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# PaO2 PaO2 is the partial pressure of arterial oxygen in the blood. It more accurately measures a patient's oxygenation status than SaO2 (the measurement of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen). Therefore, ABG results are also used to manage patients in respiratory distress. ## The Fluid & Electroly...

# PaO2 PaO2 is the partial pressure of arterial oxygen in the blood. It more accurately measures a patient's oxygenation status than SaO2 (the measurement of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen). Therefore, ABG results are also used to manage patients in respiratory distress. ## The Fluid & Electrolyte Movement Depend on 1. Osmotic pressure 2. Hydrostatic pressure - Pressure contained in fluid exerts what's confining it. 3. Osmosis ## Fluid & Electrolyte Regulation (water balance) 1. ADH - Anti Diuretic Hormone 2. Thirst 3. RASS - Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (regulating flurd + BP) ## Intravenous Solutions 1. Isotonic solutions 0.9% NaCl 2. Hypotonic solutions 0.45% NaCl 3. Hypertonic solutions 3% NaCl ## Electrolytes * **Sodium:** Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia * **Potassium:** Hypokalemia, Hyperkalemia * **Calcium:** Hypocalcemia, Hypercalcemia * **Magnesium:** Hypomagnesemia, Hypermagnesemia * **Chloride:** Hypochloremia, Hyperchloremia * **Phosphate:** Hypophosphatemia, Hyperphosphatemia * **Bicarbonate:** Acidosis, Alkalosis # BODY FLUIDS Found in ICF & ECF (Intracellular compartment & extracellular compartment) * Water * Plasma * Electrolytes * Protein * Cell * (Solutes) other soluble particles ## Two Compartments of Fluid in the Body 1. (ICF) Intracellular fluid 2. (ECF) Extracellular fluid ## Three Types of ECF 1. **Intravascular fluid** - hypovolemia!! sodium water 2. **Interstitial fluid** - outside & between brood cells 3. **Transcellular fluid** - cerebrospinal, synovial, gastrointestinal, intrapleural ## Two Type of Fluid Imbalances 1. **Hypervolemia** - excessive 2. **Hypovolemia** - deficient ## Measurements of Electrolytes ### Extracellular * **Na+ (sodium):** 135-145 mEq/L * **Ca+ (calcium):** 8.6-10.2 mg/dL * **Cl- (chloride):** 98-107 mEq/L * **HCO3- (Bicarbonate):** 22-26 mEq/L ### Intracellular * **K+ (potassium):** 3.5-5.1 mEq/L * **PO4 (Phosphate):** 2.5-4.0 mg/dL * **mg+ (magnesium):** 1.5-2.4 mEq/L ## ABG Component * **pH:** neutral 7; 7.35-7.45; 7.45 (alkaline) * **paO2:** 80-100 mmHg;