a315c41a-52a6-43ad-b9b0-065e69289ad7%2FBIOLOGY_TEST_.pdf

BIOLOGY TEST Course Science Date @February 12, 2025 Topic - Characteristics of Living Organisms and Cell Structure PLANT ANIMAL N...

BIOLOGY TEST Course Science Date @February 12, 2025 Topic - Characteristics of Living Organisms and Cell Structure PLANT ANIMAL Name Definiton Nutrition Organisms need nutrient for energy and growth. Respiration Process of releasing energy from food. Excretion Removal of waste products from organisms. Response to Ability to react to environmental changes. Surroundings Movement Organisms move towards resources and away from dangers. Producing offspring to ensure species survival. Could be done Reproduction asexually. Growth and Organisms grown mature into adult forms. Development Cells Building blocks of all living organisms. BIOLOGY TEST 1  Eukaryotic Complex cells with membrane-bound organelles. Cells Prokaryotic Simpler cells without membrane-bound organelles Organelles Tiny sturctures within cells performing specific functions. Nucleus Contains genetic material controlling cell activities. Cell Membrane Controls substances entering and exiting the cell. Cytoplasm Gel-like substance where chemical reactions occur. Mitochandria Organelles where aerobic respiration occurs. Ribosomes Sites of protein synthesis in the cell. Chloroplasts Organelles for photosynthesis in plant cells. Cell Wall Rigid stricture providing support to plant cells. Vacuole Contains cell sap, supporting plant cell structure. Tissue Group of similar cells performing a specific function. Xylem Tissue Transports water and minerals in plants Phloem Tissue Transports sucrose and amino acids in plants. Organ Group of tissues performing a specific function. Organ Systems Groups of organs working together for functions. Digestive Organ system for processing food in mammals System Plant Cells Cells with rigid walls and chloroplasts. Animal Cells Cells lacking cell walls, more flexible. Cell Cells develop unique structure for specific functions. Specialization Red Blood Cells Specialized for oxygen transport in blood. White Blood Specialized for immune defense against diseases. Cells Cell Process where cells become specialized for functions. Differentiation Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells capable of becoming any cell type. Embryonic Stem cells from embryos, can differentiate into any cell. Stem Cells Adult Stem Limited stem cells found in adults, specific functions. Cells BIOLOGY TEST 2  Bone Marrow Tissue producing blood cells, source of adult stem cells Cloning producing genetically identical cells from stem cells. Insulin- Cells created for diabetes treatment using stem cells. Producing Cells Nerve Cells Cells that transmit signals in the nervous system. Cell Risk of viruses in lab-grown stem cells. Contamination Multicellular Organisms composed of multiple specialized cells. Organisms Single-Celled Organisms consisting of a single cell Organisms Advantage of Potential to cure various diseases and injuries. Stem Cells Potato Cylinder Measures osmosis using varying sugar solution concentrations. Experiment BIOLOGY TEST 3