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## LESSON 11. TYPES OF LAW * **Divine Law** refers to the law of the Supreme Being such as the Ten Commandments. * **Natural Law** refers to that which is rooted from core values shared by many cultures, to name a few are: * Crimes against person (murder, rape, assault), or * Crimes against...

## LESSON 11. TYPES OF LAW * **Divine Law** refers to the law of the Supreme Being such as the Ten Commandments. * **Natural Law** refers to that which is rooted from core values shared by many cultures, to name a few are: * Crimes against person (murder, rape, assault), or * Crimes against property (theft, larceny, robbery) Note: The aforementioned crimes are punishable by the Revised Penal Code book II; they are considered crime mala inse. * **Statutory Law** refers to law enacted by legislatures and reflects current cultural mores such as: Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA. 9165). Any act or an omission in violation of statutory law is called crime mala probihita. ## LESSON 12. CRIME * **Definition of Crime** * Legally, crime is defined as an act committed or omitted in violation of public law forbidding or commanding it Crime is any rational human conduct that violates a criminal law and is subject to punishment (Adler, Mueller & Laufer 1995 as cited by Alviola and Alviola 2014) Crime is defined as an act committed or omitted in violation of a public law forbidding or commanding it and for which punishment was imposed upon conviction (American Heritage Dictionary). Crime is an act or omission prohibited by law. It is also defined as an act that violates the law of the nation (Inciardi 2005) as cited by Alviola and Alviola 2014 * Crime is a variation of societal rules of behavior as interpreted and expressed by the criminal law, which reflects public opinion, traditional values and the viewpoint of people presently holding social and political power. Individuals who violate these rules are subject to sanctions by state authority, social stigma and loss of status (Siegel 2007 as cited by Alviola and Alviola 2014). * In legal terms, crime is intentional violation of the criminal law or penal code, committed without defense or excuse and penalized by the state. Crime is an intentional act or omission in violation of criminal law (statutory and case law), committed without defense or justification and sanctioned by the state as a felony or misdemeanor (Reid 1997 as cited by Alviola and Alviola 2014). Within the social context, crimes is a behavior that violates the norms of the society - or, more simply, antisocial behavior or deviance. A norm is any standard or rule regarding what human beings should or should not think, say, or do under given circumstances (Bohm and Haley 2002) as cited by Alviola and Alviola 2014).