventors, artists, and other languages gifted citizens to their intellectual 2.​ Self Presentation property and creation. -​ indigenous media empower indigenous communities to tell Copyright their own stories and represent -​ legal term used to describe the rights themselves in their own voices that creators have over their literary, 3.​ Knowledge Sharing scientific and artistic works -​ Indigenous media serve as a valuable resource for sharing Patent traditional knowledge about the -​ a government-issued grant, bestowing environment, health, and an exclusive right to an inventor over a sustainable practices product or process that provides any 4.​ Community Building technical solution to a problem in any -​ Indigenous media can help to field of human activity which is new, connect indigenous inventive, and industrially applicable. communities, both locally and globally Trademark 5.​ Advocacy and Empowerment -​ a word, a group of words, sign, symbol, -​ They can be used to raise or a logo that distinguishes your awareness about issues facing business’ goods or services from those indigenous communities, to of other traders. mobilize support for their rights, and to advocate for their Different Types of Trademark self-determination 1.​ Registered Trademark 6.​ Education 2.​ Trademark Symbol -​ Indigenous media can be used to 3.​ Service Mark Symbol educate both indigenous and non-indigenous audiences Industrial Design about indigenous cultures, -​ consists of three-dimensional features, histories, and perspectives such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, L5: LEGAL ETHICS AND such as patterns, lines or color SOCIETAL ISSUES Utility Model Intellectual Property -​ Utility models, just like inventions, is an -​ refers to creations of the mind, such as exclusive right granted to for an inventions; literary and artistic works; invention, but it does not require the designs; and symbols, names and condition of the involvement of an images used in commerce inventive step to be protected. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ REPUBLIC ACT 8293 (Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines) Plagiarism ➔​ Copying or closely imitating the work of another author, composer, or etc., while COPYRIGHT VALIDITY PERIOD not having permission and with the Literary Works During the lifetime of the intention of passing the results off as author plus 50 years after original work. death Art 25 years from the date of creation DIGITAL DIVIDE, ADDICTION, AND BULLYING Photographic 50 years from publication Work Digital Divide Audio-Visual 50 years from publication ➔​ A term that refers to the gap between Work demographics and regions that have access to trendy info and technology, Sound 50 years from year recording and people that do not or have restricted Recording took place access. Broadcast 20 years from date of Recording broadcast Digital Addiction ➔​ A disorder in which the individual turns Trademark Valid for 10 years and may be to the internet or plays computer games renewed for a period of 10 to change moods, overcome anxiety, years deal with depression, reduce isolation or Invention Patent Valid for 20 years from filing loneliness, or distract themselves from date application overwhelming problems. Bullying Fair Use ➔​ Stopbullying.org (2019) defines ➔​ Fair use means you can use copyrighted bullying as unwanted, aggressive material without a license ONLY FOR behavior among school aged children CERTAIN PURPOSES such as: that involves a real or perceived power ◆​ Commentary imbalance. ◆​ Criticism ➔​ The behavior is repeated, or has the ◆​ Reporting potential to be repeated over time. ◆​ Research ➔​ Both kids who are bullied or who bully ◆​ Teaching others may have serious, lasting ◆​ Parodies problems. Guidelines for Fair Use ➔​ A majority of the content you create must be your own. ➔​ Give full credit to the copyright holder. Types of Bullying ➔​ Don't make money off of the copyrighted work. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025 REVIEWER MIL | Q3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Verbal Bullying Saying or writing mean things. Social Bullying Sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting someone's reputation or relationships. Physical Bullying Involves hurting a person's body or possessions. Cyberbullying ➔​ Cyberbullying, according to stopbullying.com (2019), is bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, and/or tablets. ➔​ Cyberbullying can occur through SMS, texts, and apps, or online, in social media, forums, or gaming, where people can view, participate in, or share content. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ FARADAY SY. 2024-2025